水污染监测用水中苯胺标准样品的研究

研制了水污染监测用水中苯胺标准样品。介绍了研制方法,包括试剂的验证、均匀性和稳定性检验、分析定值和测定数据的统计检验等方面。采用重量法制备,用国家标准分析方法《苯胺重氮偶合分光光度法》对样品进行均匀性和稳定性研究,并进行不确定度评估。结果表明,苯胺标准样品的均匀性良好,至少可稳定36个月以上;标准值为1.02mg/L,相对扩展不确定度为3.9%(k=2)。     

土壤基质中不同目标浓度重金属标准样品的研制

介绍了一种土壤重金属标准样品的研制过程。土壤样品经匀浆、干燥、研磨、混匀分瓶包装后,用X射线荧光光谱法对土壤标准样品进行了均匀性、稳定性检验,并采用ICP-OES、ICP-MS和XRF对制备的标准样品进行了定值。试验结果表明：土壤标准样品均匀性良好,各元素和氧化物的瓶间均匀性不确定度u_bb范围为0.02 mg/kg～0.043%;在常温避光保存条件下,该土壤标准样品在为期12个月的稳定性检验过程中无不稳定变化趋势;再处理过程对土壤的性质几乎没有影响。该方法是一种简单、有效的制备目标浓度、特定污染因子土壤重金属标准样品的方法。     

水中三硝基甲苯质量控制标准物质的研制

研制了以三硝基甲苯为主要成分的水质计量用标准物质。用先密后疏的方式检验样品的稳定性,对样品的均匀性、稳定性分别采用单因素方差分析方法和线性模型进行考察,组织多个国内权威实验室对样品进行协作分析定值,并对定值结果进行合成标准不确定度和扩展不确定度评估。样品的定值结果为0.983 mg/L,扩展不确定度为0.046mg/L。均匀性指标符合国家标准物质的技术要求,稳定性可达24个月以上。可满足水质三硝基甲苯分析量值传递的需要,达到分析测试中质量保证的目的和要求。     

8种有机氯农药混合校准标准样品研制

介绍了V(正己烷)∶V(甲苯)=1∶1溶液中8种有机氯农药混合校准标准样品的研制方法。校准标准样品采用称量法制备,采用气相色谱/电子捕获检测器内标法进行均匀性检验和稳定性监测。评估研制过程中产生的不确定度,合成为校准标准样品的不确定度。研究结果表明,V(正己烷)∶V(甲苯)=1∶1溶液中8种有机氯农药混合校准标准样品均匀性和稳定性良好,量值准确,可用于环境监测和科学研究工作。     

水质检测用水中苯胺分析校准标准物质的研究

研制了国家级苯胺分析校准用标准物质,作为水中苯胺测定的检测标准。严格按照《国家标准样品工作导则》的技术规范,以重量法和容量法制备苯胺分析校准用标准物质;采用国家标准分析方法气相色谱法对样品进行均匀性和稳定性研究,并进行不确定度评估。经检测,苯胺分析校准用标准物质均匀性良好,稳定期可达36个月以上。样品量值准确,与美国同种标准物质进行比对具有可比性。结果表明,样品的均匀性和稳定性指标符合国家级标准物质的技术要求,样品的标准值及扩展不确定度为100 mg/L和±2 mg/L。样品已获批准为国家级标准物质,可作为环境及相关研究中苯胺测定的工作标准,同时可用于水中苯胺监测的质量控制、分析方法研究的精密度考察、国家实验室能力认可等方面。     

甲醇/二氯甲烷中苯并[a]芘溶液标准样品的研究

介绍了甲醇/二氯甲烷(V(甲醇):V(二氯甲烷)=1:1)中苯并[a]芘溶液标准样品的研制过程.该标准样品采用称量法制备,用气相色谱-质谱法进行均匀性检验和稳定性监测,对不确定度来源进行了全面评估,并与国际同类标准样品进行了量值比对分析.结果表明,该溶液标准样品均匀性和稳定性良好,量值准确可靠,可用于环境监测和科学研究工作.     

水质检测用水中苯胺分析校准标准物质的研究

研制了国家级苯胺分析校准用标准物质,作为水中苯胺测定的检测标准。严格按照《国家标准样品工作导则》的技术规范,以重量法和容量法制备苯胺分析校准用标准物质;采用国家标准分析方法气相色谱法对样品进行均匀性和稳定性研究,并进行不确定度评估。经检测,苯胺分析校准用标准物质均匀性良好,稳定期可达36个月以上。样品量值准确,与美国同种标准物质进行比对具有可比性。结果表明,样品的均匀性和稳定性指标符合国家级标准物质的技术要求,样品的标准值及扩展不确定度为100 mg/L和±2 mg/L。样品已获批准为国家级标准物质,可作为环境及相关研究中苯胺测定的工作标准,同时可用于水中苯胺监测的质量控制、分析方法研究的精密度考察、国家实验室能力认可等方面。     

耐火材料荷重软化温度(非示差-升温法)标准样品的研制

对耐火材料荷重软化温度(非示差-升温法)测试用标准样品的制备进行了探讨。根据标准样品的特性及应用目的,选择石英玻璃作为候选标准样品,按照标准样品的研制程序,进行均匀性和稳定性检验。在通过均匀性和稳定性检验后,选择国内检测水平稳定、检测结果可靠的实验室,采用多家实验室联合定值的方法进行定值。对参加定值实验室提供的数据,采用夏皮罗-威尔克(Shapiro-wilk)法进行正态性检验;采用格拉布斯(Grubbs)法进行异常值检验,采用科克伦(Cochran)法进行等精度检验,确认参加定值的实验室无异常数据后,计算标准样品的平均值并评定其不确定度。结果表明,该标准样品的标准值为1 386℃,扩展不确定度为12℃。     

水质硒质量控制用标准样品的研制

依据国家标准样品工作导则要求,制备硒标准样品。采用原子荧光法对样品进行均匀性和稳定性研究。以多个实验室协作分析定值的统计结果确定标准值,并进行不确定度评估。结果表明,硒标准样品均匀性良好,稳定性可达24个月以上;样品量值准确,与美国同种标准物质进行比对具有可比性。研制的硒标准样品符合国家标准样品的技术要求,标准编号为GSB 07—3172—2014,可用于水质硒元素检测的质量控制、分析方法研究以及分析实验室能力验证等方面。     

有机氯农药质控用液体标准样品定值研究

研究了有机氯农药质控用标准样品的均匀性、稳定性和定值方法。本标准样品采用称量法制备,制备得到的标准样品通过了均匀性检验,且在30个月内是稳定的。其不确定度来源于多家实验室协作定值、均匀性和稳定性3个环节,并评定了各不确定度分量,其定值结果为:α-六六六为(10.8±1.0)μg/mL、β-六六六为(19.5±1.6)μg/mL、γ-六六六为(9.76±0.78)μg/mL、δ-六六六为(9.54±1.66)μg/mL、p,p'-DDE为(24.9±1.4)μg/mL、p,p'-DDD为(24.0±2.6)μg/mL、o,p'-DDT为(29.1±1.9)μg/mL、p,p'-DDT为(25.9±3.9)μg/mL。本标准样品制备浓度低,可用于环境监测工作中分析方法的验证、仪器性能的检定和分析技术人员的考核等。     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.