避蚊酯的毒性试验

研究了避蚊酯原药的急性和亚慢性毒性及致突变性。结果显示:大鼠经口LD50雌性为10000mg/kg,雄性为12100mg/kg,大鼠经皮LD50雌雄性均大于2000mg/kg。家兔急性皮肤刺激试验,对皮肤的刺激强度属无刺激性。家兔眼刺激试验,对眼的刺激强度属中度刺激性。小鼠骨髓多染红细胞微核试验和小鼠睾丸精母细胞染色体畸变试验均为阴性。大鼠亚慢性经口毒性试验,对体重、摄食量、食物利用率、血液指标及血液生化指标均无明显影响,11000mg/kg饲料组雌性大鼠肾/体比、雄性大鼠肝/体比可见增高。病理检查发现,11000mg/kg饲料组4只大鼠可见肝脏1￣2个小炎症灶,2只大鼠少数肾小管上皮细胞肿胀。最大无作用剂量为:雌性大鼠393.67±26.98mg/kg·d,雄性大鼠336.65±26.38mg/kg·d。     

制蚜菌素毒性研究

研究制蚜菌素的急性、亚慢性毒性及致突变性结果表明,急性经口LD50雌雄性大鼠均为38.3mg/kg,雄性小鼠为38.3mg/kg,雌性小鼠为17.8mg/kg,急性经皮LD50雄性大鼠为1470mg/kg,雌性大鼠为1210mg/kg;小鼠骨髓多染红细胞微核试验、小鼠睾丸精母细胞染色体畸变试验及Ames试验结果均为阴性。大鼠亚慢性经口毒性无作用剂量雄性大鼠为(0.18±0.01)mg/(kg.d),雌性大鼠为(0.22±0.02)mg/(kg.d)。     

灭蝇胺的毒性研究

大鼠经口LD50雄性为>4640mg／kg,雌性为3160(1860～5386)mg/kg,欠鼠经皮LD50>2000mg/kg,对家兔眼有轻度刺激作用,但无皮肤刺激作用。 Ames试验、微核试验阴性,无致突变性,大鼠三个月亚慢性毒性试验未见异常的组织病理学改变,最大无作用剂量雄、雌性分别为13．39±1．26mg／kg和14．56±1．08mg/kg。灭蝇胺属低毒农药。     

植物生长调节剂菊乙胺酯的毒理试验

采用经口、经皮、眼刺激、皮肤试验方法,研究植物生长调节剂菊乙胺酯(WD-5)的毒性作用。结果表明,菊乙胺酯经口急性毒性LD50大于500 mg/kg,经皮急性毒性LD50大于2500 mg/kg,按农药急性毒性分级标准判定为低毒级化合物。对家兔皮肤无刺激性,对家兔眼睛在涂药后4 s冲洗的条件下呈现轻度刺激性。     

农药毒菌锡的毒性研究

本研究按照农药登记毒理学试验方法(GB15670－1995),对毒菌锡原药进行了大鼠急性经口毒性试验,蓄积性毒性试验,亚慢性(90天)混饲经口毒性试验,小鼠骨髓细胞微核率,小鼠睾丸初级精母细胞染色体畸变率试验,以及Ames试验和皮肤致敏试验.结果显示雌、雄大鼠急性经口毒性(LD50)分别为162、200mg／kg,蓄积系数≥1.亚慢性毒性试验结果显示最大无作用剂量为1．6mg／kg.小鼠骨髓细胞微核率,小鼠睾丸初级精母细胞染色体畸变率试验,以及Ames试验和皮肤致敏试验结果均为阴性.     

氯化苦急性经口、经皮、吸入毒性试验

[目的]检测氯化苦经消化道、皮肤和呼吸道3种暴露途径引起动物的中毒症状、死亡率及半数致死剂量,为急性毒性分级和生产使用防护提供科学的资料。[方法]GB 15670—1995《农药登记毒理学试验方法》中急性经口、经皮、吸入染毒方法。[结果]氯化苦急性经口LD50:雌性为369(271~501)mg/kg,雄性为316 mg/kg,经皮LD50雌雄大鼠均为926(636~1 350)mg/kg,吸入LC50(2 h)雌雄大鼠均为316 mg/m3。[结论]该实验室条件下,氯化苦对大鼠急性经口、经皮、吸入毒性均属于中等毒。     

啶氧菌酯原药毒性评价

[目的]测定啶氧菌酯原药的毒性。[方法]采用OECD化学品测试指南(TG 423、402、404、405、406、403)进行了啶氧菌酯原药大鼠急性经口、经皮、吸入毒性试验、兔皮肤刺激及眼刺激试验、豚鼠皮肤致敏试验。对毒性结果按照GHS分类标准进行毒性分级。[结果]大鼠急性经口LD_(50)为300~2000 mg/kg,GHS分类为4;大鼠急性经皮肤毒性LD_(50)2000 mg/kg,GHS分类5;大鼠急性吸入毒性LC_(50)4537 mg/m~3,毒性分类4。兔急性眼刺激性及皮肤刺激试验结果为无刺激性,不满足GHS分类;豚鼠皮肤致敏为阴性,不满足GHS分类。[结论]啶氧菌酯为低毒杀菌剂。     

杀螨脒的毒性研究

98%纯度的原药大、小鼠急性经口LD_(50)为104(雌)、129(雄)和145(雄)、151(雌)毫克/公斤;雄大鼠经皮MLD>2克/公斤,药剂对家兔皮肤和眼无刺激/腐蚀作用;对豚鼠皮肤无致敏作用,大鼠蓄积毒性属弱蓄积性;大鼠致畸试验未发现胚胎毒性和致畸作用。由Ames试验、小鼠骨髓细胞微核试验和染色体畸变试验及睾丸初级精母细胞染色体畸变试验所组成的致突变测试系统,检测结果未发现诱变作用。     

己酸二乙氨基乙醇酯亚慢性经口毒性

按照GB15670-1995的要求进行了己酸二乙氨基乙醇酯（DA-6）90d的亚慢性经口毒性试验。结果显示,与对照组相比,雌、雄性大鼠高剂量组的体重增长明显减慢（p〈0．05）;雄性大鼠高剂量组AST、ALB两项指标升高（p〈0．05）,肝、肺脏器系数增长（p〈0．05）。高、中剂量组雌、雄性大鼠发生心肌小灶炎症和肾脏小灶炎症的动物数明显增多。根据试验结果,受检样品己酸二乙氨基乙醇酯对大鼠的无作用剂量为：雄性40．2mg/kg bw／d,雌性49．1mg／kg bw／d。     

氯胺嘧草醚原药的急性毒性试验研究

目的:评价新型除草剂氯胺嘧草醚的急性毒性,为制定生产和应用过程中的防护措施提供依据.方法:按GB15670-1995《农药登记毒理学试验方法》进行.结果:氯胺嘧草醚对雌雄大鼠的急性经口LD50均大于5000mg/kg;急性吸入LC50＞2000 mg/kg;对新西兰种兔的急性眼刺激积分指数(I.A.O.I.)最高值为4；眼刺激平均指数(M.I.O.I.)48 h后为0;皮肤刺激强度平均分值为0.结论:氯胺嘧苹醚经口和经皮毒性属于低毒,吸入毒性属于低毒,对眼睛和皮肤均无刺激性.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

ICP-MS法测定地球化学样品中As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量痕量元素的研究

建立了测定地球化学样品中包括As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量、痕量元素的ICP-MS方法。地化试样用HF-HNO3混酸分解后,以1 1 HNO3溶解干渣。由于制样不使用盐酸,避免了Cl对As、Cr、Ge、V的质谱干扰。用国家一级地球化学标准物质GBW 07309制备溶液优化仪器工作参数,并用于校准。方法测定限(6s)为:0.007~6.4μg/g,精密度(RSD%,n=12)为:29%~9.4%,经过国家一级地球化学标准物质的分析验证,结果与标准值吻合。方法已应用于国土资源调查的试样分析。