Influences of nonassociated flow rules on seismic bearing capacity factors of strip footing on soil slope by energy dissipation method

Seismic bearing capacity factors of a strip footing placed on soil slope were determined with both associated and nonassociated flow rules. Quasi-static representation of earthquake effects using a seismic coefficient concept was adopted for seismic bearing capacity calculations. A multi-wedge translational failure mechanism was used to obtain the seismic bearing capacity factors for different seismic coefficients and various inclined angles. Employing the associated flow rule, numerical results were compared with the published solutions. For bearing capacity factors related to cohesion and equivalent surcharge load, the maximum difference approximates 0.1%. However, the difference of bearing capacity factor related to unit weight is larger. With the two flow rules, the seismic bearing capacity factors were presented in the form of design charts for practical use. The results show that seismic bearing capacity factors related to the cohesion, the equivalent surcharge load and the unit weight increase greatly as the dilatancy angle increases, and that the nonassociated flow rule has important influences on the seismic bearing capacity.     

Stability analysis of subgrade cave roofs in karst region

According to the engineering features of subgrade cave roof in karst region, the clamped beam model of subgrade cave roof in karst region was set up. Based on the catastrophe theory, the cusp catastrophe model for bearing capacity of subgrade cave roof and safe thickness of subgrade cave roof in karst region was established. The necessary instability conditions of subgrade cave roof were deduced, and then the methods to determine safe thickness of cave roofs under piles and bearing capacity of subgrade cave roof were proposed. At the same time, a practical engineering project was applied to verifying this method, which has been proved successfu1ly. At last, the major factors that affect the stability on cave roof under pile in karst region were deeply discussed and some results in quality were acquired.     

Application of particle trajectory model in 1D planar ejection

A simple one-dimensional planar model for ejection was set up based on experiments.And numerical simulation was performed on this model with particle trajectory model method.An Eulerian finite volume method was conducted to resolve gas field.And Lagrangian method was imposed to track each particle.The interaction between gas and particles was responded as source terms in governing equations which were induced by forces.The effects of total spraying mass,particle size and other factors on the mixture of particles and gas were investigated.The spatial distributions of particle mass and velocity at different time were presented.The result shows that the numerical results are qualitatively consistent to those of experiments.     

Seismic stability of reinforced soil walls under bearing capacity failure by pseudo-dynamic method

In order to evaluate the seismic stability of reinforced soil walls against bearing capacity failure,the seismic safety factor of reinforced soil walls was determined by using pseudo-dynamic method,and calculated by considering different parameters,such as horizontal and vertical seismic acceleration coefficients,ratio of reinforcement length to wall height,back fill friction angle,foundation soil friction angle,soil-reinforcement interface friction angle and surcharge.The parametric study shows that the seismic safety factor increases by 24-fold when the foundation soil friction angle varies from 25° to 45°,and increases by 2-fold when the soil-reinforcement interface friction angle varies from 0 to 30°.That is to say,the bigger values the foundation soil and/or soil-reinforcement interface friction angles have,the safer the reinforced soil walls become in the seismic design.The results were also compared with those obtained from pseudo-static method.It is found that there is a higher value of the safety factor by the present work.     

Seismic ultimate bearing capacity of strip footings on slope

The influence of earthquake forces on ultimate bearing capacity of foundations on sloping ground was studied. A solution to seismic ultimate bearing capacity of strip footings on slope was obtained by utilizing pseudo-static analysis method and taking the effect of intermediate principal stress into consideration. Based on limit equilibrium theory, the formulae for computing static bearing capacity factors, Nq, Nc, Nγ, and dynamic bearing capacity factors, Nqd, Ncd, Nγd, which are associated with surcharge, cohesion and self-weight of soils respectively, were presented. A great number of analysis calculations were carried out to obtain the relationship curves of the static and dynamic bearing capacity factors versus various calculation parameters. The curves can serve as the practical engineering design. The calculation results also show that when the values of horizontal and vertical seismic coefficients are 0.2, the dynamic bearing capacity factors Nqd, Ncd and Nγd, in which the effects of intermediate principal stress are taken into consideration, increase by 4%?42%, 3%?27% and 34%?57%, respectively.     

Experimental and theoretical study on vibration control ofbase-isolation with energy transducer

In order to evaluate the effects of structural control and energy transition for the base-isolation with energy transducer (BIET), shaking table tests on a steel frame model (BIET system) with scale of 1:4 were conducted and the results were compared with the lead rubber bearing (LRB) isolation system for the same model. Then numerical analysis of the system was carried out, in which the improved Wen analytic model was used to simulate the hysteretic law of transducers. The results show that the structural system can transform the partial earthquake energy to hydraulic energy; furthermore, the effect of structural control can reach or be close to that of the LRB isolation system. The agreements between numerical analysis results and those of shaking table tests demonstrate the accuracy of the numerical model.     

Physical model test study on shear strength characteristics of slope sliding surface in Nanfen open-pit mine

A physical model for the footwall slope of Nanfen open-pit mine, China was established using a selfdeveloped deep geological engineering disaster model test system. A thermosensitive similar material,paraffin, was selected to simulate a weak structural plane in the slope to reproduce the landslide process.From an experimental perspective, the variation trend of shear strength parameters of weak structural plane and the mechanical support characteristics of NPR(negative Poisson's ratio) anchor cable under the condition of a large landslide deformation and failure were examined. The results of this model test showed that slope failure has four distinct stages:(1) soil compaction stage,(2) crack generation stage,(3) crack propagation stage, and(4) sliding plane transfixion stage. According to the test results, the rock mechanics parameters of weak surface in the footwall slope of Nanfen open-pit mine were calculated.The cohesion is approximately 1.35×10~5 Pa, and the internal friction angle is approximately 6.33°.During slope failure, the NPR anchor cable experiences a large deformation but no damage occurs, indicating that the NPR anchor cable can be continuously monitored and reinforced during the deformation and failure of landslide. The stress characteristics of NPR anchor cables during the test are consistent with the monitoring results of Newtonian force at the landslide site, proving that NPR anchor cables are effective and reasonable in landslide monitoring and early warning.     

Mechanical properties of material in a mine dump at the Shengli #1 Surface Coal Mine,China

In-situ experiments were conducted to investigate the mechanical properties of the soil-rock mixture in the internal dump of the Shengli #1 Surface Coal Mine, China. Based on the experimental results, this study used comparative analysis and found that the shear strength of the soil-rock mixture in the dump was greater than the residual shear strength of the original rock. The results showed that the material presented in the dump as large blocks was the main factor affecting the strength of the soil-rock mixture.Numerical simulation was carried out for the analyses of three factors: different combinations of shear failure, rolling failure along with different large-block radius ratios, and mixture densities. The results illustrated that the cohesion and angle of internal friction of the soil-rock mixture are 12 kPa and 32.26°. However, in some cases the bench angle in the dump was controlled by a coupling relationship of rocks in the material. Finally, the stability of a soil slope showed a linear relationship with the large-block radius ratio and the bulk density.     

Evaluation of ultimate bearing capacity of Y-shaped vibro-pile

Based on Mindlin stress solution, a numerical computational method was proposed to calculate the stresses in the ground induced by side friction and the resistance of Y-shaped vibro-pile. The improved Terzaghi’s and ЪерезанцевВГ’s methods for ultimate bearing capacity evaluation were proposed by considering the stress strength induced by friction resistance at pile head level of Y-pile. A new method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of Y-pile was also proposed based on the assumptions of soil failure mode at the tip of Y-pile and the use of Mohr-Coulomb soil yield criterion and Vesic compressive correction coefficient with the induced stresses in the ground. Based on the comparisons with the field static load test results, it is found that the improved Terzaghi’s method gives higher ultimate capacity, while the other two methods shows good agreement with the field results.     

Determination of pile failure mechanism under pullout test in loose sand

Estimating the deformation of soil around the pile contributes to reliable design of structures under pullout force. This work presents the results of a series of small-scale physical modelling tests designed to investigate the uplift resistance of piles with diameter of 5 cm and slenderness ratios of 1, 2, 3 and 4 in loose sand. Close photogrammetric technique and particle image velocimetry(PIV) were employed to observe the failure patterns due to uplift force on piles. The results show that the shear zones curve slightly outward near the ground surface. After peak resistance, the shear strain concentrates into a pair of narrow shear bands,then a flow around mechanism is formed accompanied by a reduction in the uplift resistance. The results from the laboratory tests were verified by analytical method proposed by Chattopadhyay and PLAXIS 2D and 3D finite element method software. It is found that the depth and width of the failure surface increase with the increment of the slenderness ratio. A good agreement is observed among the measured bearing capacity and obtained failure surface of the models and the results of numerical modelling. Finally, the maximum deformation of loose and dense sand respectively with densities of 25% and 75% were compared in the stage of fully removing pile. The results shows that the deformation of the soil is related to its density, therefore it depends on its dilatancy.     

组合锤置换墩极限承载力计算方法

为研究组合锤置换法加固软土地基的承载性能,需建立置换墩的极限承载力计算模型并验证该计算方法的可行性.首先,进行室内模型试验,研究置换墩墩体形态和墩体破坏模式.其次,在模型试验的基础上,根据能量法建立置换墩极限承载力的计算模型,代入模型相关参数,基于GA_PSO优化算法在Matlab平台研究各参数对墩体极限承载力的影响.试验和计算结果表明:置换墩典型的墩体形态为一轴对称的旋转体,纵向剖面为上大下小的梯形截面;极限状态下墩体的破坏模式为鼓胀破坏;墩径和墩周土体强度对提高墩体极限承载力影响显著,此与组合锤置换法设计理念相吻合.最后,通过一工程案例,验证了该计算方法应用于组合锤置换法初步设计是可行的.     

泡沫混凝土填充圆钢管的轴压力学性能

采用试验和有限元模拟方法,研究泡沫混凝土填充圆钢管构件在轴压荷载作用下的力学性能. 通过轴压试验,分析短柱构件的耗能能力和长柱构件的轴压承载力,短柱构件发生叠缩破坏变形模式,耗能能力随着泡沫混凝土密度的提高而显著增强,长柱构件发生整体失稳破坏,稳定承载力随着泡沫混凝土密度的增大而增大. 基于ABAQUS的Explicit求解器,建立泡沫混凝土填充圆钢管构件的数值模型,获得的模拟结果与试验结果吻合良好. 开展参数分析,讨论径厚比、长细比及填充泡沫混凝土密度等因素对长柱构件承载能力的影响. 研究结果表明：长柱构件的稳定承载力随着长细比和径厚比的增大而减小,随着填充的泡沫混凝土密度的增大而增大. 基于Perry-Robertson公式,推导了泡沫混凝土填充圆钢管长柱构件的稳定承载力公式. 预测结果表明,该公式能够很好地预测长柱构件的稳定承载力.     

水平成层土质边坡破坏机理研究

针对水平成层土质边坡的成层特性,建立室内模型试验模拟其承载特性以及破坏机理,运用FLAC3D数值模拟技术与室内模型试验相互验证分析,得到了层状边坡在坡顶加载情况下的荷载-位移规律、极限承载力、滑动面形态和位置。研究结果表明,极限承载力随分层厚度的增大而增大,而边坡高度对极限承载力的影响甚微。再运用FLAC3D数值模拟技术进行拓展分析,利用成层土坡与均质土坡破坏机理的联系得到了成层土坡剪出高度与加载宽度以及坡比的关系,同时得到了水平成层土坡不同破坏模式的临界坡比,所得结果对实际工程具有一定的参考意义。     

新型3D板墙体抗震性能试验研究

为了解新型3D板墙体构件的抗震性能及其影响因素,通过对3片新型3D板墙体进行低周反复加载试验,获得试件的破坏特征、承载力、荷载—位移滞回曲线以及荷载—应变曲线等,研究该类墙体的承载能力、变形性能和耗能能力。试验结果表明：新型3D板墙体结构受力性能良好,整体性较强,具有良好的延性性能和耗能能力。高宽比和墙端构造对墙体的抗震性能具有较大影响。高宽比较大时,地震作用时墙体趋于发生弯曲破坏,对提高结构延性,增强结构耗能能力,改善结构抗震性能具有重要作用。通过采取墙端构造措施,可以有效提高墙体整体刚度、承载能力、延性和耗能能力,有利于结构抗震,但对延缓墙体裂缝出现作用不大。     

双向加载情况下工字形SRC柱抗震性能数值分析

为了研究工字形SRC柱在双向水平加载下的抗震性能,采用纤维模型对已有试验进行数值模拟,验证了纤维模型的适用性。基于此模型,考察了轴压比、配钢率、型钢强度等参数对工字形SRC柱在双向水平加载下的承载力、耗能及延性的影响,并与单向水平加载下的情况进行了对比。结果表明:轴压比对工字形SRC柱的抗震性能影响显著,随着轴压比的增大,柱子承载力先增大后减小,而滞回耗能和延性则随轴压比的增大逐步降低;配钢率对工字形SRC柱的抗震性能有一定影响,随配钢率的增大,柱的承载力、耗能及延性均有明显增长;承载力、耗能及延性均随型钢强度的增加而得到一定改善,但增幅较小。此外,双向加载下SRC柱的承载力、耗能及延性均较单向水平加载的低。     

冷弯薄壁型钢墙体-楼板节点抗震性能试验研究

开展考虑不同构造、轴压比、墙架柱截面类型及覆板蒙皮作用的7个试件的抗震试验,可得如下结论. 1）覆板后节点破坏由墙-楼板连接处的自攻螺钉失效导致,防止该区域的自攻螺钉失效是连接成败的关键. 2）覆板后规程推荐节点承载力、耗能能力明显提高,但受截面高度、轴压比的影响均较大. 3）覆板后角钢加强型节点承载力及耗能能力均降低,且受截面高度的影响大;2 mm 厚角钢试件在加载初期发生两肢间夹角的拉大与减小,破坏时螺钉全部从墙架柱拉脱;4 mm 厚角钢试件楼层梁与角钢间的自攻螺钉过早发生失效,造成角钢厚度增加,承载力降低. 4）获得节点的恢复力骨架曲线特征值,为结构基于简化力学模型抗震计算提供基础数据.     

异形多腔钢管混凝土柱往复轴压性能试验

为研究内置钢筋笼及内置圆钢管对异形多腔钢管混凝土柱在往复轴压作用下受力性能的影响,进行了3个以Z15大厦为原型的大尺寸异形多腔钢管混凝土柱试件的往复轴压试验,分析了各试件的损伤演化、加卸载全曲线、骨架曲线、承载能力、变形能力、刚度及刚度退化、累积耗能及应变,并采用多国规范对3个试件进行了轴压承载力计算.结果表明:内置钢筋笼能够有效提高试件初始刚度及承载能力;内置圆钢管能够进一步提高试件初始刚度和承载力,且能够显著提高试件的延性、累积耗能能力及后期工作性能;采用各国规范计算得到的承载力结果,因均未考虑横隔板的作用及内外钢板不同的屈服机理,均显著小于试验值。因此需要进一步研究适用于多腔钢管混凝土柱的承载力计算方法,同时,建议实际工程中内置圆钢管来提高异形多腔钢管混凝土柱性能.     

Slope stability analysis considering joined influences of nonlinearity and dilation

The soil masses of slopes were assumed to follow a nonlinear failure criterion and a nonassociated flow rule. The stability factors of slopes were calculated using vertical slice method based on limit analysis. The potential sliding mass was divided into a series of vertical slices as well as the traditional slice technique. Equating the external work rate to the internal energy dissipation, the optimum solutions to stability factors were determined by the nonlinear programming algorithm. From the numerical results, it is found that the present solutions agree well with previous results when the nonlinear criterion reduces to the linear criterion, and the nonassociated flow rule reduces to the associated flow rule. The stability factors decrease by 39.7% with nonlinear parameter varying from 1.0 to 3.0. Dilation and nonlinearity have significant effects on the slope stability factors. Foundation item: Project (200550) supported by the Foundation for the Author of National Excellent Doctoral Dissertation of China; Project (200631878557) supported by West Traffic of Science and Technology of China     

带钢板耗能键的钢管混凝土排柱剪力墙抗震分析

为了分析带钢板耗能键的钢管混凝土排柱剪力墙的抗震性能,采用ABAQUS有限元分析软件,在低周往复荷载下,对4个不同设计参数的试件进行了破坏特征、滞回特性、耗能能力、承载力、延性、强度退化及刚度退化的研究,得出各试件应力云图、骨架曲线和滞回曲线,计算出承载力和位移延性比.结果表明,该组合剪力墙的承载力较高,刚度较大,耗能能力强,延性较大,抗震性能良好;随着钢板数量的增加,结构的承载力、耗能能力均提高,但延性下降,外包混凝土能大大提高结构的承载力和耗能能力.