基于数字图像处理技术的沥青混合料微观结构有限元分析

论述一种将沥青混合料微结构和其力学行为仿真联系在一起的方法.该方法利用数字图像处理技术将计算机断层扫描(CT)图像转换为数字格式,并与有限元建模结合,使得根据CT图像建立的有限元模型可以较真实地再现沥青混合料的微结构,进行有限元分析时可以充分考虑沥青混合料颗粒和微空隙分布非均匀特性.计算分析了各向异性和空隙分布对沥青混合料劈裂试验的影响,数值计算结果发现沥青混合料颗粒和空隙分布的非均匀性对拉应力分布影响极大.研究结果表明:采用基于CT图像处理技术的有限元模型进行沥青混合料粘弹特性的研究是可行的.     

Microstructure modeling and virtual test of asphalt mixture based on three-dimensional discrete element method

The objective of this work is to model the microstructure of asphalt mixture and build virtual test for asphalt mixture by using Particle Flow Code in three dimensions(PFC~(3D))based on three-dimensional discrete element method.A randomly generating algorithm was proposed to capture the three-dimensional irregular shape of coarse aggregate.And then,modeling algorithm and method for graded aggregates were built.Based on the combination of modeling of coarse aggregates,asphalt mastic and air voids,three-dimensional virtual sample of asphalt mixture was modeled by using PFC~(3D).Virtual tests for penetration test of aggregate and uniaxial creep test of asphalt mixture were built and conducted by using PFC~(3D).By comparison of the testing results between virtual tests and actual laboratory tests,the validity of the microstructure modeling and virtual test built in this study was verified.Additionally,compared with laboratory test,the virtual test is easier to conduct and has less variability.It is proved that microstructure modeling and virtual test based on three-dimensional discrete element method is a promising way to conduct research of asphalt mixture.     

考虑松弛的沥青混合料疲劳损伤累计模型研究

根据应变控制疲劳试验的受力特点,通过分解沥青混合料应变,控制疲劳试验输入和输出响应,分析沥青混合料应变控制疲劳试验过程中的松弛现象.基于损伤力学和粘弹理论,分析由应力松弛引起的疲劳损伤和演化规律,建立考虑应力松弛沥青混合料疲劳损伤累计模型.相同条件下一组大样本疲劳试验结果与模型计算结果的对比表明,提出的损伤演化模型不仅拟合效果良好,且揭示沥青混合料在重复载荷作用下初期模量衰减的粘弹非线性本质,有利于沥青混合料疲劳研究和寿命预测.     

改性多孔沥青混合料水稳定性与损伤规律

为了提高季冻区多孔沥青路面的使用质量、减轻路面冻融损伤,采用玻璃纤维、硅藻土与沥青路面旧料以改善多孔沥青混合料性能。分析不同材料掺量的多孔沥青混合料在冻融循环下的抗压强度、空隙率及应变变化,并考虑不同材料与不同材料掺量对多孔沥青混合料水稳定性的影响;基于损伤力学理论以抗压强度为指标表示强度率,研究改性多孔沥青混合料的冻融损伤演化规律;基于CT无损检测与数字图像处理技术,分析玻璃纤维多孔沥青混合料冻融前后空隙数量与空隙面积的变化规律。结果表明：混合料抗压强度随冻融循环次数的增加而降低,而空隙率与应变呈上升趋势;具有玻璃纤维掺量0.7%、沥青路面旧料掺量15%、硅藻土掺量25%和掺量15%沥青路面旧料及20%硅藻土的4种多孔沥青混合料水稳定性能最好,其中玻璃纤维的改性效果最佳;掺入玻璃纤维、15%掺量硅藻土与15%掺量沥青路面旧料能减轻多孔沥青混合料的冻融损伤,但硅藻土再生多孔沥青混合料损伤程度均较大,损伤前期强度较高,更适用于短时冻土区;与硅藻土再生多孔沥青混合料相比,玻璃纤维多孔沥青混合料、再生多孔沥青混合料与硅藻土多孔沥青混合料经历了长时间的快速损伤期、短时间的损伤稳定期与损伤发展期;玻璃纤维掺量较低的试样空隙数量增加,平均单个空隙面积减小,而掺量较高的试样表现相反。     

Evaluation of Mixture Performance Recycled Asphalt Pavement Materials as Base Layer with or without Rejuvenator into the Asphalt

The binder properties were determined in accordance with Chinese standard such as ductility test,which allowed to measure the distance in centimeters that a standard briquette of asphalt had been stretched before breaking.Then,penetration test was carried out in order to know some properties of the asphalt,which are the hardness and the softness.Finally,softening point test was carried out in order to determine the temperature at which the bitumen attains a particular degree of softening under the specification of the test.According to Chinese standard for performance tests,firstly,Marshall test was carried out in order to measure the theoretical density,air voids,voids filled with asphalt,stability,flow,and voids in mineral aggregate of asphalt specimens.Secondly,Freeze-thaw splitting test was carried out in order to determine Splitting strength ratio.Finally,dynamic stability (rutting) test was carried out to determine average dynamic stability.Beside the tests carried out,the gradation of the extracted aggregate in accordance with American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials was carried out to determine the dimensions of the particles weight distribution.Furthermore,both the percentage of recycled asphalt pavement materials and binder in mixture were determined to know how much of the new material during the mixture was needed.However,two specimens were used to evaluate the performance of recycled asphalt pavement materials.One specimen of recycled asphalt pavement materials was ten years old,and another one of recycled asphalt pavement materials was five years old.The results show that the conditions of the environment such as moisture,temperature,and age,decrease the ductility and penetration properties of binder when increase the softening point property of binder.Then the gradation of recycled asphalt pavement aggregate is of the required values to reuse in the mixture,while the flow ratio,the splitting strength ratio,and the dynamic stability ratio,are less than the required value test.With regard to the properties of mixture of recycled asphalt pavement material binder with rejuvenator,the results show that when the penetration and ductility versus percentage of rejuvenator increase,softening point versus percentage of rejuvenator decreases.Also,when the bitumen and rejuvenator percentage increase,the air voids decrease.Consequently,voids filled with asphalt and voids in the mineral aggregate increase.Moreover,the theoretical density and stability values decrease in a mixture containing four-point fifty percent to six percent of bitumen and rejuvenator,whereas the flow values increase.More interestingly,with four percent to four-point fifty percent mixture ratio of bitumen and rejuvenator,density,stability,and flow values increase.The splitting strength ratio values of mixtures and the dynamic stability test (rutting test) values of mixtures with forty percent of specimen one and specimen two respectively are greater than the required value of the standard test.In addition,the high percentage of rejuvenator increases the rut of pavement,in the same manner,the low percentage of rejuvenator induces low rut.In conclusion,the binder content from recycled materials without rejuvenator seems not be sufficient to be reused on the new pavement while the aged recycled material seems to be performed better than no aged recycled material with rejuvenator into bitumen.Then,the rejuvenator can influence the bitumen properties and performance of the pavement.Finally,the pavement made by only recycled pavement materials as a base layer appears to be more economical but cannot be more effective than the pavement made by mixture of new and recycled pavement materials as a base layer.     

低RAP掺量沥青混合料冻融性能试验

针对低掺量RAP热拌沥青混合料的抗冻融性能存在的一些问题,采用不同RAP掺量和不同级配类型的沥青混合料进行冻融劈裂试验.利用多元线性回归建立影响因素与强度比的关系,采用因子分析法找出主要的影响因子,并利用超景深显微镜及电镜分析沥青混合料的微观形貌.结果表明:AC-10材料的冻融劈裂强度比优于AC-13;随着RAP掺量的增加,冻融劈裂强度比随之下降;粒径1. 18 mm以下的细集料与沥青的老化程度是影响冻融劈裂强度的关键因素.     

Effects of Aggregate Size and Specimen Scale on Asphalt Mixture Cracking Using a Micromechanical Simulation Approach

A micromechanical model based on discrete element method(DEM) was employed to investigate the effects of aggregate size and specimen scale on the cracking behavior of asphalt mixture. An algorithm for generating three-dimensional aggregates that can reflect the realistic geometry such as shape, size and fracture surface of aggregate particles was developed using a user-defined procedure coded with FISH language in particle flow code in three-dimensions(PFC3 D). The parallel-bond model(PBM), linear contact model(LCM), and slip model(SM), whose sets of micro parameters were obtained by comparing experimental tests with numerical simulation results, were used to characterize the internal contact behavior of asphalt mixture. Digital asphalt mixture specimens were used to simulate the effects of aggregate size and specimen scale on the cracking behavior by the indirect tensile(IDT) test. Some conclusions can be drawn as follows: Both cracks and IDT strength decrease with increasing aggregate size. However, the heterogeneity of contact-force distribution augments with increasing aggregate size, especially with 13.2-16 mm aggregate. The aggregate size of 4.75-9.5 mm dominates in forming skeleton structure for asphalt mixture. The IDT strength decreases and cracks augment with increasing sample scale. The crack growth can be well interpreted from the perspective of energy analysis. The conclusions show that the proposed micromechanical model is suitable for the simulation of crack propagation. This study provides an assistant tool to further study the cracking behavior of particle-reinforced composites material such as asphalt mixture and Portland cement concrete.     

基于强度特性的沥青混合料设计参数

为了改善沿海含盐高湿环境下沥青路面的水稳定性,首先,分析间接拉伸强度( ITS)用于沥青混合料沥青用量设计的可行性;然后,在不同条件下进行间接拉伸试验,分析温度、加载速率和沥青用量对ITS的影响;最后,对不同条件下混合料的ITS与冻融劈裂试验结果的相关性进行分析。研究结果表明：沥青混合料的ITS随试验温度的升高逐渐减小,随加载速率的增加逐渐增大,随沥青用量的增多先增大后减小,并在区间内某一用量下达到峰值;在温度40℃、加载速率5 mm/min的条件下,混合料的ITS与冻融劈裂强度比( TSR)的相关性最高,可以利用该条件下的ITS作为沿海地区混合料最佳沥青用量设计的力学参数。     

基于筛余特征参数的沥青混合料路用性能预测方法

为研究混合料级配变异与路用性能的关系,预测沥青混合料的路用性能,构建了典型的沥青混合料级配变异模式,提出筛余特征参数来表征混合料的级配变异特征,并使用SPSS软件对混合料的结构参数与路用性能进行相关性分析,建立了沥青混合料路用性能预测方法,以沥青混合料结构参数为中介,通过回归分析建立变异级配筛余特征参数与路用性能指标的关系方程,并确定了各路用性能指标值的合格标准。通过试验进行了沥青混合料路用性能预测方法的验证,结果表明,该方法对马歇尔稳定度、冻融劈裂强度比、蠕变速率、残留稳定度的预测与实际结果符合较好。可据此实现对沥青混合料变异级配的部分路用性能结果的预测,在不影响施工进程的条件下实现快速调整施工配合比,保证了沥青混合料的路用性能。     

泡沫沥青再生混合料劈裂强度影响因素试验

为了研究不同泡沫沥青用量和旧沥青路面铣刨料(简称RAP)掺量两因素对泡沫沥青再生混合料劈裂强度的影响,采用两种不同的沥青路面铣刨旧料RAP1和RAP2,通过变化旧料掺量为0%、20%、40%、60%、80%5种比例,分别与2%、2.5%、3%、3.5%、4%5种用量的泡沫沥青混和,拌制泡沫沥青再生混合料,成型试件后进行干、湿两种条件下的劈裂强度(ITS)和残留劈裂强度比(TSR)测试.结果表明:在沥青旧料掺量比例一定的情况下,混合料的泡沫沥青用量存在最佳值;随着RAP掺量逐渐增大,泡沫沥青再生混合料的最佳沥青用量却逐渐减小,其值由RAP掺量为0时的3.5%减少到掺量为80%时的2%;随着RAP掺量的增大,泡沫沥青再生混合料干、湿ITS呈现减小趋势,但TSR却有所提高.     

冻融循环条件下沥青混合料的耐久性及其GM(1,N)预测

通过沥青混合料空隙率及冻融前后混合料劈裂抗拉强度变化进行冻融循环条件下沥青混合料的耐久性能研究,并采用灰色系统理论中GM(1,N)模型对冻融循环条件下沥青混合料的耐久性能进行预测。试验结果表明:沥青混合料耐久性因素中的空隙率和劈裂抗拉强度与冻融次数之间有良好的相关性,在冻融循环条件下,空隙率随着冻融次数的增加而明显增加,劈裂抗拉强度随着冻融次数增加显著减小。建立的GM(1,N)灰色预测模型能够较好地预测冻融循环条件下沥青混合料的空隙率和劈裂抗拉强度,且计算结果与试验数据吻合较好,表明在冻融循环条件下沥青混合料耐久性研究中引入灰色系统理论是可行的;通过GM(1,N)多因素预测,可以大量减轻试验工作量以及降低试验成本。     

沥青混合料劈裂强度的影响因素

选用相同的试验材料,通过室内劈裂试验,研究了常温和低温下级配、油石比、空隙率以及均匀性对沥青混合料劈裂强度的影响规律。研究结果表明:常温下,随着级配变粗,沥青混合料劈裂强度增大;低温下,随着油石比增大,沥青混合料劈裂强度和劲度模量增大,破坏应变减小;随着空隙率的增大,沥青混合料劈裂强度减小;沥青混合料均匀性与劈裂强度间没有直接明显的相关性,但与其变异性间的关系很好。     

硫磺改性沥青混合料基本性能的研究

为考察硫磺改性沥青混合料的路用性能,选取AC-13和AC-20两种混合料类型、4种不同的硫磺掺量（硫磺占硫磺改性沥青胶结料的质量百分比分别为0%、30%、35%、40%）作为对比,采用浸水马歇尔试验、冻融劈裂试验、汉堡车辙试验测试了其水稳定性能,采用车辙试验、三点小梁弯曲试验和Overlay Tester试验分别测试了其高温性能、低温性能与疲劳性能,采用动态模量试验获得了其力学参数. 结果表明: 添加质量分数为30%硫磺后,AC-13和AC-20沥青混合料动稳定度分别提高了18%和26%,疲劳开裂性能有所提高, 低温性能没有明显改变. 添加不同质量分数的硫磺,沥青混合料的水稳定性能明显降低,其中AC-13沥青混合料在添加40%硫磺时冻融劈裂强度比下降达22%. 动态模量测试表明硫磺改性沥青混合料与普通沥青混合料动态模量变化趋势相同,但-10 ℃~54 ℃温度区间较普通沥青混合料动态模量要高.     

Investigation of Water Stability of Concrete Wastes in Asphalt Treated Base

The use of concrete wastes in asphalt treated base (ATB) not only prevents environmental pollution but also protect stone resources. But the strength of the concrete wastes is often weaker than nature aggregates and the binding properties with asphalt is poor. So it difficult to meet the requirements of asphalt treated base. In this paper,The organosilicone waterproofing material is used to improve the performance of concrete wastes and the long term immersing frozen-thaw cycle test were used to investigate the anti-stripping performance of limestone asphalt mixture,concrete wastes asphalt mixture and concrete wastes asphalt mixture having treated by organosilicone waterproofing material. The experimental results show that organosilicone waterproofing material can improve the water stability of asphalt mixture. The use of concrete wastes in ATB is achievable.     

多孔安山岩在沥青路面中的应用研究

采用沥青浸渍集料、浸渍集料混合料、浸渍沥青混合料3种不同的沥青浸渍法和计算法分别确定沥青混合料的最大理论相对密度,并进行配合比设计,确定最佳油石比。对比分析了沥青混合料的各项路用性能,对未掺加抗剥落剂、掺加液体抗剥落剂和掺加消石灰的安山岩沥青混合料,分别进行了常规水稳定性能试验和汉堡车辙试验。结果表明:较之计算法,采用沥青浸渍法确定安山岩沥青混合料的最大理论相对密度进行配合比设计得到的沥青混合料各项路用性能更优;汉堡车辙试验可以很好地评价沥青混合料的水稳定性能,对于多孔安山岩,掺加消石灰为提高沥青混合料水稳定性能的最佳措施。     

Effect of Silicone Maintenance Materials on Thermal Aging Resistance of Asphalt Mixture

Early water damage of asphalt pavement is one of the major types of destruction,so taking maintenance on asphalt pavement at the proper time is necessary. Many new maintenance materials and methods are in use nowadays to prevent pavement from water damage and skidding. This paper aims to study the effects of the silicone maintenance materials on thermal aging resistance of asphalt mixture. After thermal aging,the asphalt mixture using silicone materials and the control mixture are evaluated through their engineering properties,including indirect tensile modulus,low-temperature performance and fatigue resistance. The results indicate that the silicone materials used as repairing material can improve low-temperature performance and fatigue resistance of asphalt mixture,and decrease the indirect tensile modulus ratio before and after thermal aging. Consequently,the silicone maintenance material has the ability to protect asphalt mixture from thermal aging.     

Numerical Investigation into the Effect of Air Voids on the Anisotropy of Asphalt Mixtures

The aim of this study is to investigate the asphalt mixture anisotropy of both the modulus and Poisson's ratio due to air voids using a discrete element modeling simulation method. Three three-dimensional cubic digital samples of asphalt mixture with different shapes of single air void were built using discrete element software PFC~(3D). The aggregate gradation, air voids and mastic included in the digital samples were modeled using different contact models, with due consideration of the volumetric fractions of the different phases. Laboratory uniaxial complex modulus test and indirect tensile strength test were conducted to obtain material input parameters for numerical modeling. Simulation of the uniaxial cyclic compressive tests was performed on the three cubic samples loaded in three different directions. Dynamic modulus in three directions and Poisson's ratio in six directions were calculated from the compression stress-strain responses. Results show that both the modulus and Poisson's ratio are dependent on the preferential orientation of air voids. The anisotropy of the modulus and Poisson's ratio increases as the pressure loading on the asphalt mixture increases. Compared to the modulus, Poisson's ratio due to air voids has been shown to be more anisotropic. The maximum of Poisson's ratio and modulus is shown to be up to 80% and 11% higher than the minimum, respectively.     

AC-13改性沥青混合料劈裂强度的影响因素及其与马歇尔性能指标的相关性

应用正交试验设计和统计分析方法研究了AC-13改性沥青混合料在15℃时的劈裂强度的影响因素和排序,以及与马歇尔性能指标的相关性。结果表明,细集料级配对劈裂强度影响显著,其筛孔通过率的排序为2.36mm筛孔4.75mm筛孔0.075mm筛孔油石比9.5mm筛孔。其中,2.36mm筛孔通过率对劈裂强度影响接近高度显著,而油石比和9.5mm筛孔通过率对劈裂强度影响不显著;劈裂强度与马歇尔性能指标之间存在较为明显的线性相关性,绝对相关系数均大于68%,随空隙率的逐渐增大,劈裂强度衰减近30%。     

再生沥青混合料的黏弹性动态响应及疲劳性能

为了分析废旧沥青路面材料(RAP)对热拌沥青混合料的黏弹性动态响应及疲劳性能的影响,设计了不同RAP掺量(10%、20%、30%)及不同级配(AC-13和AC-16)的沥青混合料,采用沥青混合料性能试验仪(AMPT)在不同温度和加载频率下的动态模量,之后采用时间-温度等效原理,确定了不同沥青混合料的动态模量主曲线;并对不同沥青混合料进行了单轴拉伸疲劳试验,通过简化的黏弹性连续损伤模型(S-VECD),确定了不同级配、不同RAP含量的沥青混合料的损伤特征曲线(C-S),及基于能量的疲劳失效标准与疲劳加载次数之间的关系(GR-Nf).结果表明:沥青混合料的动态模量随着温度的升高、加载频率的降低而降低,温度越低、频率越高,沥青混合料越接近弹性体,反之越接近黏性体;从不同级配的沥青混合料的动态模量主曲线中可以看出,RAP含量越高,其动态模量越高,但总体来看相差不大.疲劳试验及分析表明:RAP含量较高时,其疲劳性能较低,表明其应力松弛能力较差,因此应更加关注再生沥青混合料的抗疲劳性能.     

混杂纤维沥青混合料低温抗裂性的研究

为提高沥青混凝土的低温性能,将聚酯纤维、聚丙烯腈纤维、木质素纤维复合掺入SMA沥青混合料中做正交分析,通过劈裂试验和小梁弯曲试验,对沥青混合料低温抗裂性能进行研究.试验表明:混杂纤维沥青混合料的低温性能明显高于仅加入木质素纤维;通过极差分析和方差分析,当聚丙烯腈纤维、聚酯纤维、木质素纤维掺量分别为0.2％,0.2％,0...