交直流联合输电系统中HVDC的自适应全局快速Terminal滑模控制

为了提高阻尼系数未知的交直流联合输电系统的运行稳定性,对系统未知参数进行动态估计,同时考虑到自适应backstepping滑模控制器的不足,采用自适应全局Terminal滑模控制方法,设计了一种新型直流输电系统的非线性附加控制器。该方法通过快速调节直流输电线路的输送功率,实现对整个系统稳定性的调节;综合线性滑动模态与非线性滑动模态的优点,使失稳系统能够快速、精确地收敛至平衡状态;考虑系统受具有未知上界的不确定小扰动及三相短路大扰动的影响,分别对干扰未知上界及系统未知参数进行实时动态估计。通过与自适应backstepping滑模控制器进行数值仿真对比,结果表明,该控制器具有更小的超调量,更短的控制响应时间,更准确的未知参数估计性能和更强的鲁棒性,能够更有效地提高系统的稳定性。     

非线性状态PI汽门控制器的研究

针对电力系统的强非线性和不确定性,设计了非线性状态PI汽门控制器。直接对其不确定对象进行设计,避免了反馈线性化非线性汽门控制由于数学模型的误差而影响控制器性能的缺点。所得的控制规律与系统运行点和网络结构完全无关,同时控制器本身结构简单,仅需发电机局部信息,易于在多机系统中实现分散协调控制。仿真计算表明,非线性状态PI汽门控制器能有效地提高系统的暂态稳定性。     

基于扰动观测器的电力系统鲁棒滑模控制器设计

针对多机电力系统中的励磁系统,设计一种基于扰动观测器的滑模控制(Perturbation Observer based Sliding-mode Control, POSMC)以提高系统稳定性。首先,将系统的非线性、参数不确定性、未建模动态和外部时变扰动聚合为一个扰动,同时由一个滑模状态扰动观测器(Sliding-mode State and Perturbation Observer, SMSPO)对该扰动进行实时快速估计。随后,通过滑模控制器对该扰动估计进行在线完全补偿以实现全局一致的控制能力。POSMC具备结构简单、可靠性高、不依赖系统精确模型以及仅需测量发电机功角一个状态量等优点。最后,基于机械功率阶跃变化、三相短路以及发电机参数不确定性三个算例验证了POSMC的有效性和鲁棒性,其能在各种工况下实现最佳的动态性能,有利于电力系统发生故障后恢复稳定运行。     

发电机自适应Terminal滑模励磁控制

建立了单机无穷大系统的励磁控制数学模型,设计了一种自适应Terminal滑模励磁控制器。通过在滑模面加入非线性函数,使得误差能够快速收敛,从而取得良好的控制效果。同时考虑了系统中存在未知上界的不确定扰动,在设计中加入了自适应环节,实时估计扰动上界,从而使控制器具有较强的鲁棒性。根据李亚普洛夫理论证明了所设计控制系统的稳定性。仿真结果表明,无论是小扰动还是大扰动下均能有效提高系统稳定性,维持机端电压,效果优于自适应逆推滑模励磁控制。     

基于扩张状态观测器和Terminal滑模的HVDC非线性鲁棒控制器设计

针对高压直流输电系统(HVDC)强非线性和模型不确定性的特点,提出了一种基于扩张状态观测器(extended stateobserver,ESO)和Terminal滑模的HVDC非线性鲁棒控制策略。首先利用Terminal滑模设计出系统的虚拟控制输入,再由ESO来估计系统的内、外扰动以及不确定因素,并将其动态补偿到系统中,设计出了整流侧定电流和逆变侧定关断角非线性控制器。仿真结果表明,与常规的PI控制器相比,该控制器表现出良好的动态性能和稳态性能,提高了系统的鲁棒性。     

风力发电系统最大功率跟踪自适应鲁棒控制

为了提高风力发电系统最大功率跟踪(MPPT)运行的工作性能,针对系统未知建模误差和外部扰动等不确定问题,提出了一种MPPT自适应鲁棒控制方法。该方法建立在基于广义扰动的风力发电系统角速度跟踪动态模型基础上,不依赖于系统模型参数和外部扰动辨识。利用MPPT跟踪偏差的非线性状态反馈和扰动边界值的在线实时估计,自适应地调整切换控制项增益,以加快系统收敛的速度。实际控制律经过一阶积分输出,进一步削弱控制输出信号幅值的抖振,平滑发电转矩,提高跟踪精度。通过构造Lyapunov函数,验证了闭环系统的全局稳定性。通过与常规线性PID控制和非线性动态状态反馈控制(SFC)进行仿真比较,验证了该控制器实现最大功率跟踪控制的良好效果,具有较强的鲁棒性和自适应性。     

发电机非线性状态PI励磁汽门协调控制器的研究

针对电力系统的强非线性和不确定性的特点 ,直接对其非线性不确定对象设计了非线性状态PI励磁汽门协调控制器。避免了一般反馈线性化励磁汽门综合控制由于数学模型的误差而影响控制器性能的缺点。所得的控制规律与系统运行点和网络结构完全无关 ,同时控制器本身结构简单 ,仅需发电机局部信息 ,易于在多机系统中实现分散协调控制。仿真计算表明非线性状态PI励磁汽门协调控制器能够有效地提高系统的暂态稳定性。     

发电机非线性状态PI励磁汽门协调控制器的研究

针对电力系统的强非线性和不确定性的特点,直接对其非线性不确定对象设计了非线性状态PI励磁汽门协调控制器。避免了一般反馈线性化励磁汽门综合控制由于数学模型的误差而影响控制器性能的缺点。所得的控制规律与系统运行点和网络结构完全无关,同时控制器本身结构简单,仅需发电机局部信息,易于在多机系统中实现分散协调控制。仿真计算表明非线性状态PI励磁汽门协调控制器能够有效地提高系统的暂态稳定性。     

基于结构保留模型的静止无功补偿器鲁棒非线性控制

采用Hamilton函数方法研究了静止无功补偿器(SVC)的鲁棒非线性控制问题。首先基于系统网络结构特点,建立了包含SVC、恒功率负荷和有界外部扰动的电力系统的结构保留不确定非线性控制数学模型,然后通过坐标变换和预置状态反馈控制完成了系统的耗散Hamilton实现。最后,基于该耗散实现设计了鲁棒控制器,并分析了闭环系统的渐近稳定性。由于充分利用了系统的内在耗散结构特性,所设计的鲁棒控制器物理意义明确,易于实现。与常规PID控制器的仿真比较表明,该鲁棒控制器作用下系统的超调量小、响应速度快,能有效抑制外部干扰对系统暂态稳定性的影响,有效提高了系统的动态性能。     

多机电力系统最优滑模鲁棒励磁控制北大核心CSCD

针对多机电力系统非线性以及存在不确定扰动的特点,结合线性二次最优控制与积分滑模控制,设计了一种最优滑模鲁棒控制器。用扩张状态观测器对系统的非线性动态实时估计,通过反馈实现线性化;针对传统最优控制存在的问题,采用积分滑模控制进行处理。所构造的积分滑模面使系统在滑动模态的整个过程中对不确定性具有完全鲁棒性。仿真结果表明,该控制律不但能有效地改善系统在大干扰下的暂态稳定性,而且对不确定扰动有较强的鲁棒性。     

Optimal decentralized load frequency control

A new approach for optimal decentralized load frequency control of a multi-area interconnected power system is presented, which includes the optimal design of a decentralized load frequency controller, an observer for unmeasurable local states and load disturbances, and a quadratic estimator for tie-line power flow information transmitted at intervals. The optimal design of the decentralized controller is based on a modified application of the singular perturbation theory, and the decentralized Luenberger observer uses techniques of state augmentation for exponential disturbance functions and the representation of tie-line power flows as indirectly controlled inputs. The approach presented herein is tested numerically through a two-area load frequency system model, and the results demonstrate remarkable advantages over the conventional ones.     

多馈入交直流混合系统的智能模糊分散协调控制

为了解决多馈入交直流混合系统中诸控制元件之间协调的问题,根据模糊逻辑推理方法与最优分散协调算法,设计了智能模糊分散协调控制器(FODC),从而使整个交直流系统的性能达到最优.用NETOMAC仿真软件仿真了一三机双直流系统.仿真结果表明,所设计的FODC确实能提高整个交直流输电系统的稳定性,且优于常规的无分散协调控制(NDC)和有分散协调控制(ODC),在不同扰动下亦能表现出很好的适应性.     

Decentralized load frequency controller for a multi-area interconnected power system

This paper proposes a control scheme for the load frequency control (LFC) problem of multi-area power systems. These systems are treated as interconnected dynamical systems. In the design of the proposed controller, each local area network is overlapped with states representing the interconnections with the other local area networks in the global system. Then, a decentralized control scheme is developed as function of the local area state variables and those resulting from the overlapped states which represent an approximation of the interconnection variables. The proposed controller guarantees the asymptotic stability of the overall closed loop system.The simulation results indicate that the proposed control scheme works well. In addition, they show that the controlled system is robust to changes in the parameters of the power system and to bounded input disturbances acting on the system. Moreover, the simulation results show that the controlled system behaves well even when there is a maximum limit on the rate of change in power generation.     

Decentralized coordinated control for large power system based on transient stability assessment

For the purpose of enhancing transient stability of large power systems, this paper focuses on an issue of decentralized coordinated control. A modified equal area criterion (MEAC) is firstly proposed as the transient stability judgment criterion of multi-machine power systems. Then, a hierarchical decentralized coordinated excitation control is designed, which consists of both upper level coordinated control and lower level decentralized control. Based on the transient stability assessment, the coordinated controller determines whether to send coordinated control signal to lower level decentralized controllers. Moreover, the decentralized coordinated controller is designed by using H_∞ robust control method so as to deal with the uncertainties of system. Finally, simulation studies test effectiveness of the proposed control.     

带电压调节功能的非线性鲁棒控制器

提出了一种既可增加多机电力系统暂态稳定性又可达到机端输出电压调节功能的非线性鲁棒控制器。该控制器由一个直接反馈线性化（DFL）控制器和一个比例积分（PI）控制器组成。DFL控制器用于降低多机电力系统的非线性程度以及各机之间的相互作用。所提控制器设计方法既可保证系统稳定性又可达到调节电压的目的,同时在实现时不需要测量发电机功角。仿真结果表明,所提出的方案可在很宽的运行范围内增加系统的阻尼及稳定性。     

电力系统混沌振荡的自适应最优控制

电力系统在周期性负荷扰动的作用下会发生混沌振荡,甚至由此而失去稳定。为抑制这种情况下的混沌振荡,保证电力系统运行的稳定性,利用自适应最优控制方法设计了在周期性负荷扰动幅值不确定以及系统参数不确定情况下的混沌振荡控制器;并利用Lyapunov稳定性理论证明了受扰的、未精确建模的电力系统在该控制器作用下可以保持渐近稳定。因此,当电力系统所受到的周期性负荷扰动的幅值不确定且引起电力系统混沌振荡甚至失去稳定时,自适应最优控制器可以使电力系统获得渐近稳定,即能回到初始平衡点上。数值仿真也表明了该控制器的控制效果。     

Delay-dependent robust stabilization for steam valve opening of uncertain time-delay multi-machine power system with sector saturating actuator

In this paper, the time-dependent robust decentralized controller has been proposed for the steam valve opening of time-delay multi-machine power system with sector saturating actuator. Here, the nonlinear interconnected function is expressed by sinusoidal functions, and furthermore, is enlarged into quadratically bounded inequalities in the subsystem states via transformation of trigonometric functions. Two sufficient conditions of closed-loop multi-machine power system asymptomatic stability are derived based on Lyapunov stability theory and state transformation. Controller gain matrices are presented by solving linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). A two-machine infinite bus system is considered as an application example, and the simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

基于变结构的协同控制方法及其在DC/DC开关变换器中应用

为解决滑模控制因开关频率不固定而不能实用的问题,引入协同控制方法并将其应用于DC/DC开关变换器。简要介绍协同控制方法的解析生成过程。利用变结构理论分析协同控制方法的收敛速度以及对外部干扰和内部参数变化的鲁棒性。分析表明,协同控制方法开关频率恒定、容易数字实现和离开流形的动态特性较好;从任意初始状态都能按指数收敛到流形;对满足一定匹配条件的系统内部参数扰动和外部干扰具有不变性。以带恒功率负载的Boost变换器为例,讨论了协同控制器的设计问题,给出该闭环系统的稳定条件,基于稳定条件设置协同控制参数。Simulink仿真结果表明,协同控制器能渐近稳定在目标工作点上,对负载突变和负载功率突变具有较强的鲁棒性。     

Robust hierarchized controllers using wide area measurements in power systems

In this paper, we present a new method for robust centralized controller design using LMI’s with applications to power systems. This method makes possible to increase the damping rate of the decentralized system (that is, power system with PSS’s). It considers delays added to the signals that travel from the generators to the central controller. The robust hierarchized controller is composed by two control layers: the first one consists on decentralized controllers, that are applied independently to each machine of the system, what guarantees the stability and a minimum damping rate; the second one is composed by a centralized controller, that receives delayed information from all machines of the system, and it sends control signals to all generators. The centralized controller algorithm is robust, once it considers various operative conditions for the power system, and it also permits the choice of the communication delays.     

Decentralized robust adaptive load frequency control using interactions estimation

In this paper, a new model reference decentralized adaptive output feedback controller is proposed for load-frequency control (LFC) of large-scale power systems with unknown parameters. The main problem with a decentralized robust LFC is that the interactions are treated as disturbances. This results in a conservative control action to maintain stability in the worst-case scenario. Furthermore, to improve the performance of the decentralized LFC, the proposed method estimates the interactions from other subsystems to modify the adaptive controller so that the interactions are effectively neutralized. The other important features of the proposed controller are: (1) no prior information about the system parameters is required, (2) random changes in the operating conditions are traced, (3) only the local input–output data are needed, (4) the robustness of the overall system against the system parameter uncertainties is guaranteed. To show the effectiveness of the proposed controller, a three-area power system is studied. The simulation results are promising and highlight the remarkable performance of the controller even in the presence of both plant parameter changes and high interactions.