烧结温度对添加镁渣制备陶粒支撑剂性能的影响

采用山西阳泉铝矾土和煤矸石为主要原料,工业废弃物镁渣为添加剂,在1180～1350℃下烧结制备陶粒支撑剂.对比分析各温度下陶粒体积密度,视密度和破碎率的变化趋势,利用XRD和SEM对陶粒的物相及微观形貌进行了表征.探讨了烧结温度对添加镁渣制备陶粒支撑剂性能的影响,同时明确了最好性能陶粒支撑剂对应的最佳烧结温度.结果表明:烧结温度为1250℃时,陶粒支撑剂的体积密度为1.39 g/cm3,视密度为2.84 g/cm3,48 MPa闭合压力下破碎率为6.87％,52 MPa闭合压力下破碎率为8.64％.在该温度下,陶粒的性能较好,烧结致密度很高.     

基于煤层气井用陶粒支撑剂的制备

以煤矸石和铝矾土为主要原料,采用50∶50和60∶40质量配比,再添加2wt％长石添加剂,在不同温度烧结制备了煤层气井用的20/40目经济型陶粒支撑剂.通过X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对陶粒的物相组成和显微形貌进行表征.实验结果表明:所制备的陶粒的视密度均低于3.0 g,/cm3,体积密度低于1.5 g/cm3,属于低密度范畴;当煤矸石与铝矾土配比为50∶50时,烧结温度在1400 ～ 1500℃制备的支撑剂,在35 MPa闭合压力下的破碎率均低于9％的行业标准(SY/T 5108-2014).     

紫砂土制备压裂支撑剂的研究

本文首次以阳泉紫砂土和Ⅱ级铝矾土为原料,在不同烧成温度下制备了莫来石-石英质石油压裂支撑剂.利用XRD、SEM等方法,对制品的显微结构和物化性能进行了分析和探讨.结果表明:随着烧成温度的提高,紫砂土和铝矾土制备的支撑剂的破碎率逐渐降低,显微结构趋于致密,1280℃左右性能较佳,20/40目试样的体积密度为1.45 g./cm3,视密度为2.92g/cm3,35 MPa闭合压力下的破碎率仅为8.05％,试样满足行业标准SY/T5108-2014的要求.     

以ZnO作添加剂覆膜陶粒支撑剂的制备与性能研究

以低成本的高岭土为主要原料,以ZnO作为添加剂,结合常压烧结技术,制备出低密度高强度的陶粒支撑剂。研究了ZnO的添加量、烧结温度对陶粒支撑剂性能的影响。采用树脂覆膜的方法进一步优化了陶粒支撑剂的性能,使其适用于更高要求的油气井。研究结果表明,当加入2%的ZnO并且烧结温度为1 300℃时,陶粒支撑剂的体积密度为1.42 g/cm³,视密度为2.61 g/cm3,视密度为2.61 g/cm³,35 MPa闭合压力下的破碎率为7.28%。当环氧树脂的用量为支撑剂的12%,固化剂的用量为环氧树脂的14%时,覆膜支撑剂的体积密度为1.32 g/cm3,35 MPa闭合压力下的破碎率为7.28%。当环氧树脂的用量为支撑剂的12%,固化剂的用量为环氧树脂的14%时,覆膜支撑剂的体积密度为1.32 g/cm³,视密度为2.27 g/cm3,视密度为2.27 g/cm³,69 MPa闭合压力下的破碎率仅为1.16%。     

V2O5掺杂对莫来石晶须增强型陶粒支撑剂的性能影响

以高岭石质煤矸石为主要原料,V2O5为添加剂,于1400 ℃下制备了莫来石晶须增强的陶粒支撑剂,讨论了V2O5促进莫来石晶须生长机制及其添加量对支撑剂样品性能的影响.结果表明:随着V2O5的加入,支撑剂样品的主晶相莫来石逐渐生长形成莫来石晶须;当V2O5添加量为1wt％时,试样的性能最佳;体积密度1.25 g/cm3,视密度2.69 g/cm3,52 MPa闭合压力下的破碎率5.18％.     

先驱体转化法制备莫来石毡/氧化锆多孔复合材料的显微结构与力学性能

以ZrO2前驱体混合液作为浸渍液,莫来石毡为前驱体附着骨架,采用真空压力浸渍工艺制备出莫来石毡/氧化锆多孔复合材料。研究了不同烧结温度(1 300、1 350、1 400和1 450℃)下该多孔复合材料的物相组成、体积密度、开口气孔率、压缩强度及显微结构。结果表明,烧结之后的多孔复合材料发生了四方相氧化锆到单斜相氧化锆的转变,相转变过程直接导致较低烧结温度(1 300和1 350℃)下制备的多孔复合材料体积密度低于烧结前的;而在较高烧结温度下,晶粒间更加紧密联结并生长出大晶粒,材料致密化程度和压缩强度提高,其中,1 450℃烧结制备的多孔复合材料体积密度为2.16g/cm3,开口气孔率约为46.5%,平均压缩强度达到31.6MPa。     

六铝酸钙/镁铝尖晶石复相材料的制备及性能

以白云石和工业γ-Al2O3为原料,在不同烧结温度下制备了六铝酸钙/镁铝尖晶石复相材料。研究了Al2O3加入量和烧结温度对六铝酸钙/镁铝尖晶石复相相料的物相组成及性能的影响。结果表明:当Al2O3加入量为90.32%(质量分数)时,在1500,1550,1600℃和1650℃下均能够制备出无杂相六铝酸钙/尖晶石复相相料。随烧结温度提高,复相相料的体积密度和抗折强度先下降后提高,而显气孔率总是呈下降趋势。当烧结温度为1650℃时,所制备的复相材料的体积密度、显气孔率和弯曲强度分别为2.07g/cm3,48.78%和54.3MPa。     

放电等离子烧结制备Ca3Co4O9陶瓷及其电学性能

采用化学共沉淀与放电等离子烧结相结合的方法制备了Ca3Co4O9陶瓷.通过X射线衍射,红外光谱仪,扫描电镜等表征手段,探讨了Ca3Co4O9的形成过程,研究了不同制备工艺对陶瓷的物相,显微结构和性能的影响.实验结果表明共沉淀前驱物800℃预烧6 h或8 h后,再经放电等离子850℃,压力30 MPa下烧结5 min,可以获得纯相Ca3Co4O9陶瓷;800℃预烧6 h的烧结体密度为4.53 g/cm3,800℃预烧8 h的烧结体密度为4.78 g/cm3;前驱物预烧8 h后再经放电等离子烧结的块体具有较好的电学性能.700℃时,电阻率为8.30×10-5 Ωm,Seebeck系数为182μV/K.电导率和Seebeck系数在目前Ca-Co-O材料中是较高的.     

温度制度对铜尾矿烧制轻质材料的性能影响

以铜尾矿为主要原料,添加发泡剂、粘结剂烧制轻质材料,研究温度制度对制备材料的抗压强度、密度和导热系数等性能的影响,并分析材料的结构特征.研究表明:入炉温度是影响制备材料密度和导热系数的主要因素,烧成温度及保温时间是影响制备材料抗压强度的重要因素.在入炉温度为300℃、烧制温度为900℃、保温时间1h条件下,制备的轻质材料的密度为0.36 g/cm3,抗压强度为1.0 MPa,导热系数0.10 W/(M·K),XRD和SEM分析表明其主要晶相为α-石英和磷酸盐,石英晶体之间由磷酸盐连接.     

AlON合成及致密化的研究

本文以AlN和Al2O3为原料采用无压烧结的方法制备AlON,研究了不同温度对AlON合成物相的影响,及添加剂MsO、Y2O3和CaO对其致密化的影响.通过X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜和阿基米德原理对其物相、显微结构和体积密度等性能进行表征.研究结果表明:在1700℃时AlON开始生成,随着温度升高AlON相含量越多,最佳合成温度为1800℃,当温度达到1900℃时出现多种AlON相;在1800℃时,添加剂MsO、Y2O3和CaO均能促进AlON的致密化,而添加剂CaO添加量为20wt％时,AlON致密化最佳,气孔率最小为5.43％,密度为3.14 g/cm3.     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.