邻苯二甲酸单醇酯钠盐的合成及性能研究

分别用十二醇、十四醇、十六醇和十八醇与邻苯二甲酸酐反应合成邻苯二甲酸单醇酯,再用氢氧化钠中和得钠盐。研究了催化剂、醇、原料配比、酯化温度及溶剂等对单酯酯化率的影响,用红外光谱和核磁共振波谱对产物结构进行了表征,测定其泡沫性能和界面性能。确定了最佳酯化条件为:以自制催化剂BN-1作催化剂,二甲苯为溶剂,n(醇)∶n(酸酐)=1∶1.6,酯化温度100℃,酯化时间5 h。随着醇碳链增加,邻苯二甲酸单醇酯钠盐泡沫能力降低,但界面活性增强。     

泔水油两次酯化法制备生物柴油的研究

以泔水油为原料制备生物柴油,利用2次酯化过程,通过正交实验优化,得到最佳的酯化条件为:醇油摩尔比为5∶1,催化剂用量为1.0%,反应温度为110℃,一次酯化反应时间3.5 h,二次酯化反应时间1 h,处理后的原料油酸值为2.6570mg/g。利用两次酯化的中性油为原料,在醇油摩尔比为7∶1,催化剂用量为1.0%,反应温度为65℃,反应时间75 m in的条件下,醇解反应的转化率为94%以上,总体指标达到、部分指标超过0#柴油的质量要求。     

硫酸改性Hβ沸石催化合成油酸丁酯

以油酸和正丁醇为原料,硫酸改性Hβ沸石为催化剂,催化合成油酸丁酯。结果表明,适宜的酯化反应条件为：酸醇摩尔比为1：2,催化剂用量为原料总质量的5％,带水剂用量为5mL／0．05mol油酸,反应温度120oC,反应时间为5h,此时酯化率可达76．7％。     

硫酸氢钠催化合成十六烷二酸二乙酯的研究

以十六烷二元酸与乙醇为原料,采用硫酸氢钠做催化剂合成十六烷二元酸二乙酯。考察了原料的摩尔比、反应时间、催化剂量和带水剂对酯化收率的影响。通过分析实验结果,得出反应的最佳条件:醇酸摩尔比7∶1,催化剂量为二元酸质量的5%,带水剂环己烷为酸醇总质量的15%,回流反应时间5h,酯化的最高收率可达94.5%。硫酸氢钠重复使用4次后酯化收率为80.7%。     

固体超强酸催化合成苯乙酸月桂醇酯

以固体超强酸SO42-/TiO2为催化剂,以苯乙酸和月桂醇为原料,直接合成苯乙酸月桂醇酯,研究探讨了原料摩尔比、反应时间、催化剂用量等工艺条件对苯乙酸月桂醇酯收率的影响。结果表明,最佳反应条件为:醇酸摩尔比3.0∶1,催化剂用量5%,反应时间3h,酯化率可达90.8%。     

活性炭负载硅钨酸催化合成双三羟甲基丙烷丙烯酸酯

以双三羟甲基丙烷和丙烯酸为原料、活性炭负载硅钨酸为催化剂,采用直接酯化法合成了双三羟甲基丙烷丙烯酸酯( Di - TMPTA),通过正交试验考察了酸醇配比、催化剂用量、酯化时间和反应温度对酯化反应的影响,并利用傅里叶变换红外光谱表征了Di - TMPTA.结果表明,在酸醇比(摩尔比)为4.0∶1、反应时间为5h、催化剂...     

柠檬酸月桂醇酯的合成

以柠檬酸、月桂醇为原料，利用直接酯化法合成了柠檬酸月桂醇酯，并对催化剂、原料配比和反应温度等酯化反应的影响因素进行了详细讨论。     

纳米复合磷钨酸催化合成己酸异戊酯

以纳米型固载杂多酸H3PW12040/SiO2为催化剂,己酸、异戊醇为原料,催化合成己酸异戊酯.考察了影响酯化率的因素,确定了最佳工艺条件:酸醇物质的量比为1:1.2,催化剂用量占原料己酸质量的5%,带水剂环己烷10 mL,反应时间80 min,酯化率可达98.99%.     

十二烷基苯磺酸催化合成乙酸异戊酯的研究

以异戊醇和乙酸为原料,十二烷基苯磺酸(DBSA)为催化剂,采用正交试验方法合成了乙酸异戊酯.研究了物料比、酯化时间、酯化温度和催化剂用量对酯化率的影响.确定了最佳的工艺条件为:n(酸)∶n(醇)=1∶4、催化剂用量为酸物质的量的5％、反应温度45℃、反应时间为4h,其酯化率最高可达81.57％.     

水杨酸己酯的催化合成

以铁钾矾为催化剂,水杨酸和正己醇为原料,合成水杨酸己酯。研究了催化剂用量、酸醇物质的量比以及反应时间等因素对水杨酸酯化率的影响。结果表明,铁钾矶是合成水杨酸己酯的良好催化剂。在酸醇物质的量比为1：1．8,催化剂用量为5％,带水剂环己烷10mL,反应时间3h,反应温度110～130℃的条件下,水杨酸的酯化率可以达到92．3％。     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

ICP-MS法测定地球化学样品中As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量痕量元素的研究

建立了测定地球化学样品中包括As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量、痕量元素的ICP-MS方法。地化试样用HF-HNO3混酸分解后,以1 1 HNO3溶解干渣。由于制样不使用盐酸,避免了Cl对As、Cr、Ge、V的质谱干扰。用国家一级地球化学标准物质GBW 07309制备溶液优化仪器工作参数,并用于校准。方法测定限(6s)为:0.007~6.4μg/g,精密度(RSD%,n=12)为:29%~9.4%,经过国家一级地球化学标准物质的分析验证,结果与标准值吻合。方法已应用于国土资源调查的试样分析。