非线性Mohr-Coulomb破坏准则下边坡可靠度上限

传统边坡可靠度分析往往在岩土参数服从线性Mohr-Coulomb（简称线性M-C）破坏准则的假设条件下进行,并且常常采用极限平衡法或有限元法计算安全系数。然而,岩土介质破坏准则具有一定的非线性。为能更加实际地描述岩土破坏机理和得到严格精确的解,基于非线性Mohr-Coulomb（简称非线性M-C）破坏准则,结合极限分析上限法和蒙特卡洛法,进行边坡可靠度上限分析。当非线性参数m=1时,与等效的线性M-C破坏准则进行对比计算,验证了方法的可行性。同时,将初始粘聚力、内摩擦角arctan（c₀/σ_t）和非线性参数作为随机变量且服从截断正态分布,进行了参数变异性和敏感性影响分析。研究表明：非线性M-C破坏准则下,边坡可靠度随初始粘聚力、内摩擦角arctan（c₀/σ_t）和非线性参数变异性的增大而减小;边坡可靠度随初始粘聚力和内摩擦角arctan（c₀/σ_t）的增大而增大,随非线性参数的增大而减小。     

基于ANSYS的混凝土极限荷载影响因素分析

利用ANSYS模拟混凝土材料的受力性能时,由于混凝土的非线性,存在破坏阶段计算难以收敛且极限荷载计算值与试验值离散很大的问题.以混凝土受压试验为算例,通过单参数改变法,分析了混凝土本构关系、破坏准则、网格密度、迭代方法、收敛准则、收敛容差和加载方式等参数对模拟结果的影响,提出了解决此问题的方法,为混凝土的非线性模拟分析提供了可靠的参数设置依据.     

参数对岩石边坡稳定性的影响研究

探讨了岩体本构模型之间的关系,通过材料参数的换算,实现了等效Mohr-Coulomb屈服准则在An-sys中的应用.借助有明显滑面的岩质边坡算例分析,验证了采用它来代替Mohr-Coulomb屈服准则是可行的,同时运用外角点外接圆锥Drucker-Prager屈服准则、等效Mohr-Coulomb屈服准则、极限平衡法进行计算,做了边坡稳定性及物理量随结构面参数变化的灵敏度分析、计算结果对比,得到了一些有益的结论,对有明显滑面岩质边坡稳定性分析及支护结构设计具有一定的参考价值.     

钢筋混凝土板极限承载力对比分析

为了能够简单准确地确定钢筋混凝土板的承载能力,在经典塑性铰线理论基础上,考虑受拉薄膜效应的影响,基于所提出的应力破坏准则,建立修正板块平衡法;同时,结合大挠度板壳单元和弹塑性理论,建立了非线性有限元分析程序.采用上述两方法对钢筋混凝土双向板的极限承载力进行计算,并将计算结果和试验结果进行对比分析.结果表明:由于考虑了受拉薄膜效应,两种方法所得极限承载力计算值均与试验结果吻合较好;与有限元分析方法相比,修正板块平衡法原理较为简单,计算容易,具有较强的工程应用价值.     

基于非线性Mohr-Coulomb破坏准则的浅埋倾斜条形锚板抗拔承载力预测

针对浅埋倾斜布置条形锚板抗拔承载力计算问题,采用非线性Mohr-Coulomb破坏准则,构造了极限上拔荷载作用下锚板上方土体的非对称曲线型破坏机制,并利用极限分析上限法与变分原理,导出了浅埋倾斜条形锚板极限抗拔力和土体破裂曲线的理论解析解。在此基础上,分析得到了埋深比、布设倾角、非线性系数、初始粘聚力、土体重度和地面超载等参数对锚板极限抗拔力和土体破裂范围的影响规律,并将结果和现有研究成果进行了对比分析,进一步验证了理论方法的有效性。研究表明,锚板倾角和土体非线性系数对倾斜条形锚板极限抗拔力和土体破裂范围影响较为显著,在工程设计及施工中应予以足够重视。     

Slope Stability Analysis Based on Rock Mass Parameters Determined by Hoek-Brown Criterion

以某岩质高边坡为研究对象,通过野外调查分析,根据边坡岩体结构和破坏特征,应用Hoek-Brown经验准则确定岩体抗剪强度参数,采用极限平衡法和FLAC - 2D有限差分程序对边坡进行稳定性分析,并依据分析结果制定了加固方案,通过分析验证和现场监测,结果表明边坡加固方案可行.     

基于Hoek-Brown准则确定岩体参数的边坡稳定性分析

以某岩质高边坡为研究对象,通过野外调查分析,根据边坡岩体结构和破坏特征,应用Hoek-Brown经验准则确定岩体抗剪强度参数,采用极限平衡法和FLAC-2D有限差分程序对边坡进行稳定性分析,并依据分析结果制定了加固方案,通过分析验证和现场监测,结果表明边坡加固方案可行.     

非线性破坏准则下岩石地基承载力的影响因素

传统的地基承载力计算基于Mohr—Coulomb线性破坏准则,但试验数据表明几乎各种岩石强度包线与法向应力呈非线性关系,岩石强度包线服从修正Hoek—Brown非线性破坏准则。为此,采用Hoek—Brown非线性破坏准则和“多切线法”,根据极限分析中的上限理论,利用Matlab软件平台和非线性“序列二次规划”优化方法,编制相应程序来计算岩石地基的承载力,分析岩石地基承载力的影响因素,计算结果表明：岩石地基承载力的主要影响因素是岩石的GSI和mi,但自重γ、超载q和开挖扰动系数D在GSI较小时对岩石地基承载力影响较大;与前人研究成果的对比分析发现,采用“单切线法”会过高估计地基承载力值,存在较大的风险,采用“多切线法”理论上较之更加严密,计算结果更接近真实值,具有较高的实用价值。     

岩体等效抗剪强度概率特征值评估在边坡稳定性可靠度分析中的应用

为消除因采用Hock-Brown准则中间变量而导致评估等效抗剪强度参数概率特征时产生累积误差,针对Hoek-Brown准则各变量具可变性和不确定性,提出应直接由基本变量人手来评估.在简要介绍Hoek-Brown准则基础上,选用了Rosenblueth点估计法和Monte-Carlo抽样法对边坡岩体的等效抗剪强度概率特征值以及边坡稳定性可靠度和破坏概率进行了对比计算分析.尽管2种方法计算结果差异很小,但是与Monte-Carlo抽样法相比,Roseriblueth点估计法计算量明显减小.而Rosenbheth点估计法较为简单,因此工程中可以用它来估计岩体有关参数概率特征值、稳定性可靠度和破坏概率.     

钢筋混凝土板的极限承载力计算

为了准确地确定钢筋混凝土板的承载能力,在塑性铰线理论基础上,考虑薄膜效应的影响,提出板的破坏准则,利用板块平衡法对板的极限承载力和位移进行计算,并将计算结果和试验结果进行对比.结果表明:极限承载力计算值与试验结果吻合较好;与试验极限位移相比,计算极限位移值相对保守.通过力学分析,解释了在相同挠度下方板极限承载力小于矩形板的破坏机理.     

Slope stability analysis considering joined influences of nonlinearity and dilation

The soil masses of slopes were assumed to follow a nonlinear failure criterion and a nonassociated flow rule. The stability factors of slopes were calculated using vertical slice method based on limit analysis. The potential sliding mass was divided into a series of vertical slices as well as the traditional slice technique. Equating the external work rate to the internal energy dissipation, the optimum solutions to stability factors were determined by the nonlinear programming algorithm. From the numerical results, it is found that the present solutions agree well with previous results when the nonlinear criterion reduces to the linear criterion, and the nonassociated flow rule reduces to the associated flow rule. The stability factors decrease by 39.7% with nonlinear parameter varying from 1.0 to 3.0. Dilation and nonlinearity have significant effects on the slope stability factors. Foundation item: Project (200550) supported by the Foundation for the Author of National Excellent Doctoral Dissertation of China; Project (200631878557) supported by West Traffic of Science and Technology of China     

Effects of nonlinear strength parameters on stability of 3D soil slopes

Actual slope stability problems have three-dimensional(3D) characteristics and the soils of slopes have curved failure envelopes. This incorporates a power-law nonlinear failure criterion into the kinematic approach of limit analysis to conduct the evaluation of the stability of 3D slopes. A tangential technique is adopted to simplify the nonlinear failure criterion in the form of equivalent Mohr-Coulomb strength parameters. A class of 3D admissible rotational failure mechanisms is selected for soil slopes including three types of failure mechanisms: face failure, base failure, and toe failure. The upper-bound solutions and corresponding critical slip surfaces can be obtained by an efficient optimization method. The results indicate that the nonlinear parameters have significant influences on the assessment of slope stability, especially on the type of failure mechanism. The effects of nonlinear parameters appear to be pronounced for gentle slopes constrained to a narrow width. Compared with the solutions derived from plane-strain analysis, the 3D solutions are more sensitive to the values of nonlinear parameters.     

Upper bound analysis of slope stability with nonlinear failure criterion based on strength reduction technique

Based on the upper bound limit analysis theorem and the shear strength reduction technique, the equation for expressing critical limit-equilibrium state was employed to define the safety factor of a given slope and its corresponding critical failure mechanism by means of the kinematical approach of limit analysis theory. The nonlinear shear strength parameters were treated as variable parameters and a kinematically admissible failure mechanism was considered for calculation schemes. The iterative optimization method was adopted to obtain the safety factors. Case study and comparative analysis show that solutions presented here agree with available predictions when nonlinear criterion reduces to linear criterion, and the validity of present method could be illuminated. From the numerical results, it can also be seen that nonlinear parameter m, slope foot gradient β, height of slope H, slope top gradient α and soil bulk density γ have significant effects on the safety factor of the slope.     

Validation of Hoek–Brown failure criterion charts for rock slopes

Although stability charts suggested by Hoek and Bray on the basis of Mohr–Coulomb criterion are used for rock slopes, but complete and precise recognition is required for distinguishing cohesive strength and Mohr–Coulomb equivalent internal friction angle for rock mass. The paper by Lia et al. [6] is the only one that introduced rock slope charts according to Hoek–Brown failure criterion. In this paper, at first, this type of charts is introduced. Then, Mohr–Coulomb failure criterion charts [2] are compared and validated with Hoek–Brown failure criterion ones [6]. Next, Bishop method utilizing Slide software is compared with Hoek–Brown failure criterion stability charts. Average standard deviation (ASD), root mean square error (RMSE) and variance account for (VAF) were used for the comparison. According to the results, because of high distribution and very low correlation among the comparisons, Hoek–Brown failure criterion charts are not efficient.     

基于ABAQUS的边坡失稳综合判据法

在分析有限元计算不收敛、坡体位移突变和潜在滑移面塑性区贯通这3种边坡失稳判据优缺点的基础上,提出边坡失稳的综合判据法,即先进行小变形有限元计算,以计算不收敛为边坡失稳判据,后进行大变形有限元计算,以位移突变为判据。采用综合判据法、运用ABAQUS有限元软件对一个标准算例和一个工程实例进行边坡稳定性分析,并与常用的简化Bishop法进行比较,二者所得安全系数接近,证明了边坡失稳综合判据法的合理可行。     

Modified Mohr-Coulomb strength criterion considering rock mass intrinsic material strength factorization

With the increase of mining depth of mineral resources,the rock mass stress state is being more and more complex.The rock mass show different features,namely,with the increase of hydrostatic pressure,rock mass failure mode turns from brittle tension failure to structure ductile failure and its limit strength also increases.The restriction of minimal principal stress on the initiation and development of microcrack and the change of micro-unit stress state by the intermediate principal stress play a decisive role in the increase of rock mass limit strength.Based on the rock mass failure behavior law under complex stress state and theσ2-dependence on the rock mass strength,we proposed a Modified Mohr-Coulomb(M-MC)strength criterion which is smooth and convex.Finally,the M-MC criterion is validated by multiaxial test data of eight kinds of rock mass.We also compared the fitting results with Mohr-Coulomb criterion(MC).It shows that the new criterion fits the test data better than the Mohr-Coulomb criterion.So the M-MC strength criterion well reveals the rock mass bearing behavior and can be widely used in the rock mass strength analysis.The results can provide theoretical foundations for stability analysis and reinforcement design of complex underground engineering.     

边坡稳定数值计算中失稳判据和岩土强度屈服准则

通过理论分析和典型算例计算,对边坡稳定数值计算中边坡的失稳判据和失稳模式进行了深入的讨论,旨在使数值计算方法更好地服务于工程实际。边坡失稳破坏的力学分析表明,排除人为主观因素的影响,在严格收敛标准下数值计算不收敛、边坡塑性区贯通和特定监测点位移突变这三类常用判据内在的力学表现是一致的,算例1的分析结果进一步证实了该观点。边坡的失稳模式与岩土体的屈服准则密切相关,为使理论计算符合工程实践,应根据岩土体实际抗拉能力对以M-C为典型代表的基于剪切破坏的强度准则进行抗拉修正。以抗拉修正后的M-C强度准则为基础,进一步提出了拉剪复合破坏的强度折减计算流程,算例2的计算结果表明该计算流程是合理的且计算结果的精度要高于现行的计算方法。     

关于护坡极值冰压力分析的几个基本问题

讨论了关于水库护坡极值冰压力分析的几个基本问题,即主导的控制机理、破坏准则和破坏模式。通过定性分析说明了极值冰压力由冰盖极限承载力控制;将最大冰压力产生的典型条件和冰的材料力学性质进行对比,论证了冰盖的极限破坏由断裂准则而不是强度准则主导;通过原型冰模拟试验确认了冰盖的主导破坏模式是蠕变屈曲而不是压缩断裂。这些研究为发展应用断裂力学预测冰压力的新方法奠定了基础。     

山西乡宁—吉县地区黄土高边坡可靠度研究

在山西乡宁—吉县地区实测了7个具有代表性的自然极限状态黄土高边坡断面,建立边坡地层结构模型; 选取研究区合理的黄土物理力学参数,并分地层年代对10个典型工点的黄土强度参数内聚力和内摩擦角的变异性进行分析; 选取6组典型的强度参数变异系数组合,基于Monte-Carlo法进行可靠度模拟,评价该区边坡稳定性; 采用自然类比法进行边坡设计。结果表明:边坡失效概率随坡高的变化趋势一致,均是中等坡高(49.8 m)的边坡失效概率较大,低坡和高坡的失效概率较低; 当变异系数较小时,边坡失效概率对坡高和坡度的变化敏感,而当变异系数较大时,边坡失效概率对坡高和坡度的变化不敏感; 当坡型一定、强度参数变异系数较小时,边坡的稳定系数基本不变,而当参数变异系数超过某一界限时,稳定系数随变异系数的增大而增大,二者存在非线性相关关系; 研究区黄土边坡处于基本稳定状态,但其失效概率最大达69.3%,平均21.1%,介于20%～30%的比例为33.3%,大于30%的比例为14.3%,可靠度指标介于-0.5～8.5,其中小于2.7的比例为88.1%; 对于坡高约为50 m的黄土高边坡,若取30%作为可接受失效概率,边坡坡度需降至45°以下,如果期望可接受失效概率在10%以内,则坡度不宜超过34°。