钢铁高温锰系含钙磷化工艺

以极化曲线及交流阻抗为测试手段,通过控制单一变量的方法,分别研究了主盐、pH值、温度、时间及钙剂等对钢铁高温锰系含钙磷化膜耐蚀性的影响。确定最佳的磷化液配方及工艺条件为:磷酸140mL/L,硝酸10mL/L,碳酸锰90g/L,氢氧化钙10g/L,柠檬酸2g/L,pH值1.2,90℃,16min。氢氧化钙为适宜的钙剂,其最佳的质量浓度为10g/L。     

AZ91D镁合金直接化学镀镍层性能的研究

在AZ91D镁合金表面直接化学镀镍。研究了镍离子的质量浓度、缓蚀剂的体积分数、温度、pH值对镀速及镀层孔隙率的影响,得到最佳的工艺条件为:镍离子8.8g/L,乳酸25g/L,次磷酸钠29g/L,氟化氢铵10g/L,缓蚀剂1.77mL/L,铅离子1.5mg/L,硫脲4mg/L,pH值5.5,温度85℃。结果表明:镀层均匀,结合力良好。     

无氰碱性低锡铜-锡合金电镀工艺

研究出一种无氰碱性低锡铜-锡合金电镀工艺。该工艺具有镀液成分简单、工艺稳定、节能降耗等优点。通过实验确定了最佳的镀液配方和工艺条件为:CuSO_4·5H_2O 45~55g/L,K_2CO_340~60g/L,Na_2SnO_3·3H_2O 8~12g/L,铜螯合剂190~230mL/L,锡螯合剂30~40mL/L,辅助调节剂6~10mL/L,pH值10~11,电流密度1.4~2.0A/dm~2,温度45~55℃。     

机械加工中含油废水处理工艺的研究

研究了活性炭对机械加工中含油废水处理工艺。探讨了在不同吸附条件下（吸附剂量、时间、pH）的吸附效果。结果表明,活性炭吸附的最佳工艺条件是：含油120 mg/L的10 mL废水中,加入活性炭质量0.3 g,加热搅拌时间60 min,pH值为8。在最佳条件下,含油废水在活性炭吸附后的COD为160 mg/L。     

多杀菌素发酵工艺的优化及其毒性初步研究

对刺糖多孢菌S-6032发酵培养基及发酵工艺进行了优化,得到优化摇瓶发酵培养基为葡萄糖50 g/L,麦芽糖10 g/L,棉籽粉20 g/L,硫酸铵1 g/L,硫酸锌0.2 g/L,玉米浆15 g/L,牛肉膏2 g/L,碳酸钙5 g/L;确定摇瓶培养工艺为最佳接种量10%,最佳装液量为30 mL/250mL摇瓶,最佳初始pH值为7.5.在优化培养条件下进行发酵培养,多杀菌素最终质量浓度达117.83 mg/L,较优化前发酵培养条件下所得质量浓度(89.57 mg/L)提高了31.6%.毒性实验表明发酵液对斜纹夜蛾幼虫毒杀效果显著,100 mg/L多杀菌素的发酵液作用于斜纹夜蛾48 h的致死率为90%.     

离子交换树脂回收废水中锂离子的试验研究

为了研究离子交换树脂回收废水中锂离子的工艺参数,使用4种大孔离子交换树脂（HYC-100、 D401、D500、 LI500）,在锂离子质量浓度为1 600 mg/L,流速为6 mL/min条件下动态吸附某新能源电池企业生产废水中的锂离子,筛选出锂离子去除效果最佳的HYC-100树脂。采用HYC-100树脂在不同pH值、不同吸附流速及两级吸附条件下开展静态吸附及动态吸附试验,并考察了盐酸解吸液浓度对解吸效果的影响。结果表明：在树脂质量为10.00 g,锂离子质量浓度为1 600 mg/L,吸附时间为2 h的条件下,静态吸附最佳pH值为10,静态吸附量为22.4 mg/g。优选最佳pH值为10,不同流速下动态吸附,最佳吸附流速为6 mL/min。在最佳吸附流速为6mL/min,最佳pH值为10的条件下,动态吸附量达到6.46 mg/g。在上述最佳条件下一级吸附混合液进入二级吸附,得到每一级树脂吸附总量与废水中锂离子含量成正比。吸附饱和后的树脂使用不同浓度盐酸在2 mL/min流速下解吸,最佳盐酸解吸液浓度为2.5 mol/L,对锂离子的解吸及浓缩效果最好,浓缩倍数为2.7倍。     

酸性滚镀锌工艺的维护

研究了铁杂质对酸性滚镀锌镀液的影响和处理方法。向镀液中加入双氧水0.05mL/L,pH值在4.5～5.3范围内,铁杂质的质量浓度降低10.2～17.3mg/L,且在pH值较低的条件下,处理铁杂质的效果较好。制定了宽温酸性滚镀锌工艺:氯化锌45～55g/L,氯化钾200～230g/L,硼酸30～35g/L,401主光剂1mL/L,401辅光剂30mL/L,pH值4.5～5.5,5.5～6.5V,15～45℃,40～120min。     

Fenton-铁氧体法处理含铜模拟废水的研究

采用Fenton-铁氧体法处理含铜模拟废水。在pH值3.0、温度40℃、反应时间10 min、H_2O_20.60mL/L、FeSO_4·7H_2O 7.08g/L的条件下,Cu~(2+)的去除率达到92.88%,残余Cu~(2+)的质量浓度为3.56 mg/L。铁氧体法的最优工艺条件为:沉淀pH值10.0,反应时间15 min,温度30℃,FeSO_4·7H_2O 0.154g/L,FeCl_3·6H_2O 0.225g/L。在Fenton-铁氧体法的优化条件下,Cu~(2+)的去除率达到98.28%,残余Cu~(2+)的质量浓度为0.86mg/L,达到排放标准。     

AZ31镁合金化学镀镍工艺的研究

对AZ31镁合金化学镀镍工艺进行了研究,并采用失重法和扫描电镜研究了不同的前处理工艺。确定最佳酸洗工艺配方为C_2H_4O_28~12mL/L、H_3PO_420~30mL/L;最佳活化工艺配方为NH_4HF 60~80g/L、H_3BO_330~45g/L、H_3PO_420~30mL/L。另外,研究了pH值、温度和时间对沉积速率及化学镀镍层孔隙率的影响,确定了最佳的化学镀镍工艺参数为pH值6.5、温度90~95℃、时间1h。     

无氰四元合金电镀工艺的研究

研究出一种无氰四元合金电镀工艺。通过对四元合金镀层和镀液性能进行测试,确定了最佳的镀液组成与工艺条件为:Sn~(2+)3.0~4.0g/L,Co~(2+)0.8~1.2g/L,Cu~(2+)12.0~13.0g/L,V5+0.2~0.4g/L,DS6008A300~500mL/L,DS6008B150~250mL/L,30~40℃,pH值6.0~8.0,0.6~1.2A/dm2。     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

ICP-MS法测定地球化学样品中As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量痕量元素的研究

建立了测定地球化学样品中包括As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量、痕量元素的ICP-MS方法。地化试样用HF-HNO3混酸分解后,以1 1 HNO3溶解干渣。由于制样不使用盐酸,避免了Cl对As、Cr、Ge、V的质谱干扰。用国家一级地球化学标准物质GBW 07309制备溶液优化仪器工作参数,并用于校准。方法测定限(6s)为:0.007~6.4μg/g,精密度(RSD%,n=12)为:29%~9.4%,经过国家一级地球化学标准物质的分析验证,结果与标准值吻合。方法已应用于国土资源调查的试样分析。