大学化学教学方法的探讨

大学化学已成为很多院校开设的一门基础课程,文章剖析了大学化学的特点以及大学化学在教学过程中存在的问题,探讨了如何通过改进大学化学教学方法来培养学生的学习兴趣、动手能力以及思维能力等,同时在大学化学教学中渗透绿色化学,最终提高大学化学的教学质量。     

材料专业大学化学课程教学改革初探

在培养应用技术型人才教育理念的指导下,结合材料专业大学化学课程的培养目标以及在大学化学课程教学中存在的问题,从教学内容、教学方法和考核方式等几个方面探讨改革措施,有助于激发学生的学习兴趣和学习积极性,培养学生的创新能力,提高学生的学习效率以及利用大学化学基础知识和理论解决实际问题的能力,以适应材料工程专业应用型人才培养的发展需要。     

浅谈非化学化工专业大学化学课程教学改革

针对目前非化学化工专业学生对大学化学学习不感兴趣、学习积极性不高、主动性差、课堂效率低等现象,对大学化学课程教学理论内容、教学方法和考核方式进行改革探索,意在为提高非化学化工专业大学化学教学效果提供一定的研究思路和方法。     

“互联网+”时代《大学化学》教学面临的机遇挑战及对策

互联网的迅猛发展,给高等教育带来了前所未有的变革,结合《大学化学》课程的教学实践,分析了互联网时代《大学化学》课程教学面临的机遇和挑战,在此基础上,为提高《大学化学》课程教学质量,从教学内容、教学方式和教学管理等方面,提出了要加强教学资源融合,提升学生自主学习能力,创新教学管理理念等具体对策。     

转型背景下大学化学基础课程教学改革设想

大学化学基础课程是面向理工科学生的一门公共基础课,对学生进一步学习专业课知识起着奠基作用。本文以南阳理工学院的实际情况为例,分析了在高校转型背景下大学化学基础课程在教学过程中所存在的问题,并针对目前存在的问题,结合课程特点,从教学内容安排、教学模式、实验教学、考核方式等方面的改革探索提出了一些设想,以期提高大学化学基础课程的课堂教学效果,提升人才培养质量。     

大学化学课堂教学中的案例教学

大学化学是一门与工程实际结合紧密的基础课程,它涉及的知识点多、面广。我们采用案例教学法对大学化学教学进行了探讨。通过案例精选、结合案例的教学环节设计等步骤,我们发现可以有效提高学生发现问题、分析问题、解决问题的能力,进一步激发学生的学习兴趣,增进课堂教学互动,提高教学效果。     

微课程在大学化学教学中的应用

微课程短小精炼,生动形象,视觉听觉协同互补,在调动学生学习兴趣上有着积极的作用。本文就微课程教学理念和方法的优势,结合大学化学课程内容和特征,介绍微课程在大学化学教学过程中的应用及其作用。微课程的灵活性可协助学生课前预习和课后复习;理论与实例相结合,提高学生兴趣,将传统机械接受型学习方式向意义接受型方式转变;其次将化学现象制作成微课程,对激发学生求知欲望,培养研究型、合作研究型学生极为重要。     

非化学化工专业卓越班《大学化学》教学改革与实践

《大学化学》课程是理工科院校非化学化工专业的一门基础课。为了提高卓越班学生的学习积极性和主观能动性,激发学生强烈的求知欲和极大的探索热情,明确学习化学知识的重要作用及意义。根据《大学化学》这门课的内容,对《大学化学》课程的教学模式提出一些改革措施,例如案例分析、探究讨论、合作学习,加强与学生的互动交流等。以期提高学生素质,使学生更符合社会发展的要求。     

提高有机化学课程教学效果的几点体会

有机化学是大学化学专业的重要基础课程,有机化学的教学效果直接影响学生后续课程的学习质量。本文浅议了改善教学方法、培养学生兴趣、多媒体与板书恰当结合以及互动式教学等几种有助于提高有机化学教学效果的方法。     

信息化教学设计实例——反应热的测量及计算

随着计算机及网络技术的迅猛发展,信息技术逐步深入到学校教学的各个方面,传统的大学化学也面临着信息化教学的改革。针对非化学专业学生的特点,本文以《反应热的测量及计算》这节课为例,结合本校大学化学网络课程、普通化学实验虚拟软件等教学手段,进行信息化教学设计。阐述了如何利用多媒体、网络平台等信息化手段进行教学设计,从而强化学生自主学习的能力,提高教学效果,为大学化学信息化教学提供一定的理论指导。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

Inorganic/organic nanocomposite coatings: The next step in coating performance

Inorganic/organic hybrid materials have considerable promise and are beginning to become a major area of research for many coating usages, including abrasion and corrosion resistance. Our primary approach is to prepare the inorganic phase in situ within the film formation process of the organic phase. The inorganic phase is introduced via sol-gel chemistry into a thermosetting organic phase. By this method, the size, periodicity, spatial positioning, and density of the inorganic phase can be controlled. An important aspect of the inorganic/organic hybrid materials is the coupling agent. The initial task of the coupling agent is to provide uniform mixing of the oligomeric organic phase with the sol-gel precursors, which are otherwise immiscible. UV-curable inorganic/organic hybrid systems have the advantages of a rapid cure and the ability to be used on heat sensitive substrates such as molded plastics. Also, it is possible to have better control of the growth of the inorganic phase using UV curing. It is our ultimate goal to completely separate the curing of inorganic and organic phases to gain complete control over the morphology, and hence optimization of “all” the coating properties. Thus far, it has been found that concomitant UV curing of the inorganic and organic phases using titanium sol-gel precursors afforded nanocomposite coatings which completely block the substrate from UV light while maintaining a transparent to visible light. Also, it has been found that the morphology of the inorganic phase is highly dependent on the concentration and reactivity of the coupling agent. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.