统一潮流控制器的分析与控制策略

文中分析了统一潮流控制器（UPFC）系统的电压、无功功率和有功功率的平衡,得到了与UPFC控制相关的2个重要结论。首先,分析表明在UPFC输入端电压保持不变的情况下,线路无功潮流的变化实际上是由并联变换器提供的;其次,UPFC端电压既可以从发送端控制也可以从接收端控制。基于以上分析,提出了一种新颖的UPFC控制策略。在该策略中并联变换器控制UPFC直流母线电压和输电线无功潮流,而串联变换器控制UPFC输入端母线电压幅值和输电线有功潮流。同时,在控制系统中加入有功／无功功率协调控制,可在潮流调节中获得良好的静态、动态性能。最后,通过实验验证了所提出的控制策略的有效性。     

UPFC动态模型在电力系统动态分析中的实现

在计及直流电容器动态的UPFC动态模型的基础上,引入交替迭代法实现 了UPFC动态模型与电力系统的接口。应用这种接口处理方法,对含UPFC的电力系统进行了动 态仿真分析。仿真过程中,UPFC的并联侧控制为定端电压控制和定直流电容电压控制,而串 联侧为定线路功率控制或定串联补偿控制。仿真结果表明在UPFC动态模型中计及电容器充 放电动态的必要性,以及接口算法的有效性。并且可以看出不同的控制系统下UPFC的控制性 能差别很大,反映了UPFC在系统中的应用效果对其控制系统的依赖性     

Investigation of performance of UPFC without DC link capacitor

This paper presents an analysis of the dynamic operation of unified power flow controller without DC link capacitor. In this scheme of UPFC the shunt converter present in the static synchronous compensator is operated as a current source rectifier, which maintains a fixed DC voltage and DC current on the DC link without capacitor. The capacitor in the DC link is replaced by an AC filter on the line side with a very small value to reduce higher order harmonics. The voltage source inverter present in the series compensator is operated with space vector modulation technique. The proposed scheme is fully validated through digital simulation. The simulated results show that the DC link voltage is maintained constant without DC link capacitor; STATCOM provides good voltage regulation and static synchronous series compensator influences power flow over the transmission line. Transient responses of single machine infinite bus power system have also been presented.     

含统一潮流控制器装置的电力系统动态混合仿真接口算法研究

提出了一种新的含UPFC装置的电力系统动态混合仿真接口算法，算法中对UPFC采用动态相量建模，对电力系统网络则采用成熟的机电暂态仿真。仿真中UPFC并联侧采用定交流母线电压控制和定直流电容电压控制，串联侧采用定线路潮流控制。文中推导了UPFC的动态相量模型，讨论了与网络机电暂态模型的接口算法。研究分析和算例仿真表明：使用动态相量建模可精确地仿真UPFC的电磁暂态（EMT）过程，且仿真速度快；文中所提混合仿真方案能保证较快的仿真速度和优良的仿真精度，具有较好的收敛性，且可用于含UPFC等FACTS装置的系统发生不对称故障时的暂态稳定分析。     

UPFC装置参数设计研究

设计了一套统一潮流控制器装置,确定它的装置容量后,按其功率模型确定了串联侧注入输电线路的电压幅值、流过串联变换器的电流、并联侧变换器向系统注入的电流、串并联侧交换的有功功率、UPFC串联侧出口电压和并联侧接入母线电压的运行约束值。一套15kVA用于动模系统试验装置的仿真结果证明了在满足运行约束条件下,本文所设计的UPFC能快速有效改善系统的电压和潮流。     

Investigation of SSR characteristics of unified power flow controller

The unified power flow controller (UPFC) is the most versatile flexible ac transmission system (FACTS) controller which can be used to control active and reactive power flows in a transmission line in addition to the bus voltage. The active series compensation is provided by injecting series reactive voltage. The voltage at the two ports of UPFC are regulated by control of shunt current and series real voltage. It also has several operating control modes such as voltage and power regulation, line impedance compensation, etc. This paper presents the analysis and study of sub-synchronous resonance (SSR) characteristics of UPFC. The various combination of operating modes of shunt and series converters are considered for investigating their effect on SSR characteristics.The analysis of SSR with UPFC is carried out based on frequency domain method, eigenvalue analysis and transient simulation. The frequency domain method considers D-Q model of UPFC for the computation of damping torque for quick check in determining torsional mode stability. The study is performed on IEEE First Benchmark Model (FBM).     

基于直流侧电容电压弱控制策略的UPFC二阶段控制器设计

在分析常用直流侧电容电压控制方法的基础上，确定了直流侧电容电压强控制的概念，并相应地提出了直流侧电容电压弱控制策略。该策略能够利用UPFC直流侧电容吸收部分暂态能量，从而加速故障后线路上潮流稳定过程。基于直流侧电容电压弱控制的概念，结合线性最优控制方法，给出了相应的弱-强二阶段控制器设计实例及仿真结果。仿真实验表明，在系统发生三相对称短路故障时，该控制策略能够迅速地稳定被控线路的潮流和UPFC接入点的母线电压。该文提出的直流侧电容电压弱控制方式可与任一成熟的UPFC控制策略共同工作，以达到进一步改善控制效果的目的。     

限流式统一潮流控制器参数设计及设计实例

限流式统一潮流控制器（unified power flow controller with fault current limiting,UPFC-FCL）可以在系统发生短路故障时有效保护UPFC侧装置不受短路电流的冲击而损坏.在结合限流式UPFC工作原理的基础上,给出装置参数的设计方法,根据最大补偿容量和额定电流确定最大补偿电压,从而确定直流母线额定电压,根据补偿容量指标确定滤波电感的取值范围,按照短路电流水平设计限流电感.依据上述设计方法给出了额定电压为10 kV,最大补偿容量为1 MVA的装置设计实例,确定了串联侧注入系统的最大补偿电压、直流母线额定电压、并联侧及串联侧滤波电感、限流器模块限流电感等.PSCAD/EMTDC的仿真结果证明了文中设计的有效性和实用性.     

一种新型的统一潮流控制器设计方法

在介绍统一潮流控制器(UPFC)的构成、电压空间矢量脉宽调制技术及带有UPFC单机无穷大系统的 数学模型之后,采用两种控制策略来设计UPFC。第一部分采用电流预测的d q轴解耦控制策略结合电压空 间矢量脉宽调制技术来调节线路有功功率及无功功率。第二部分采用多输入单输出的自组织模糊神经网络和d q轴解耦控制策略并结合电压空间矢量脉宽调制技术来维持节点电压及电容器端电压的稳定。Matlab仿真结果表明:基于以上两种控制策略的UPFC能有效调节线路的有功功率及无功功率,保证节点电压及电 容器端电压的稳定,证明该     

Unified power flow controller models for three-phase power flow analysis

In this paper, three models of the unified power flow controller (UPFC) suitable for three-phase power flow analysis in polar coordinates are presented. The symmetrical components control model can be used to control the positive-sequence voltage of the shunt bus and the total three-phase active and reactive power flows of the transmission line while the injected shunt voltages and the series voltages are balanced, respectively; the general three-phase control model can be used to control the three shunt phase voltages and the six independent active and reactive power flows of the transmission line; the hybrid control model can be used to control the positive-sequence voltage of the shunt bus and the six independent active and reactive power flows of the transmission line. The proposed UPFC models were successfully implemented in a three-phase Newton power flow algorithm in polar coordinates. In the implementation of these UPFC models, transformers of some common connection types, which connect the UPFC with the network, are explicitly represented. Numerical results based on a five-bus system and the modified IEEE 118-bus system are given to illustrate the UPFC control models and demonstrate the computational performance of the three-phase Newton power flow algorithm.     

UPFC并联侧双环控制策略的研究

从统一潮流控制器（UPFC）并联侧系统数学模型出发,设计了UPFC并联侧双环控制系统,内环用电流解耦控制器实现dq轴电流解耦,外环用d轴控制直流电容电压,q轴控制节点电压的PI控制方式,同时加入电流前馈控制环节和电流反馈控制环节,提高了系统精度和响应速度。仿真系统采用高电压等级,并使用标幺值方法分析和计算各类控制器的参数,通过仿真验证了所设计系统的准确性和有效性。     

Unified power flow controller based on two shunt converters and a series capacitor

In this paper a novel configuration of unified power flow controller (UPFC) which consists of two shunt converters and a series capacitor is proposed. In this configuration, a series capacitor is used between two shunt converters to inject desired series voltage. As a result, it is possible to control the active and reactive power flow as same as the conventional configuration of UPFC. The main advantage of the proposed UPFC in comparison with the conventional configuration is injection of a series voltage waveform with a very low total harmonic distortion (THD). Also, using two shunt converters instead of a series and a shunt converters, results in reduction of design efforts and simplification of control, measuring and protection strategies. An optimal control strategy based on the discrete model of converters is applied to shunt converters. The proposed UPFC is simulated using PSCAD/EMTDC and MATLAB software and simulation results are presented to validate the effectiveness of the novel configuration of UPFC. Also, the experimental results which are obtained from an experimental set-up are presented.     

特高压直流接入背景下的UPFC系统级控制策略

为缓解特高压直流馈入受端电网后造成的多个交流输电通道紧张的问题,提高换流站交流母线暂态电压支撑强度和稳态调压能力,首先基于电网络理论推导了统一潮流控制器(UPFC)对输电线路电流、交流母线电压的控制灵敏度,分析了利用UPFC系统级控制功能(线路有功/无功潮流控制以及并联换流器无功功率控制)实现输电线路过载控制和交流母线电压调节的可行性。在此基础上,提出了一套特高压直流接入背景下的UPFC系统级控制策略,以监控系统运行参数并自动生成满足系统安全稳定约束的UPFC系统级控制指令值。最后,以锦苏直流落点附近的苏南500 kV UPFC示范工程作为仿真算例,验证了所提出的控制灵敏度分析的有效性和UPFC系统级控制策略的可行性。     

能量缓冲统一潮流控制器的协调控制技术

能量缓冲统一潮流控制器(ES-UPFC)是一种典型的柔性交流输电系统(FACTS)装置,它既可通过其串、并联侧对输电系统进行无功功率控制,又可通过其直流侧能量缓冲装置进行有功功率控制.这些控制要求使得整个系统协调工作的难度大为增加.文章通过研究三相换流器基本解耦控制方法,得到了UPFC串联、并联侧以及直流侧缓冲装置的控制方法,使得具有强烈非线性的UPFC控制方式更加快速、灵活和稳定,具有较强的鲁棒性,还提出了UPFC串、并联侧和能量缓冲器协调控制方法.该控制方法能够确保UPFC在各种运行模式下正确地工作,其工作的可靠性已为仿真实验所证实.     

Load voltage compensation using series–shunt power converter

This paper presents a method of amplitude control and unbalance compensation of the load voltage using a series–shunt power converter. The series power converter works to obtain a constant balanced sinusoidal load voltage. The shunt converter regulates the DC link voltage and compensates for the reactive current of the source within the rated current of the converter. To design the required capacity for the series–shunt power converter, the relation between the converter capacity and the load power factor at constant compensation voltage is introduced. The required capacity of the series–shunt power converter is reduced by more than 50% compared with that of a conventional series power converter. The effectiveness of the proposed load voltage compensation technique using the series–shunt power converter is verified by experiments. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Electr Eng Jpn, 136(3): 39–48, 2001     

UPFC的模型与控制器研究

考虑了两侧逆变器的脉宽和相角的控制输入,以五阶非线性微分方程组来描述UPFC的动态过 程,提出利用串联侧输出电压的横分量和纵分量以及并联侧输出电流的横分量和纵分量来分 别控制线路有功、线路无功、节点电压和直流侧电容电压,设计了UPFC的反馈控制系统。较 全面地仿真了UPFC在系统故障过程中的暂态特性以及UPFC 的功率控制和电压调节的性能, 分析了UPFC直流侧电容量、变压器电抗值以及UPFC 的控制参数对电力系统稳定性的影响。     

Experimental study on the Unified Power Flow Controller

This paper presents the results of experimental study on the performance of a Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC), one of the FACTS (Flexible AC Transmission Systems) controllers. A laboratory‐scale UPFC was manufactured and installed on a laboratory electric power system to investigate its multifunctional capabilities as a power flow controller. The UPFC consists of two 4.5‐kVA, 200‐V back‐to‐back voltage‐sourced converters, labeled “Converter 1” and “Converter 2,” operated from a common DC link provided by a DC storage capacitor of 380 V. It can provide independent control of both the real and reactive power flow in the line. Tests were performed to examine the capabilities of the UPFC, under one‐machine connected to an infinite‐bus system. Steady‐state responses under various kinds of operating conditions were measured and analyzed. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 161(2): 8– 15, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.20538     

统一潮流调节器实验装置的研究

描述了确定统一潮流装置(UPFC)参数的详细方法和步骤,按UPFC的功率模型确定了串联侧注入输电线路的电压幅值和相角、流过串联变换器的电流、并联侧变换器向系统注入的电流、串并联侧交换的有功功率、UPFC串联侧出口电压和并联侧接入母线电压的运行约束值.一套15kVA用于动模系统试验装置的基于EMTDC的仿真结果证明了在满足运行约束条件下,UPFC能快速有效的改善系统的电压和潮流.     

Modeling of the generalized unified power flow controller (GUPFC)in a nonlinear interior point OPF

With the progress of installing the latest generation of FACTS devices, namely, the convertible static compensator (CSC), several innovative operating concepts have been introduced to the historic development and application of FACTS. One of the novel concepts is the generalized unified power flow controller (GUPFC) or multi-line UPFC, which can control bus voltage and power flows of more than one line or even a sub-network. The GUPFC should have stronger control capability than the UPFC. A mathematical model for the GUPFC consisting of one shunt converter and two or more series converters is developed and implemented in a nonlinear interior point OPF algorithm. Numerical results with various GUPFC devices based on the IEEE 30 bus system and IEEE 118 bus system demonstrate the feasibility as well as the effectiveness of the GUPFC model established and the OPF method proposed     

A novel component minimized converters for unified power flow controller

In this paper a novel configuration employing multistage two-leg three phase converters for UPFC is proposed. The switching level modeling of UPFC is carried out using IGBT based shunt and series converters. The proposed converter has the capability of delivering sinusoidal input current with unity power factor and bidirectional power flow. The operating performance of UPFC is demonstrated on Single Machine Infinite Bus (SMIB) system and IEEE 14 Bus system for different load conditions. The real and reactive power tracings through the transmission lines in the system are obtained. The simulation study is carried out in a MATLAB/SIMULINK environment. The proposed topology effectively controls the real and reactive power flow in the transmission lines. This model considerably improves the system stability by damping the oscillation during the vulnerable conditions.