Co3O4-MMT催化剂的制备及其N2O催化分解性能

以MMT为载体，采用原位聚合-配位沉积法制备3种不同Co负载量的Co₃O₄-MMT催化剂。采用N₂物理吸附、XRD和TEM对载体和催化剂进行表征，并在连续流动微反装置上考察其N₂O催化分解性能。结果表明，与Co₃O₄催化剂相比，Co₃O₄-MMT催化剂的比表面积显著增大，且活性组分Co₃O₄具有较高的分散状态。Co₃O₄-MMT催化剂的催化活性随着Co含量的增加先升后降，其中0.015Co-MMT表现出最佳的催化活性，其活性远高于Co₃O₄催化剂，同时，该催化剂还表现出良好的催化稳定性和较好的杂质气体耐受性。     

Co3O4-Bi2O2CO3催化剂的制备及其光催化性能

以Bi(NO₃)₃·5H₂O、Co(CH₃COO)₂·4H₂O为原料,采用化学沉淀-水热法制备了Co₃O₄-Bi₂O₂CO₃异质结构复合半导体光催化剂,并通过X射线衍射仪（XRD）、扫描电镜（SEM）、X射线光电子能谱（XPS）、紫外可见漫反射光谱（DRS）、荧光光谱（PL）等手段对所合成的复合型催化剂进行了理化性能表征。研究结果表明：引入Co₃O₄没有改变Bi₂O₂CO₃物相结构,但促进了Bi₂O₂CO₃ 对可见光的吸收能力,提高了Bi₂O₂CO₃表面吸附氧物种的数量,抑制了光生载流子复合。复合光催化剂对罗丹明B（RhB）的光催化脱色实验显示引入Co₃O₄能够明显提高Bi₂O₂CO₃催化剂的光催化脱色能力。尤其是Co₃O₄引入量为0.6%的Co₃O₄-Bi₂O₂CO₃样品对罗丹明B染料的光催化脱色率可达到97%（模拟日光照射30min）。本文为复合型光催化剂制备提供了简单易行的技术路线,制备的新型半导体复合光催化剂Co₃O₄-Bi₂O₂CO₃在环境净化方面表现出了较好的应用前景。     

新型合成气甲烷化催化剂La2O3-ZrO2-Ni/Al2O3的制备与性能

针对常规合成气甲烷化催化剂高热结构稳定性差、活性低、适应性差等不足,本文创新地引用稀土金属氧化物La₂O₃复配过渡金属氧化物ZrO₂作为多功能复合助剂,利用反向沉淀法制备了新型合成气甲烷化催化剂La₂O₃-ZrO₂-Ni/Al₂O₃,同时制备催化剂Cr₂O₃-Ni/Al₂O₃作为参照组。采用X射线衍射（XRD）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）表征了催化剂的微观结构,并利用N₂吸附仪（BET）测量催化剂经高温水热处理前后的微孔结构参数,以考察催化剂的高热结构稳定性。结合国内某大型煤制天然气项目工艺特征和运行实践,应用Aspen Plus软件模拟了四段甲烷化工艺理论平衡值。基于自主固定床合成气甲烷化评价实验装置,考察了反应压力、空速和原料气H₂O(g)含量等因素对La₂O₃-ZrO₂-Ni/Al₂O₃催化性能的影响,并开展了1000h长周期寿命评价实验。结果表明,La₂O₃-ZrO₂-Ni/Al₂O₃比Cr₂O₃-Ni/Al₂O₃具有更优的高热结构稳定性;可使CO和CO₂反应达到或接近催化剂床层出口温度下的理论平衡状态,呈现显著的宽温活性;活性组分NiO晶粒尺寸介于7~10nm,分散度较高;对反应压力、空速和原料气H₂O(g)含量的变化不敏感,具有良好的操作弹性;1000h反应后仍能保持较高的活性和稳定性。     

Co3O4镀银对BH4-水解的抑制及在DBFC中的应用

硼氢化物水解是导致直接硼氢化物燃料电池（DBFC）燃料效率下降的主要问题之一。将Co₃O₄用于DBFC阳极催化剂并通过镀银处理以降低水解反应。以CoCl₂·6H₂O为原料制备Co₃O₄，并通过银镜反应对其进行镀银处理，制得Co₃O₄@Ag。通过X射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和能谱（EDS）对其进行物理表征，通过交流阻抗（EIS）、计时电流（CA）和电池测试对其电化学性能进行表征。结果表明，利用银镜反应成功地将Ag引入到催化剂体系，且Co₃O₄@Ag催化材料的含银量为2%。电化学测试表明，与Co₃O₄相比Co₃O₄@Ag具有更高的电催化活性。以Co₃O₄@Ag为阳极催化剂组装的燃料电池在室温下最大功率密度（55 mW·cm^-2）和比容量（971 mA·h·g^-1）较Co₃O₄分别提高了44.7%和32.1%，阳极催化剂性能得到显著提高。Ag在抑制水解反应的同时与Co₃O₄体现了协同催化的作用。     

O2/H2O燃烧方式下石灰石的间接硫化反应特性

利用水平管式炉和热重实验台架,对O₂/H₂O、O₂/N₂和O₂/CO₂ 3种不同燃烧方式下石灰石的间接硫化反应特性进行了研究。重点探究了燃烧方式、水蒸气浓度对石灰石间接硫化反应的影响规律与机理。同时,对硫化产物进行了X射线荧光光谱（XRF）、X射线衍射（XRD）、孔结构特性和扫描电镜（SEM）分析。结果表明,O₂/H₂O燃烧方式相比于相同氧浓度下的O₂/N₂和O₂/CO₂燃烧方式,石灰石间接硫化反应的钙转化率在化学反应控制阶段基本相同,在扩散控制阶段O₂/H₂O燃烧方式下的钙转化率有显著的提高。主要原因是水蒸气促进了硫化反应后期产物层内的固态离子扩散。此外,O₂/H₂O燃烧方式下,不同的水蒸气浓度对石灰石的钙转化率基本没有影响。     

Cu2O/TiO2催化甲醛乙炔化反应的载体效应

以不同温度焙烧的TiO₂为载体,CuCl₂·2H₂O为铜源,NaOH为沉淀剂,L-抗坏血酸钠为还原剂,采用液相还原-沉积沉淀法制备了Cu₂O/TiO₂,借助X射线粉末衍射（XRD）、H₂程序升温还原（H₂-TPR）、N₂-物理吸附、透射电镜（TEM）、X射线光电子能谱（XPS）等手段,研究了TiO₂载体焙烧温度对Cu₂O/TiO₂甲醛乙炔化反应性能的影响。结果表明,低温焙烧得到的TiO₂载体以锐钛矿相存在,与Cu₂O物种间具有弱的相互作用,使得Cu₂O被过度还原为金属Cu,催化活性较低。随着载体焙烧温度的升高,TiO₂中出现金红石相,Cu₂O与载体间相互作用增强,Cu₂O高效转变为乙炔亚铜活性物种,使催化剂表现出最佳的催化性能。     

成型条件对Co/ZSM-5催化剂催化分解N2O性能影响

采用挤条成型法制备Co/ZSM-5催化剂，通过X射线衍射、BET比表面积、氢气程序升温还原（H₂-TPR）、氨气程序升温脱附法（NH₃-TPD）和颗粒径向抗压碎（侧压）强度测试对催化剂进行表征，在固定床微型反应器中评价催化剂催化分解N₂O活性，对Co/ZSM-5(N-50)催化剂进行稳定性测试。结果表明，钴物种以Co₃O₄尖晶石氧化物形式存在于Co/ZSM-5催化剂中，胶溶剂种类显著影响催化剂抗压碎强度；黏合剂用量影响催化剂抗压碎强度、酸量、氧化还原性和催化剂催化分解N₂O活性；以硝酸为胶溶剂，黏合剂（SB粉）用量为30%和50%制备的催化剂，抗压碎强度大，分别为208N/cm和230N/cm，催化分解N₂O温度T ₉₅分别为485℃和500℃。在固定床微型反应器中，模拟工业尾气组成（ {\phi }_{{\mathrm{N}}_2\mathrm{O}} =11%、 {\phi }_{{\mathrm{O}}_2} =16%、N₂为平衡气），反应温度446℃、空速6000h^-1条件下，Co/ZSM-5(N-50)催化剂在1000h稳定性测试中表现出良好的催化活性和稳定性，N₂O转化率高于98%。     

Co/RPSA系列催化剂在N2O分解中的应用

采用正交试验设计方法设计和浸渍法制备分子筛RPSA负载Co、K、Ba和Sr催化剂,使用微型反应器评价催化剂用于直接分解N₂O的催化活性,考察活性组分对催化剂活性的影响。采用XRD、H₂-TPR和NH₃-TPD等方法对催化剂进行表征。结果表明,金属Co和K对催化剂活性影响显著,Co对提高催化剂活性有促进作用,Co含量增加,催化剂活性提高,而K对催化剂活性有抑制作用。催化剂表征结果显示,Co物种主要以Co₃O₄形式存在于载体表面,催化剂的组成和配比影响催化剂活性、氧化还原性能和酸性,催化剂强酸的存在有利于催化剂活性的提高。
     

磁性MgFe2O4及其核壳催化剂制备与煤热解性能研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制得MgFe₂O₄前体,经焙烧得到MgFe₂O₄催化剂,再经St?ber法制得核壳结构催化剂MgFe₂O₄@SiO₂和MgFe₂O₄@SiO₂@HZSM-5(MSH),利用VSM、XRD、SEM、FT-IR、N₂物理吸附等手段研究了催化剂的磁性能和结构特征;在固定床反应器上,考察了N₂气氛下磁性催化剂对补连塔富油煤的催化热解特性及回收再生性能。结果表明：MgFe₂O₄为立方尖晶石结构,饱和磁化强度达到181.50 emu/g,具有良好热稳定性能。上述系列磁性催化剂均呈现出良好的催化活性,其中MSH催化活性最好。与非催化热解相比,MSH催化热解焦油产率提高了57.7%,焦油中脂肪烃和苯类含量增加约2倍,稠环芳烃含量下降8.6%~9.8%。采用磁选方法可有效实现催化剂回收,经700℃下焙烧处理,可实现回收催化剂的再生。SiO₂包覆有助于提高核壳结构催化剂的磁热稳定性和催化寿命。     

磁性MgFe2O4及其核壳催化剂制备与煤热解性能研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制得MgFe₂O₄前体,经焙烧得到MgFe₂O₄催化剂,再经St?ber法制得核壳结构催化剂MgFe₂O₄@SiO₂和MgFe₂O₄@SiO₂@HZSM-5(MSH),利用VSM、XRD、SEM、FT-IR、N₂物理吸附等手段研究了催化剂的磁性能和结构特征;在固定床反应器上,考察了N₂气氛下磁性催化剂对补连塔富油煤的催化热解特性及回收再生性能。结果表明：MgFe₂O₄为立方尖晶石结构,饱和磁化强度达到181.50 emu/g,具有良好热稳定性能。上述系列磁性催化剂均呈现出良好的催化活性,其中MSH催化活性最好。与非催化热解相比,MSH催化热解焦油产率提高了57.7%,焦油中脂肪烃和苯类含量增加约2倍,稠环芳烃含量下降8.6%~9.8%。采用磁选方法可有效实现催化剂回收,经700℃下焙烧处理,可实现回收催化剂的再生。SiO₂包覆有助于提高核壳结构催化剂的磁热稳定性和催化寿命。     

Cu-Mn氧化物催化N_2O直接分解性能

分别以Cu(NO_3)_2·3H_2O和50%Mn(NO_3)_2水溶液为铜源和锰源,K_2CO_3为沉淀剂,采用沉淀法和共沉淀法制备单一Cu、Mn氧化物催化剂和Cu-Mn-O复合氧化物催化剂,用于催化N_2O直接分解反应,并利用N_2物理吸附-脱附、XRD、FT-IR和TPR等进行表征。结果表明,单一Cu和Mn氧化物分别以体相CuO和Mn2O_3物相形式存在,Cu-Mn-O复合氧化物中除形成CuMn_2O_4尖晶石物相外,还有一定量小晶粒CuO,较单一氧化物具有更加优异的还原性能,表现出较高的催化N_2O直接分解活性。在空速10 000 h~(-1)和N_2O体积分数0.1%条件下,Cu-Mn-O复合氧化物催化剂可在440℃催化N_2O完全分解,分别较单一Cu和Mn氧化物催化剂降低了40℃和60℃。     

Promotion effect of residual K on the decomposition of N2O over cobalt–cerium mixed oxide catalyst

A series of cobalt–cerium mixed oxide catalysts (Co₃O₄–CeO₂) with a Ce/Co molar ratio of 0.05 were prepared by co-precipitation (with K₂CO₃ and KOH as the respective precipitant), impregnation, citrate, and direct evaporation methods and then tested for the catalytic decomposition of N₂O. XRD, BET, XPS, O₂-TPD and H₂-TPR methods were used to characterize the catalysts. Catalysts with a trace amount of residual K exhibited higher catalytic activities than those without. The presence of appropriate amount of K in Co₃O₄–CeO₂ may improve the redox property of Co₃O₄, which is important for the decomposition of N₂O. When the amount of K was constant, the surface area became the most important factor for the reaction. The co-precipitation-prepared catalyst with K₂CO₃ as precipitant exhibited the best catalytic performance because of the presence of ca. 2 mol% residual K and the high surface area. We also discussed the rate-determining step of the N₂O decomposition reaction over these Co₃O₄–CeO₂ catalysts.     

Catalytic decomposition of N2O over CeO2 promoted Co3O4 spinel catalyst

A series of CeO₂ promoted cobalt spinel catalysts were prepared by the co-precipitation method and tested for the decomposition of nitrous oxide (N₂O). Addition of CeO₂ to Co₃O₄ led to an improvement in the catalytic activity for N₂O decomposition. The catalyst was most active when the molar ratio of Ce/Co was around 0.05. Complete N₂O conversion could be attained over the CoCe0.05 catalyst below 400 °C even in the presence of O₂, H₂O or NO. Methods of XRD, FE-SEM, BET, XPS, H₂-TPR and O₂-TPD were used to characterize these catalysts. The analytical results indicated that the addition of CeO₂ could increase the surface area of Co₃O₄, and then improve the reduction of Co³⁺ to Co²⁺ by facilitating the desorption of adsorbed oxygen species, which is the rate-determining step of the N₂O decomposition over cobalt spinel catalyst. We conclude that these effects, caused by the addition of CeO₂, are responsible for the enhancement of catalytic activity of Co₃O₄.     

Catalytic decomposition of N2O over supported Rh catalysts: effects of supports and Rh dispersion

The study of catalytic decomposition of nitrous oxide to nitrogen and oxygen over Rh catalysts supported on various supports (USY, NaY, Al₂O₃, ZrO₂, FSM-16, CeO₂, La₂O₃) showed that the activities of Rh/Al₂O₃ and Rh/USY (ultrastable Y zeolite) catalysts were comparable to or higher than the other catalysts reported in the literatures. The catalytic activity of N₂O decomposition was sensitive not only to the Rh dispersion but also to the preparation variables such as the Rh precursors and the supports used. A pulsed N₂O experiment over a Rh/USY catalyst suggested that the catalytic N₂O decomposition occurs on oxygen-covered surface and that O₂ may be freed on collision of N₂O molecules with the adsorbed oxygen atoms.     

The role of carbon surface chemistry in N2O conversion to N2 over Ni catalyst supported on activated carbon

The effect of acidic treatments on N₂O reduction over Ni catalysts supported on activated carbon was systematically studied. The catalysts were characterized by N₂ adsorption, mass titration, temperature-programmed desorption (TPD), and X-ray photoelectron spectrometry (XPS). It is found that surface chemistry plays an important role in N₂O-carbon reaction catalyzed by Ni catalyst. HNO₃ treatment produces more active acidic surface groups such as carboxyl and lactone, resulting in a more uniform catalyst dispersion and higher catalytic activity. However, HCl treatment decreases active acidic groups and increases the inactive groups, playing an opposite role in the catalyst dispersion and catalytic activity. A thorough discussion of the mechanism of the N₂O catalytic reduction is made based upon results from isothermal reactions, temperature-programmed reactions (TPR) and characterization of catalysts. The effect of acidic treatment on pore structure is also discussed.     

M_(0.5)Co_(2.5)O_4(M=La,Ce,Pr,Nd)尖晶石型复合氧化物催化剂催化分解N_2O性能

采用共沉淀法制备了M_(0.5)Co_(2.5)O_4(M=La,Ce,Pr,Nd)钴基尖晶石型复合氧化物催化剂,运用XRD、SEM、H_2-TPR和O_2-TPD-TG等对催化剂物化性能进行表征,并在固定床微型反应器中评价催化剂催化分解N_2O性能。结果表明,稀土金属掺杂改性的钴基尖晶石型复合氧化物催化剂粒径明显减小,比表面积增加,氧化还原性能得到改善,催化分解N_2O活性提高,其中,M_(0.5)Co_(2.5)O_4催化剂催化分解N2O温度低,T10和T95分别为342℃和499℃。     

负载型钴锰复合金属氧化物催化剂催化分解N_2O

以ZrO_2为载体,采用浸渍法制备负载型钴锰复合金属氧化物催化剂,研究催化剂活性组分负载量、Co与Mn物质的量比、焙烧条件及含H_2O气氛对N_2O转化率的影响。结果表明,催化剂最佳制备条件为:活性组分Co负载质量分数3%,Co与Mn物质的量比为1∶1,焙烧升温速率2℃·min-1,焙烧温度900℃。该条件制备的负载型钴锰复合金属氧化物催化剂在反应温度850℃时,N_2O转化率达98.7%。当反应气氛中H_2O体积分数小于20%条件下,850℃时N_2O转化率高于90%,表明催化剂具有较强的抗水性能。     

Superior performance of Ir-substituted hexaaluminate catalysts for N2O decomposition

Novel Ir-substituted hexaaluminate catalysts were developed for the first time and used for catalytic decomposition of high concentration of N₂O. The catalysts were prepared by one-pot precipitation and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), N₂-adsorption, scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) and temperature-programmed reduction (H₂-TPR). The XRD results showed that only a limited amount of iridium was incorporated into the hexaaluminate lattice by substituting Al³⁺ to form BaIr_xFe_1−xAl₁₁O₁₉ after being calcined at 1200 °C, while the other part of iridium existed as IrO₂ phase. The activity tests for high concentration (30%, v/v) of N₂O decomposition demonstrated that the BaIr_xFe_1−xAl₁₁O₁₉ hexaaluminates exhibited much higher activities and stabilities than the Ir/Al₂O₃-1200, and the pre-reduction with H₂ was essential for activating the catalysts. By comparing BaIr_xFe_1−xAl₁₁O₁₉ with BaIr_xAl_12−xO₁₉ (x = 0–0.8), it was found that iridium was the active component in the N₂O decomposition and the framework iridium was more active than the large IrO₂ particles. On the other hand, Fe facilitated the formation of hexaaluminate as well as the incorporation of iridium into the framework.     

Fe, Co and Cu-incorporated TUD-1: Synthesis, characterization and catalytic performance in N2O decomposition and cyclohexane oxidation

Fe, Co and Cu-TUD-1 were prepared with different metal loadings (Si/M ratio = 100, 50, 20 and 10). As a function of increasing metal loading either isolated metal atoms, nano-particles of M-oxide and/or bulk M-oxide crystals in the silicate matrix were obtained, respectively. The materials were fully characterized by means of XRD, UV–vis, elemental analysis, N₂ sorption measurements and HR-TEM. The catalytic performance of the prepared materials was tested in gas phase N₂O decomposition and in liquid phase oxidation of cyclohexane. Results of N₂O decomposition showed that a low M-loading is beneficial for the catalysis and leads to a high TOF, Co-TUD-1 being the most active catalyst. This suggests that the nano-particles observed in many catalysts are not dominating the N₂O decomposition rate, and that active phase entities ranging from isolated to polynuclear sites are the most active. The performance of the TUD-1 catalysts is significantly lower than reported for the microporous Fe, Co and Cu analogues. In the oxidation of cyclohexane with TBHP, Cu-TUD-1 showed the highest activity but also significant leaching. Co-TUD-1 did not show any leaching and is thus the best applicable catalyst in cyclohexane oxidation.