UCT工艺处理生活污水的实验研究

采用气提式UCT工艺处理高氨氮城市生活污水,研究了启动和稳定运行阶段系统对COD、NH⁺_4-N和TP的去除规律。结果表明,经过19 d的启动,对COD和NH+_4-N和TP的去除规律。结果表明,经过19 d的启动,对COD和NH⁺_4-N的平均去除率分别为86.17%和83.04%;稳定运行后,系统对COD、NH+_4-N的平均去除率分别为86.17%和83.04%;稳定运行后,系统对COD、NH⁺_4-N和TP的平均去除率分别为82.94%,97.84%和58.31%,出水平均浓度分别为36,1.9,5.34 mg/L,COD、NH+_4-N和TP的平均去除率分别为82.94%,97.84%和58.31%,出水平均浓度分别为36,1.9,5.34 mg/L,COD、NH⁺_4-N均达到GB 18918—2002《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》一级A排放标准。70%的COD在厌氧区和缺氧区被利用,进水中较高浓度的NH+_4-N均达到GB 18918—2002《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》一级A排放标准。70%的COD在厌氧区和缺氧区被利用,进水中较高浓度的NH⁺_4-N对COD去除没有影响,好氧区采用大曝气量去除高浓度NH+_4-N对COD去除没有影响,好氧区采用大曝气量去除高浓度NH⁺_4-N,硝化效果较好,NH+_4-N,硝化效果较好,NH⁺_4-N最高去除率为99.73%,基本实现NH+_4-N最高去除率为99.73%,基本实现NH⁺_4-N零排放。在UCT工艺中,高氨氮生活污水有利于缺氧区的反硝化除磷,排泥能显著降低出水TP浓度。     

外加剩余污泥水解酸化液碳源时曝气生物滤池的生物脱氮性能

利用剩余污泥水解酸化液作为外加碳源研究中部曝气和底部曝气曝气生物滤池(BAF)处理低碳氮比生活污水时的生物脱氮性能。结果表明,碳源与污水投配的流量比以及是否回流对BAF生物脱氮效果影响明显,气水流量比和回流流量比对BAF生物脱氮效果有一定影响;进水NH4+-N、TN质量浓度和COD分别为43.11、45.07、29.2mg.L-1时,中部曝气BAF的NH4+-N和TN去除率分别为99.04%和78.32%,出水COD为32.4 mg.L-1;底部曝气BAF的NH4+-N和TN去除率分别为98.61%和68.99%,出水COD为28.4 mg.L-1。研究表明,BAF在2种运行方式下可获得良好的硝化与反硝化性能,且不会引起二次污染。     

间歇运行的MBR工艺处理农村生活污水的中试研究

采用间歇运行的一体化膜生物反应器(MBR)处理农村生活污水,对此工艺的技术可行性进行分析.试验结果表明,出水COD平均值为46 mg·L-1,平均去除率为68.3％,出水NH4+-N质量浓度平均值为323 mg· L-1,平均去除率为65.3％,出水TN质量浓度平均值为712 mg·L-1,平均去除率为65.8％,所测各指标均满足北京市水污染物排放标准( DB11/307-2005)中一级B的排放标准,中试系统未设置严格的厌氧区,反硝化效果不明显,出水TN以NH4+-N和NOx-N为主.试验对膜通量变化和膜污染情况进行了观察,结果表明经过反冲洗后的膜组件,膜通量可以维持在35 L·m2·h-1以上,跨膜压力可保证在0.02 MPa以下.     

UCT工艺处理生活污水的实验研究

采用气提式UCT工艺处理高氨氮城市生活污水,研究了启动和稳定运行阶段系统对COD、NH~+_4-N和TP的去除规律。结果表明,经过19 d的启动,对COD和NH~+_4-N的平均去除率分别为86.17%和83.04%;稳定运行后,系统对COD、NH~+_4-N和TP的平均去除率分别为82.94%,97.84%和58.31%,出水平均浓度分别为36,1.9,5.34 mg/L,COD、NH~+_4-N均达到GB 18918—2002《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》一级A排放标准。70%的COD在厌氧区和缺氧区被利用,进水中较高浓度的NH~+_4-N对COD去除没有影响,好氧区采用大曝气量去除高浓度NH~+_4-N,硝化效果较好,NH~+_4-N最高去除率为99.73%,基本实现NH~+_4-N零排放。在UCT工艺中,高氨氮生活污水有利于缺氧区的反硝化除磷,排泥能显著降低出水TP浓度。     

UCT工艺处理生活污水的启动运行

采用生活污水启动以升流式反应系统实现的UCT工艺系统.研究了启动过程中系统对COD、NH4+-N、NO3+-N、NO2+-N、PO43+-P等指标去除率及出水质量浓度的变化情况,试验结果表明,UCT工艺稳定运行后,系统对COD的去除率达到85％以上;对NH4+-N去除率可达到97％以上,甚至有时去除率达到100％,NH4+-N零排放;对TN的去除率稳定在75％左右;对PO43+-P的去除率达到为80％.除总磷只达到一级B标准外,试验出水的水质指标均能满足城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准(GB 18918 - 2002)中一级A的要求.     

A~2/O淹没式生物膜工艺处理城镇污水的研究

山东省东阿县污水处理厂一期工程采用厌氧-缺氧-淹没式生物膜法(A2/O)工艺处理城镇污水。COD平均去除率为93.8%,出水平均COD为22.7 mg.L-1;NH3-N和PO43--P平均去除率为97.6%和76.0%,出水平均质量浓度为0.87、0.78 mg.L-1,出水满足城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准(GB 18918-2002)一级A标准。研究还发现厌氧池中存在厌氧氨氧化反硝化协同反应,NH3-N、NO3--N平均去除量分别为2.43、4.11 mg.L-1。     

超滤膜在城市污水深度处理技术中的研究

本文分析了鄂尔多斯市达拉特旗污水处理厂污水中COD、NH4+-N、TP出水浓度水质特征以及经过MBR工艺处理后进出水浓度变化过程,结果表明:该工艺对COD、NH4+-N的平均去除率分别为94.78%、96.88%;试验平均出水COD浓度为31.42mg/L,NH4+-N浓度为1.99mg/L,均达到了《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准(GB18918-2002)》的一级A标准,可见该工艺对城市生活污水的有机污染物和氨氮有很好的去除效果。但是试验对污水中TP的平均去除率只有67.00%,平均出水TP浓度为1.84mg/L,远高于国家城市污水排放标准中的TP的排放限值。     

海南火山岩滤料BAF工艺的高温挂膜启动中试研究

通过构建上向流曝气生物滤池(BAF)污水处理系统,在高温(28～30℃)条件下,试验了基于海南火山岩滤料的BAF处理城市污水的挂膜启动过程。结果表明,高温条件下挂膜启动时间较中低温大大缩短。25 d后挂膜启动完成,此时COD、NH4+-N的去除率分别稳定在80%、98%,出水COD和NH4+-N的质量浓度分别稳定在50 mg/L和5mg/L以下,水质良好且运行稳定,满足GB 18918-2002中规定的一级A排放要求。证明海南火山岩滤料挂膜性能良好,具实用价值。     

CANON工艺脱氮处理二沉池出水的研究

采用一套有效容积为150mL的上向流生物滤池反应器,接种实验室所培养的厌氧氨氧化污泥,在反应器停止运行约1年后,以自配的含NH4+-N和N02-N废水为进水,恢复启动CANON工艺.反应器启动成功后,以二沉池出水为对象,进行脱氮处理研究.试验结果表明,通过控制进水基质溶解氧的方法,经厌氧氨氧化过程转化,成功启动了CANON工艺,共耗时38d,NH4+-N的容积负荷为168g·m-3·d-1,NH4+-N的去除率在90%左右,TN的去除率在70%左右.在二沉池出水NH4+-N质量浓度为25-35mg·L-1,COD为40-60mg·L-1,UV254为0.6-0.9cm-1,HRT为3h,DO质量浓度在0.4 mg·L-1左右的条件下,稳定运行25d,NH4+-N的去除率在95%左右,TN的去除率在65%左右,COD和UV254的平均去除率分别为17%与4%.     

CWSBR(R)工艺在低温寒冷地区的应用

五大连池污水处理厂采用CWSBR(R)工艺,其特点是单池连续进、出水且水位恒定,采用对泥层扰动小的线性滗水器.在水温7～10℃时,经过近4个月污泥培养与系统调试,采用单池多步进水方式,强化了系统脱氮除磷性能,出水水质满足城镇污水排放一级B标准,达到一级A标准.调试末期COD出水为50 mg·L-1以下,NH4+-N质量浓度为7 mg·L-1以下,TP质量浓度为0.5 mg·L-1以下.有效的调试方法降低了低温条件对生化系统的不利影响,运行结果印证了CWSBR(R)工艺在寒冷地区的实际处理效果.     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.