一种新的低压电力线通信比特和功率分配算法

为了提高低压电力线通信的传输速率和信道容量,提出了一种新的比特和功率分配算法。利用正交频分复用(OFDM)自适应比特分配方法动态调整了信号的调制方式,在此基础之上分析了电力信道传输信号的误码率。选取电力线多径传输模型作为信道模型,结合注水法和通信服务质量(QoS)提出了基于特定QoS的约束注水法,得出了最大化信道容量的闭式解,分析了影响信道容量的主要因素。仿真结果表明:4QAM调制方式对应的误码率最小。与已有注水法相比,所提功率分配算法的性能最优,当信噪比为40dB时,信道容量可达960Mbps,从而实现了电力信道传输速率的大幅升级。     

宽带电力线通信动态子载波分配算法研究

为了满足在额定功率有限的情况下,传输速率最大化。选择在低压宽带电力线信道条件下,分析2 MHz~100 MHz的宽带电力线信道特征与参数。利用已有电力线信道模型,通过迭代分块约束注水算法对电力线通信进行动态子载波分配,相比传统的注水算法,改进之后的算法能更好的根据电力线信道约束条件给子载波分配功率,得到更优的信道容量。     

基于QoS参数的电力线信道状态映射方法

提出了一种将电力线信道状态映射为服务质量(QoS)参数的方法,该方法将实际的电力线信道状态参数通过数学推导等效为相关QoS参数,包括时延、信道容量、误码率(BER)、时延抖动。由QoS参数决定电力线信道是否满足业务传输需求。依据所提方法建立了在特定条件下的P2P电力线通信仿真系统,仿真结果验证了所提方法的可行性和有效性。     

低压电力线宽带载波通信信道建模及误差补偿

低压电力线宽带载波通信信道特性研究是实现用电信息高速采集和泛在电力物联接入的首要任务。为准确反映宽带载波信号在配电网低压电力线环境中的传输特性,该文提出基于误差反馈算法的低压电力线宽带载波信道模型,采用导行波理论改进传统传输线模型,提出平均误差反馈算法来修正实测模型参数。测量和仿真结果验证修正后的信道模型能准确描述低压配电网下宽带载波信道的传输特性,具有广泛适应性。     

低压电力线通信网络特性模型与组网算法

由于低压电力线载波通信网络具有物理拓扑复杂和电力线信道时变的特征,在实际应用中存在着通信可靠性较低的问题。为了提高低压配电网电力线载波通信系统可靠性,在总结前人提高电力线通信可靠性的研究基础上,分析电力线通信网络的拓扑结构和组网模型,并提出组网的优化目标函数;进而提出一种基于信道状态和服务需求的电力线通信组网算法。分析了网络拓扑结构,信道特性和通信误码率、传输延时之间的关系,并提出估算方法。仿真试验结果表明,所提算法可根据信道和通信链路的动态变化以及不同的服务需求而动态地建立并优化电力线通信网络路由,保证通信网络的有效性,为后续的工程应用提供参考。     

基于自适应遗传算法的PLC信道动态子载波分配

为提高宽带电力线通信(PLC)的传输速率,在2～100MHz的低压宽带电力线信道条件下,提出基于速率最大化(RA)准则的动态子载波分配算法。该算法利用遗传算法比较好的全局搜索能力,将遗传算法与注水算法结合,对正交频分复用系统(OFDM)动态子载波进行自适应分配。新算法先将种群中的个体进行交叉操作,得到两个新的子代群体,对得到的子代种群进行复制和变异操作。仿真结果表明:改进之后的遗传算法与自适应遗传算法相比较,在性能上有较大改善,系统传输速率变快,信道容量变大。     

用于电力线通信系统的OFDM定时同步算法

为了提高电力线通信在恶劣的电力线信道下通信的可靠性,提出了一种新的正交频分复用(OFDM)定时同步算法。该算法在本地相关法的基础上,对Schmidl算法和Park算法的定时函数的计算过程进行改进,实现信号的定时同步。基于MATLAB软件的仿真结果表明,与Park算法相比,所提算法在低信噪比的加性高斯白噪声信道和电力线信道下,都能获得更加精确的定时同步结果,并且所提算法的计算量更小。并在实验室220 V交流电力线的环境下,验证了所提算法的可行性。     

低压电力线通信组网性能优化方法

低压电力线载波通信介质访问控制(MAC)接入协议是影响组网性能的重要因素之一。针对低压电力线通信信道非对称性导致组网性能相对较低的问题,提出面向低压电力线通信改进人工蛛网荷载受限的改进型自适应p-坚持载波侦听多路访问(CSMA)优化方法。详叙了低压配电网物理拓扑映射为改进人工蛛网逻辑拓扑的组网过程;运用所提方法对改进人工蛛网的吞吐量、分组传输时延进行优化,即根据已知参与信道竞争的活跃节点数,动态调整接入概率,控制节点发送数据分组行为,使信道处于最佳传输状态,保证了组网性能。仿真结果验证了所提方法的有效性。     

非均匀传输特性的低压电力线载波传输模型

在传统电力线均匀传输电路模型的基础上,结合电力线的非均匀传输特性,提出一种新的电力线载波通信的通信传输模型,该模型充分考虑了低压电力线阻抗特性、噪声干扰、衰减特性等因素对低压电力线载波通信的影响,从而为信号信道模型的建立提供了较好的理论依据.     

低压电力线载波通信信道衰减特性测量与分析

研究低压配电网信号传输衰减特性对提高电力线通信系统中物理层信号传输的稳定性和可靠性具有重要意义。通过实测低压电力线横截面积、长度及网络结构对信号传输衰减的影响,精确计量和分析了宽频带范围内信号的幅频衰减特性随电力线基础特性变化的趋势,提出利用近距离和常态T型网络模型研究电力线信道多径传输的频率选择性衰落。通过仿真和实测直观展示了电力线基础特性影响信号传输衰减的统计效果,对深刻理解和把握低压电力线信号传输特性形成的本质原因具有重要借鉴作用,为预测复杂配电网中信号传输特性提供了一种有效分析方式。     

基于OFDM的无人机通信链路功率分配研究

在无人机通信链路中采用OFDM技术时,由于信道的时变衰落特性,不同子信道上的衰落并不一致,其信道容量也不完全相同.为了抑制因信道衰落不一致造成的误码率增加,采用自适应方法进行功率分配.本文提出一种改进注水算法,在OFDM系统子信道上动态的分配数据,并采用不同M值的M-QAM调制,从而达到功率自适应分配的目的.最后通过仿真验证了本方法的可行性.     

一种应用于配电网电力线通信的快速比特分配算法

自适应正交频分复用是一种适用于高速电力线数据通信的技术,比特分配算法是这一技术的重要组成部分。文章针对电力线通信信道的实际条件,探讨了适用于电力线通信的优化模型,并提出了一种新的应用速率自适应准则的动态带宽优化算法,该算法通过对子信道的划分,采用贪婪法原理快速实现子信道的比特分配。理论分析和仿真结果表明该算法具有较低的复杂度,并且能得到令人满意的分配结果。     

多用户电力线通信自适应OFDM系统中的资源分配与交换优化

自适应正交频分复用(OFDM)是一种实现电力线多用户高速数据通信的技术,资源动态分配是这一技术的重要组成部分。文章针对电力线通信的限制条件,探讨了在最大总功率、各用户要求最小速率、各子载波分配最大功率和比特数的约束下,多用户在多子载波上自适应比特和功率分配的数学模型,提出一种新的速率自适应动态资源分配算法,其实现分为4个相互联系的阶段,依次是确定工作子载波、单用户资源分配、子载波和功率交换、比特交换和功率调整。在典型电力线信道环境下的仿真结果表明,该算法比已有的多用户频谱分配优化算法性能更优,能更好地满足多用户资源分配模型的目标要求。     

单相配电网多用户通信中的频谱优化

提高配电网信道利用率、改善网络服务质量是配电网多用户通信系统的重要目标。讨论了在单相电力线条件下实现下行广播信道多用户频谱优化的方案,以及电力线多用户频谱优化问题的数学模型。给出了解决信号功率谱限制条件下的多用户频谱优化快速算法。在典型电力线信道环境下,比较了单用户和多用户传输性能。仿真结果表明,利用频谱优化的多用户传输能明显提高通信传输速率,对提高配电网通信性能具有重要的实际意义。     

基于OS-ELM的宽带电力线通信解映射优化算法

针对传统信道估计技术会降低通信系统有效性的缺陷,提出了一种基于在线序贯极限学习机(OS-ELM)的宽带PLC解映射优化算法,用以提高宽带电力线通信系统的通信质量。以我国广东省某小区用户电能表的实际采集数据作为原始数据,搭建了宽带电力线通信系统仿真模型,在实测的500 m四径信道下进行仿真测试并与BP神经网络以及传统的ELM进行性能对比和比较分析。试验结果表明,在各种不同信噪比的通信环境下,引入OS-ELM均表现出更快的训练速度和更好的抗干扰特性。除去信噪比过低的极端恶劣的通信环境以外,该算法均可以有效提高通信质量,降低误码率。     

Effective Communication Strategies for Noise-Limited Power-Line Channels

Ergodic chaotic parameter modulation (ECPM) has recently been proposed as a viable modulation technique for power-line communications (PLC) due to its robustness to multipath conditions and low complexity in receiver design. While performance of ECPM has been found to be satisfactory in limited noise conditions, performance issues for other hostile challenges in the power-line environment, such as narrowband and impulsive noise, have not been extensively studied for this technique. Numerous studies have been performed on direct-sequence spread-spectrum (DSSS) modulation used in a wireless channel. The technique has been found to be well suited for a mobile environment due to its resistance to multipath fading and inherent narrowband interference suppression capability. For this study, PLC performance is investigated for both the DSSS and ECPM receiver for PLC. A signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) analysis is presented which investigates the noise-limiting properties of the power-line channel. This work provides a detailed insight to communication system performance in a power-line environment that includes the presence of significant narrowband and impulsive noise. It is concluded that while DSSS significantly outperforms ECPM in terms of bit-error rate for a Gaussian white noise-limited channel, the performance of the two techniques is similar for low SNR communication dominated by narrowband or impulsive noise. While the implementation of DSSS is more complex, ECPM is found to be less robust to low-frequency interference     

Power-Line Communication Channel Model for Interconnected Networks—Part I: Two-Conductor System

This paper presents a generalized transmission-line approach to determine the transfer function of a power-line network of a two-conductor system (two parallel conductors) with distributed branches. The channel frequency responses are derived considering different terminal loads and branches. The model's time-domain behavior is validated using commercial power system simulation software called Alternative Transients Program–Electromagnetic Transients Program (ATP–EMTP). The simulation results from the model for three different topologies considered have excellent agreement with corresponding ATP–EMTP results. Hence, the model can be considered as a tool to characterize any given power-line channel topology that involves the two-conductor system. In the companion paper (Part II), the proposed method is extended for a multiconductor power-line system.      

Channel Characterization for Indoor Power-Line Networks

Power-line networks are promising mediums by which broadband services can be offered, such as Internet services, voice over Internet protocol, digital entertainment, etc. In this paper, an analysis of delay spread, coherence bandwidth, channel capacity, and averaged delay in the frequency bands up to 100 MHz for typical indoor power-line networks are studied. Earlier studies for indoor power-line networks considered frequencies up to 30 MHz only and earlier works have shown that at these frequency bands, the data rates are generally low and are inefficient for digital entertainment in comparison with wireless local-area networks standards, such as IEEE 802.11 n. In this paper, it is shown that at 100 MHz, the average channel capacity for typical indoor power-line networks can be up to 2 Gb/s and it is found that by increasing the number of branches in the link between transmitting and receiving ends, the average channel capacity decreases from 2 Gb/s to 1 Gb/s (when the number of branches was increased by four times for a power spectral density of -60 dBm/Hz). At the same time, the coherence bandwidth decreased from 209.45 kHz to 137.41 kHz, which is much better than the coherence bandwidths corresponding to 30-MHz systems. It is therefore recommended to operate the indoor power-line networks at 100-MHz bandwidths for a wide variety of broadband services.     

Power-Line Communication Channel Model for Interconnected Networks—Part II: Multiconductor System

In this paper, we present an approach to determine the transfer function for multiconductor power-line networks with distributed branches and load terminations for broadband power-line communication (BPLC) applications. The applicability of the proposed channel model is verified numerically in time domain using the finite-difference-time domain (FDTD) method for the solution of transmission lines. The channel model simulation results are in excellent agreement with the corresponding FDTD results. The model therefore could be useful in the analysis and design of BPLC systems involving multiconductor power-line topology.