2-氨基-5-甲氧基-4-[3-(吡咯烷-1-基)丙氧基]苯胺合成

以2-氨基-4-羟基-5-甲氧基苯甲酸甲酯(化合物2)和1-(3-羟丙基)四氢吡咯(化合物3)为原料,通过光延反应得到2-氨基-5-甲氧基-4-[3-(吡咯烷-1-基)丙氧基]苯胺(化合物1).通过1H-NMR和ESI-MS对化合物1的结构进行了表征,并对反应条件进行了优化.确定的最佳的反应条件为:反应溶剂为四氢呋喃,n(化合物2)∶n(偶氮二甲酸二叔丁酯)∶n(化合物3)=1 ∶ 1.2 ∶ 2.0,n(三苯基膦)∶n(化合物2)=1∶1,反应时间为3h.在此反应条件下,化合物1的收率可达到65.4％.     

4,5-(2＇,3＇-二硫基-1,4-丁二醇)-1,3-二硫杂环戊烯-2-硫酮的合成研究

通过4,5-二硫基-1,3-二硫杂戊烯-2-硫酮(DMIT)的钠盐与2,3-二溴-1,4-丁二醇的反应成功的合成了题目化合物.比较了DMIT钠盐与DMIT锌配合物(DMIT)2Zn(NBu4)2的亲核反应能力,讨论了反应时间、反应温度、碱的用量等条件对反应的影响.并用IR、1HNMR、MS对目标化合物进行了表征.     

α-(2,4-二氯-5-氟苯甲酰)-β-取代氨基丙烯酸酯的合成

以中间体2,4-二氯-5-氟苯甲酰乙酸甲酯为原料．通过与原甲酸三乙酯进行缩合,再与氨基化合物发生亲核取代反应,制备得到8种α-(2,4-二氯-5-氟苯甲酰)-β-取代氨基丙烯酸酯衍生物,并对它们的反应活性进行了研究。     

2-(4-氯苯甲基)苯并咪唑的合成及应用

以对氯苯乙腈和邻苯二胺为原料合成2-(4-氯苯甲基)苯并咪唑,讨论了影响反应产率的条件。     

9,10-二(β-萘基)蒽-2-硼酸的合成研究

以2-溴-9,10-二(β-萘基)蒽为原料,在低温条件下得到9,10-二(β-萘基)蒽-2-硼酸,并通过核磁共振、红外光谱分析、元素分析、质谱分析对其结构进行了确认和表征。并探讨了不同反应条件对收率的影响,确定了反应的最佳条件为:在-78℃下,以叔丁基锂作为锂试剂,以物质的量比为n(卤代芳烃)∶n(锂试剂)∶n(硼酸酯)=1∶5∶6,分别滴加叔丁基锂、硼酸三异丙酯,收率可达76.80%。     

烯烃复分解合成3-环戊烯-1,1-二甲醇的研究

以丙二酸二乙酯和3-氯丙烯为原料,经过亲核取代、烯烃复分解、酯还原三步反应合成了目标产物3-环戊烯-1,1-二甲醇。目标产物及中间体结构经~1HNMR、~(13)CNMR和ESI-MS确证。对关键步骤(烯烃复分解反应)的反应条件进行了考察,确定的最佳反应条件为:n(2,2-二烯丙基丙二酸二乙酯)∶n(Grubbs三代催化剂)=1∶0.03,反应溶剂为二氯甲烷,反应温度为25℃,反应时间为1.5h。     

N~1-(4-氨基丁基)-N~4-(9-蒽甲基)-1,4-丁二胺的合成

以N-叔丁氧羰基-1,4-丁二胺和N-(4-溴丁基)邻苯二甲酰亚胺为原料,经取代及保护两步反应合成N1-(4-邻苯二甲酰亚胺)丁基-N1,N4-二叔丁氧羰基-1,4-丁二胺(Ⅳ),然后肼解得N1-氨基丁基-N1,N4-二叔丁氧羰基-1,4-丁二胺(Ⅴ),3步反应总收率38%;Ⅴ与9-蒽甲醛缩合后用NaBH4还原,产物提纯后脱保护得目标产物N1-(4-氨基丁基)-N4-(9-蒽甲基)-1,4-丁二胺盐酸盐(Ⅶ),3步反应总收率约7 5%。化合物Ⅳ~Ⅶ的结构经13CNMR,1HNMR和ESI-MS确证,并对反应条件进行了初步优化。     

1-甲基-1H-苯并咪唑-4-硼酸的合成

以1-溴-3-氟-2-硝基苯为原料,经甲胺取代,锌粉还原,甲酸环化3步反应合成4-溴-1-甲基-1H-苯并咪唑,再与频哪醇硼酸酯在双(三环己基膦)二氯化钯催化下进行硼酸化,制得未见文献报道的目标化合物1-甲基-1H-苯并咪唑-4-硼酸,4步反应总收率27.4%。产品经MS和1H NMR确证。该合成工艺具有反应条件温和、操作简单的优点。     

(4-羟基-3-甲氧基苯基)（2-甲基哌啶-1-基）甲酮的合成

本文报道了（4-羟基-3-甲氧基苯基）（2-甲基哌啶-1-基）甲酮（1a）的合成。以4-羟基-3-甲氧基苯甲酸（2）和2-甲基哌啶（3）为原料,经缩合反应得到目标化合物（1a）。并考察该反应工艺,确定适宜的反应条件为：物料比为n(3)∶n(2)=1.8∶1、反应溶剂为N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、反应温度为40℃、反应时间为2h。在该条件下,产物（1a）收率达到88.6%。对该反应工艺的拓展应用发现,该条件同样适用于4-羟基-N,3-二甲氧基-N-甲基苯甲酰胺（1b）的合成,收率达到90.3%。产物结构经过1H NMR和13C NMR表征确证。     

(E)-1,8-二甲氧基-3-(3-氧代丁烯-1-基)-蒽-9,10-二酮的合成

以芦荟大黄素为原料,首先利用硫酸二甲酯对芦荟大黄素分子中的酚羟基进行选择性甲基化反应,合成1,8-二甲基氧芦荟大黄素,然后用氯铬酸吡啶盐(PCC)氧化甲基化的芦荟大黄素合成出1,8-二甲基氧芦荟大黄醛,最后使用丙酮和1,8-二甲基氧芦荟大黄醛进行Aldol缩合反应,合成了标题化合物,并用元素分析、质谱和1HNMR对所合成化合物的结构进行了表征。结果表明,使用丙酮作为溶剂,K2CO3为催化剂,在60~70℃下搅拌反应6~12 h,可以选择性、高产率得到1,8-二甲基氧芦荟大黄素。对于丙酮和1,8-二甲基氧芦荟大黄醛的Aldol缩合,超声波具有较好的促进效果。     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.