GC／TOF-MS法分析不同蜂蜡净油的挥发性成分

利用气相色谱／飞行时间质谱,对4家公司不同蜂蜡净油的挥发性成分进行了分析,通过质谱库检索、保留指数比对及标准品验证,共检出186个化合物。其中,样品A与B的香气特征和挥发性组分类似,疑为调配精油,共同检出的物质有107种,主要成分包括乙酸香叶酯、（E）-大茴香脑、苯甲醇、香兰素、苯乙酸苯乙酯等;样品C与D的香气特征和挥发性组分类似,为天然精油,共同检出的物质有83种,主要成分包括棕榈酸乙酯、苯甲酸、硬脂酸乙酯、亚油酸、棕榈酸等。研究结果为蜂蜡净油的产品开发和品质控制提供了技术支撑。     

2-氯苯基二苯氯甲烷的合成研究进展

2-氯苯基二苯氯甲烷是应用较广的有机合成中间体.综述了以2-氯苯甲酸甲酯、2-氯三氯甲苯、2-氯苯基二苯甲醇为原料制备2-氯苯基二苯氯甲烷的三种合成方法,并介绍了 2-氯苯基二苯氯甲烷在广谱抗真菌药、血管紧张素Ⅱ受体拮抗剂、2-氯苯基二苯甲烷酯类活性化合物等药物合成中的应用现状,展望了其应用前景.     

一种高效氧化3-羟甲基-7β-苯乙酰胺-3-头孢-4-羧酸二苯甲基酯的方法

以7-氨基头孢烷酸(7-ACA)为原料,经水解、氨基和羧基保护,制得3-羟甲基-7β-苯乙酰胺-3-头孢-4-羧酸二苯甲酯(Ⅰ),产率48%;并在乙腈中用2-碘酰基苯甲酸实现羟基选择性氧化,产物3-甲酰基-7β-苯乙酰胺-3-头孢-4-羧酸二苯甲酯(Ⅱ),收率达94%。     

化妆品配方

<正>睫毛膏组分w/%A相水54.15B相羟乙基纤维素0.20对羟基苯甲酸甲酯0.10泛醇0.50三乙醇胺2.65C相C26~28烷基聚二甲基硅氧烷4.30C30~45烷基聚二甲基硅氧烷1.70巴西棕榈蜡2.55硬脂酸甘油酯1.60对羟基苯甲酸丙酯0.10硬脂酸5.20D相乙烯基二甲基环戊硅氧烷/三甲基硅氧基硅酸盐/9.00硬脂酸三甲基硅氧基苯基二甲基硅油3.00E相一氮化硼5.00CL 77489 9.35F相苯氧乙醇/对羟基苯甲酸酯类0.10丙二醇/N-(羟甲基)-N-(1,3-双羟甲基-2,5-0.50二氧-4-咪唑烷基)-N’-(羟甲基)脲/对羟基苯甲酸酯类     

毛叶蔷薇花净油化学成分的研究

贵州毕节地区野生蔷薇科植物毛叶蔷薇用其花制取净油,通过 GC/MS 法分析净油化学成分,鉴定出60多个化合物成分.其中对香气起重要作用的有:香茅醇、芳樟醇、香叶醇、丁香酚、金合欢烯、β-紫罗兰酮和二氢-β-紫罗兰酮等成分。毛叶蔷薇花净油中含有较多高分子量成分,如:棕榈酯、亚麻酸酯、亚油酸醣和亚麻酸等成分.     

HIV病毒抑制剂中间体3,5-二羟基戊苯(olivetol)的新合成方法

以工业级的3,5-二甲氧基苯甲酸为起始原料,与L iH于室温下在四氢呋喃中反应5 h生成3,5-二甲氧基苯甲酸锂(Ⅰ),不需精制,直接与正丁基锂在冰浴中进行酰化反应制得3,5-二甲氧基苯戊酮(Ⅱ),收率85.06%;进而在210℃以下通过乌尔夫-黄鸣龙反应将Ⅱ还原为3,5-二甲氧基戊苯(Ⅲ),Ⅲ与熔融的吡啶盐酸盐在200℃回流2 h,脱甲基制得目标产物3,5-二羟基戊苯(Ⅳ),总收率为60.90%,质量分数为98.22%。利用IR1、HNMR、GC、HLPC-MS等分析手段对各步产物进行了表征。结果表明:该文所提出合成路线是可行的,具有工艺简单、收率高等特点,优于目前所报道的其他合成路线。目前正在进行放大实验。     

辛夷净油中致香组分的制备、成分分析及其在卷烟中的应用

采用传统净油制备工艺和葡聚糖凝胶柱层析技术,分离得到辛夷净油中的致香组分,并经气相色谱/质谱联用进行分析鉴定,共鉴定出22种成分,主要包括顺式-β-松油醇、芳樟醇、香叶醇、香茅醇、顺-Z-α-环氧化红没药烯、异金合欢醇、榄香醇、喇叭醇、棕榈酸、顺-9-十八烯酸、亚麻酸甲酯、亚油酸等物质。将辛夷净油致香组分应用于卷烟中,可消除并规避辛夷净油辛凉气息较重、易掩盖烟香的缺点,同时具有丰富和提升烟香、提高香气质、改善吃味、使烟气柔和细腻以及减刺除杂等作用。     

几种复合防腐剂在化妆品中的防腐效果及评价

目的考察不同复配比的防腐剂在化妆品基质中的作用效果,寻求一种新型复合防腐剂。方法采用微生物挑战性实验验证复合防腐剂对微生物的抑菌能力。结果在面膜液基质中,对羟基苯甲酸酯类复配而成的复合防腐剂对抑制细菌效果较好,抑制霉菌效果较弱。对羟基苯甲酸酯类及苯氧乙醇复配而成的复合防腐剂抑菌效果较好。在粉底霜基质中,由含量分别为0.20%、0.10%和0.20%的对羟基苯甲酸甲酯、对羟基苯甲酸丙酯及苯氧乙醇复配而成的复合防腐剂对抑制细菌、霉菌效果达到最好且含量相对较低,为最优复合防腐剂。结论应用于面膜基质液和粉底霜基质液的复合防腐剂:0.12%甲酯、0.02%丙酯、0.3%的苯氧乙醇和0.20%甲酯、0.1%丙酯、0.2%苯氧乙醇通过了挑战性实验。根据化妆品的配方结合实际情况,该两种新型复合防腐剂可行性强。     

气相色谱-质谱法分析歧化松香中性部分的化学组成

用皂化法将歧化松香中的酸性和中性部分分离,并由GC/MS法对中性部分的化学组成进行了分析,为进一步拓宽松脂可再生资源的用途提供了科学依据。实验考察了中性部分化学组分分析的GC和MS条件,检索对照了NIST数据库的标准图谱,结果表明,歧化松香中性部分共分离出55个组分,其中高沸点中性部分共分离出32个组分,鉴定了其中的30个组分(占歧化松香中性物质质量的80.3%,下同),主要化学成分为:脱氢枞酸甲酯、7-二氢海松酸甲酯、8(14)-二氢异海松酸甲酯、8α-四氢异海松酸甲酯、7-二氢枞酸甲酯、8-二氢海松酸甲酯、8α-四氢海松酸甲酯以及4个高沸点化合物;低沸点中性部分分离出23个组分,鉴定了其中的22个组分(占歧化松香中性物质质量的19.7%),主要是倍半萜和少量单萜化合物,系残留的歧化松节油。     

国内外低焦油烤烟型卷烟中性香味成分的分析比较

将国内外5种（国外1种,国内4种）低焦油烤烟型卷烟烟丝经同时蒸馏萃取、GC、GC／MS分析测试,对低焦油烤烟型卷烟烟丝29种中性香味成分进行了分析研究。国内外卷烟烟丝的常规化学成分也进行了测试比较。结果发现,国产烤烟型卷烟挥发性、半挥发性中性成分总量、酮类成分总量、醇类成分总量比国外烤烟型卷烟低,醛类成分总量、酯类成分总量比国外高。4种国产烤烟型卷烟烟丝重要中性香味成分中均比国外烤烟型卷烟低10％以上的有：苯乙醛、糠醇、苯甲醇、六氢金合欢基丙酮和2-甲氧基4-乙烯基苯酚;均高于10％的有：糠醛、亚麻酸甲酯等。     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.