香薷挥发油与β-环糊精包合工艺的优化及其包合物的表征

以贵州省药用植物香薷新鲜地上部分为原料,采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取挥发油,采用水溶液法制备香薷挥发油β-环糊精包合物,利用星点设计-效应面法对其包合工艺进行优化,结果表明,最优包合工艺为:投料比为挥发油∶β-环糊精=1∶6. 31(m L∶g),包合时间242 min(4 h),包合温度59. 8℃。利用UV、IR、DSC和电镜扫描(SEM)对包合物进行表征,结果表明,香薷挥发油β-环糊精包合物已经形成。研究可为贵州省药用植物资源香薷的进一步开发利用提供理论依据。     

香茅挥发油的β-环糊精包合工艺探索

目的:研究β-环糊精包合香茅挥发油的最佳包合工艺。方法:采用饱和β-环糊精水溶液法制备包合物,紫外分光光度法测定包合物中挥发油含量并考察方法学稳定性,通过正交实验法测得挥发油包封率、包合物收率,再将2个指标综合考察评价包合效果。结果:包合的优选工艺是挥发油与β-环糊精比例为1∶8(mL∶g),包合温度为50℃,包合时间为3 h。结论:此工艺使挥发油固体化,制备工艺稳定性良好,便于制剂和扩大生产。     

β-环糊精包合厚朴、苍术和枳实挥发油的工艺研究

目的:优选复芪益气颗粒中挥发油的β-环糊精包合工艺。方法:以挥发油利用率和包合物收得率作为综合指标,采用正交试验法对挥发油β-CD包合物的工艺进行优化,并采用TLC法和显微法对包合物进行了分析。结果:当油与β-环糊精的用量为1:8(mL:g),包合温度为45℃,包合时间为2h,β-CD与加水量的比例为1:10(g:mL),所形成的包合物得到了TLC试验和显微证实。结论:本实验为确定厚朴、苍术和枳实混合挥发油的合理包合工艺提供了实验依据。     

优选β-CD包合荆芥、连翘混合挥发油的最佳工艺

以β-环糊精为材料,筛选包合荆芥、连翘混合挥发油的最佳工艺并对其进行包合。比较研磨、超声、搅拌三种包合方法对挥发油的包和效果,最终优选出最佳包合方法为研磨法其工艺条件为:挥发油与β-CD投料比为1∶6,加5倍量水,包合时间为60 min;经UV、TLC、DSC以及显微成像进行表征后分析结果均显示挥发油与β-CD确已形成包合物。该工艺制备的环糊精包合物的包合率高,工艺简便、可靠,为羚羊感冒方开发及现代中药制剂提供实验依据。     

茵陈、白术挥发油提取包合工艺的研究

以茵陈、白术挥发油提取量为检测指标,考察了其挥发油的最佳提取工艺.并对茵陈、白术挥发油-β-环糊精包合进行了最佳包合工艺条件的考察.研究结果表明,最佳提取工艺为:12倍水量、浸泡12h、每次蒸馏6h基本提取完全;最佳包合工艺条件为茵陈、白术挥发油与β-环糊精投料比为1:10、β-环糊精与加水量的比为1:10倍、包合时间为2.5h.得到的挥发油包结率为81.6%.用此法得到的挥发油-β-环糊精包合物的包合率较高,包合物性质稳定,且操作简单.     

假性紫罗兰酮β-环糊精包合物的制备工艺研究

利用超声法制备了假性紫罗兰酮β-环糊精包合物。在单因素试验基础上通过正交试验确定了β-环糊精对假性紫罗兰酮包合的最佳工艺条件为:假性紫罗兰酮与β-环糊精质量比1∶4,包合温度40℃,超声时间60 min。在此条件下假性紫罗兰酮β-环糊精包合物的包合率达到83.89%。验证试验表明,该工艺切实可行,重现性好。采用紫外分光光度法、红外光谱法对包合物进行了结构表征。     

几种抗结核杆菌包合物的制备与活性研究

以β-环糊精为药物载体,采用饱和水溶液法制备了吡嗪酰胺-β-环糊精包合物、异烟肼-β-环糊精包合物、异烟肼利福霉素腙-β-环糊精包合物,采用冷冻干燥法制备了胸腺五肽-β-环糊精包合物。吡嗪酰胺与β-环糊精的最佳包合工艺条件为:吡嗪酰胺与β-环糊精物质的量比1.5∶1、包合温度70℃、包合时间1.03 h,此条件下的综合评价为96.18%。异烟肼与β-环糊精的最佳包合工艺条件为:异烟肼与β-环糊精物质的量比1.5∶1、包合温度30℃、包合时间0.5 h,此条件下的综合评价为87.80%。异烟肼利福霉素腙与β-环糊精的最佳包合工艺条件为:异烟肼利福霉素腙与β-环糊精物质的量比1.5∶1、包合温度70℃、包合时间1.08 h,此条件下的综合评价为90.83%。胸腺五肽与β-环糊精的最佳包合工艺条件为:胸腺五肽与β-环糊精物质的量比1.5∶1、包合温度70℃、包合时间1.15 h,此条件下的综合评价为90.03%。包合后药物的水溶解性和热稳定性得到明显改善,具有较好的抗结核杆菌活性。     

芩香清解口服液挥发油包合工艺研究

目的:研究羟丙基倍他环糊精(HP-β-CD)包合芩香清解口服液中广藿香挥发油的最佳包合工艺。方法:以包合物含油率和挥发油利用率的综合评分作为评价指标,采用正交试验法优化包合工艺,并利用气相色谱、红外光谱和X射线衍射法、对其进行包合物验证。结果:包合物最佳制备工艺:包合温度35℃,包合时间为2.5h,广藿香挥发油︰HP-β-CD=1︰12。包合物经验证后发现HP-β-CD结构和挥发油成分在包合前后无明显变化。结论:按优选工艺验证,挥发油被包合形成稳定的包合物,且具有包合率高、工艺稳定、易溶于口服液等优点。     

硫酸亚铁-β-环糊精包合作用的研究

采用饱和水溶液法制备硫酸亚铁-β-环糊精包合物,紫外分光光度法表征了包合物的形成,并用循环伏安法进一步证实β-环糊精和硫酸亚铁的主客体包合作用。最后采用紫外分光光度法确定了硫酸亚铁-β-环糊精包合物的包合比,并测定了包合物的包合常数,结果表明,β-环糊精与硫酸亚铁可形成包合物,包合比为1：1,包合常数为57．74L/mol。     

2-巯基丙酸/β-环糊精包合物的制备及表征

采用饱和水溶液法制备2-巯基丙酸/β-环糊精包合物,利用紫外分光光度法测定包合物中2-巯基丙酸的含量,并通过正交实验对其包合工艺进行优化,结果表明:m(β-环糊精)∶m(2-巯基丙酸)=12∶1、包合温度为40℃、包合时间为5 h时,包合率达到74.95%。利用显微镜法、扫描电镜法、紫外分光光度法、红外光谱法对包合物的结构进行验证。     

乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品废水的治理技术

乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)是十分重要的化工中间体,其下游产品较多。江苏某化工厂开发生产乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品三十多个,年生产规模三万多吨,是国内以乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)为中间体生产精细化学品的综合骨干企业。针对乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品废水特点,该厂结合企业实际,开展了产品优化,结构调整,清洁生产,资源循环利用,节水降耗等工作,从源头削减了污染物的生产。同时投资二千多万元新建预处理装置三套,6000m3/d废水生化处理装置一套,使全厂乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品的废水得到了有效的治理。     

A study of miscibility of blends of polybutadienes of varying microstructure

The miscibility of various amorphous polybutadienes with mixed microstructures of 1,4 addition units (cis, 1,4 and trans 1,4) and 1,2 addition units have been investigated. The studies here involved optical transparency, differential scanning calorimetry, and small angle light scattering. It was found that a 90 percent (cis) 1, 4 addition polybutadiene was immiscible with high (91 percent) 1,2 addition polybutadiene. Reduction of the 1,2 content to 71 percent induced an upper critical solution temperature (UCST) with the cis 1,4 polymer. Polybutadienes with 50 percent and 10 percent 1,2 contents were miscible above the crystalline melting temperature of the cis 1,4 polybutadiene. Immiscibility of the 91 percent 1,2 addition polymer was also found with a 10 percent 1,2 polybutadiene. The latter polymer also exhibits an UCST with the 71 percent 1,2 polymer. The results are used to interpret the characteristics of blends of polybutadienes of varying microstructure.     

几种乙炔加压设备性能的比较

阐述并比较了几种加压设备在乙炔加压清净过程中的性能和特点。     

粉煤灰中烧失量检测的不确定度分析

以F类粉煤灰为例,详细介绍了测定粉煤灰中烧失量的步骤、计算数学模型、影响测量不确定度的因素以及各项测量不确定度分量评定,人员、设备、材料、方法、环境都是影响测量不确定的因素。     

生物油的成分分析及物性测定

以添加FeCl2的ZnCl2-KCl混合熔盐裂解纤维素和秸秆,制得生物油。采用傅立叶变换红外光谱法和气相色谱-质谱法分析生物油的成分。结果表明,生物油中成分复杂,含有氧元素、多种有机化合物,主要包括酮类、醛类、酚类及羧酸类等。测定了20～80℃生物油的密度和粘度,发现生物油的密度与温度呈较好线性关系,而生物油的粘度均大于水的粘度,且不同熔盐体系对秸秆生物油的粘度无较大影响。     

Effect of degree of deacetylation of chitosan on the kinetics of ultrasonic degradation of chitosan

The objective of the study was to explore the effect of the degree of deacetylation (DD) of the chitosan used on the degradation rate and rate constant during ultrasonic degradation. Chitin was extracted from red shrimp process waste. Four different DD chitosans were prepared from chitin by alkali deacetylation. Those chitosans were degraded by ultrasonic radiation to different molecular weights. Changes of the molecular weight were determined by light scattering, and data of molecular weight changes were used to calculate the degradation rate and rate constant. The results were as follows: The molecular weight of chitosans decreased with an increasing ultrasonication time. The curves of the molecular weight versus the ultrasonication time were broken at 1‐h treatment. The degradation rate and rate constant of sonolysis decreased with an increasing ultrasonication time. This may be because the chances of being attacked by the cavitation energy increased with an increasing molecular weight species and may be because smaller molecular weight species have shorter relaxation times and, thus, can alleviate the sonication stress easier. However, the degradation rate and rate constant of sonolysis increased with an increasing DD of the chitosan used. This may be because the flexibilitier molecules of higher DD chitosans are more susceptible to the shear force of elongation flow generated by the cavitation field or due to the bond energy difference of acetamido and β‐1,4‐glucoside linkage or hydrogen bonds. Breakage of the β‐1,4‐glucoside linkage will result in lower molecular weight and an increasing reaction rate and rate constant. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 90: 3526–3531, 2003     

分解炉扩径的技术改造

我厂3号回转窑(Φ4m×60m)生产线在1996年年底由SP窑(产量912t/d)改为NSP窑(产量1320t/d),预分解系统为四级旋风预热器带离线式分解炉     

Process of acceleration of filtration of viscose

Conclusions It is significant that the purification on a single passage of viscose through porous ceramic corresponds to the result of a two-stage filtration of it in industrial filter-presses with standard fillings.Kiev Combine. Kiev Technological Institute of Light Industry. Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 3, pp. 20–22, May–June, 1969.