基于木钠盐与NNO复配水煤浆添加剂制备试验研究

为克服单一添加剂的缺点,提高水煤浆性能,研制了一种基于木质素磺酸钠与亚甲基二萘磺酸钠(NNO)复配的新型水煤浆添加剂,研究了添加剂复配比、添加剂用量、煤粒级配及温度等对水煤浆成浆性能的影响。结果表明,木质素磺酸钠与亚甲基二萘磺酸钠的复配比为1∶2,添加剂用量为0.8%,0.25、0.18、0.12 mm煤粒质量比为1∶2∶3.5时制备的水煤浆具有较好的稳定性及流动性,黏度为2 000 m Pa·s,浆液流动性达B级,且放置1、3 d后,落棒实验均显示一棒落底。水煤浆黏度与温度的自然对数成线性关系,即随着温度的升高,水煤浆黏度下降明显。     

复配分散剂与不同煤化程度煤成浆性能的研究

为了考察复配分散剂对不同煤化程度煤的成浆性能的影响,以木质素磺酸钠与萘磺酸钠复配分散剂对山西王坡煤(WP)、淮北朱仙庄煤(ZXZ)、内蒙古上湾煤(SW)3种不同煤化程度的煤样进行了制浆试验。结果表明:复配分散剂对上湾煤样所成浆的流动性和稳定性产生较大影响,但成浆浓度不高;对较高煤化程度煤样的成浆性提高效果明显,选用3号分散剂王坡煤的成浆浓度达到最大66.8%;朱仙庄煤选用4号分散剂可以制成流动性和稳定性较好的煤浆,其煤浆浓度达67.0%。木质素磺酸钠及萘磺酸复配分散剂的协同作用对不同煤化程度煤样成浆性的影响与煤的结构有关,此复配分散剂对煤化程度较高煤的成浆性提高较有利。     

木质素磺酸盐化学改性及制浆性能研究

论述了木质素磺酸盐化学改性制取水煤浆添加剂的试验研究。探讨了反应时间、反应温度、反应液浓度等因素对水煤浆流变性能的影响。红外光谱分析表明 ,改性后的木质素磺酸钠分子结构有较大改变 ,表面活性明显提高。该添加剂用于大同煤制浆 ,可使煤浆定粘浓度提高2 %。     

改性水煤浆分散剂合成的影响因素

实验以木质素磺酸钠、丙烯酸和乙二醇为原料,过氧化氢与七水合硫酸铁作引发剂,合成改性水煤浆分散剂GM;研究了原料配比、反应温度和反应时间对GM在褐煤制浆过程中分散性能的影响;结果表明,在木质素磺酸钠、丙烯酸与乙二醇的配比为1∶3∶4,反应温度70℃,反应时间1 h的条件下,可制备较为优良的褐煤用水煤浆分散剂GM。     

水煤浆分散剂研究进展

水煤浆 ( CWS)是一种新型煤基液体燃料 .分散剂是水煤浆添加剂中的主要组分 ,是决定水煤浆性能的关键 .对水煤浆工业中普遍使用的阴离子型分散剂包括萘系、聚烯烃系、聚羧酸系、腐殖酸系和木质素磺酸盐系分散剂进行了评述 ,对非离子型分散剂和复配分散剂作了介绍 ,探讨了分散剂的分子结构对煤浆的流变性和静态稳定性的影响 ,并对水煤浆分散剂的研究开发与工业应用前景作了展望 .     

SAF及其与木质素磺酸钠复配分散剂的性能研究

用丙酮、甲醛、无水亚硫酸钠和水通过缩合反应制备了水煤浆分散剂SAF,并将其与木质素磺酸钠(木钠)进行复配,评价了分散剂对宁夏回族自治区羊场湾产煤的成浆性能。以表观黏度1 500 mPa.s为标准,采用复配分散剂(SAF∶木钠=1∶2)制备的水煤浆的最大成浆浓度为71%,而采用SAF、木钠制备水煤浆的最大成浆浓度分别为67%,63%;SAF、木钠和复配分散剂制得的水煤浆48 h均无沉淀产生,而三者制得水煤浆的72 h产生的析水率分别为6.0%,4.2%,2.4%,表明复配分散剂可提高煤的成浆浓度,降低析水率。     

木质素磺酸钠/萘系复合水煤浆分散剂的性能

将商用的木质素磺酸钠(SL)和萘系分散剂(NSF)进行复配制浆,考察复配分散剂对水煤浆性能的影响。结果表明,SL和NSF复配后具有一定的协同增效作用,当n(SL)∶n(NSF)为2∶1时,水煤浆具有较低的表观黏度以及较高的稳定性,说明合理的分散剂复配有利于提高水煤浆的性能。     

木质素改性及其作为水煤浆添加剂的性能研究

为制备出性价比高的水煤浆添加剂,根据木质素的组成和性质,采用均匀试验设计方法确定了木质素改性制水煤浆分散剂(DCS)的工艺条件。在义马煤的成浆实验中,通过添加剂的添加量与水煤浆黏度的关系及制浆浓度与水煤浆黏度的关系可以看出,在DCS添加量为0.8%(干煤基)时,水煤浆的浓度可达到65%,黏度为988mPa.s;由DCS、木质素磺酸钠(木钠)、萘磺酸钠(NSF)3种添加剂在制浆浓度都为64%时制得水煤浆的流动性和稳定性的比较中,可以看出DCS具有良好的分散与稳定性能。     

新型复配水煤浆添加剂的开发

试验利用萘系添加剂(SNS)、木质素磺酸钠进行复配(SLS),用复配添加剂对低变质程度煤(YSW)进行制浆,并与萘系添加剂和木质素磺酸钠制浆结果进行对比。实验结果表明:萘系添加剂与木质素磺酸钠以9∶1复配时,具有较好的协同作用,在添加量为0.3%时,新型复配添加剂可提高制浆浓度2%~3%,改善浆体稳定性。     

神府煤制备高浓度水煤浆的研究

由于神府煤内在水分含量高且氧含量高,很难制得高浓度的水煤浆.通过粒度配比和分散剂复配等实验,研究其成浆工艺条件,得出神府煤三级级配粒度比为500目∶325目∶200目=5∶1∶4,复配添加剂月桂醇聚氧乙烯醚和木质素磺酸钠比为0.8∶0.8时,可以制备出黏度为1 020 mPa·s,稳定性为15 d,浓度为62％的较高浓度水煤浆.     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.