一种基于三角网格模型的阶梯剖切算法

针对三角网格模型,提出了一种基于四叉树的剖切算法。首先将三角面片投影到二维空间,并针对投影后的三角面片建立层次四叉树,然后,通过四叉树来查找第一个与切割面相交的三角形,由此三角形开始,利用三角网络的拓扑关系寻找所有被切割的三角形,最后将剖面进行三角剖分和三角网重构完成剖切。实验结果验证了该算法的可行性和有效性。     

采样点模型的布尔运算

提出了一种快速而鲁棒的点模型布尔运算算法.在进行布尔运算之前,首先将点模型中的每个点表示成具有一定半径的面元,并确定它相对于另一个模型表面的内、外及相交关系;然后对相交面元进行全局误差控制下的自适应加密重采样,以求取交线;为了加速面元的内、外及相交关系的检测,对每个模型建立层次结构k-d树.实验结果表明,该方法对于具有不同分辨率以及采样不均匀的点模型也能进行稳定可靠的布尔运算.     

基于MC思想的布尔操作研究*

为了提高布尔运算的执行效率及系统的鲁棒性,提出一种基于细胞元模型的布尔运算算法。该算法利用MC思想为每个特征实体的三角片建立cube,用最值空间和交互的充分性原理来快速检测发生相交的三角片,并根据每个cube顶点的颜色来判断三角片的内外关系、所属关系以及三角片的剖分方式,最后生成新的特征实体。该算法不仅提高了布尔运算的速度和性能,还避免了以往算法中出现孔洞的缺陷。实验表明,该算法具有更强的适应性和实用性。     

三维表面模型的快速切割算法

讨论了一个三维表面模型的快速切割算法.由改进的MC(marching cubes)方法抽取、构成了连续曲面的分组信息以及构成曲面的三角面片的层次包围盒信息，并利用记录了上述信息的B+树模型,完成了三维表面模型的快速切割算法.讨论的算法通过充分发掘和利用MC算法中所隐含的三角面片的包围盒信息和物体各部分间的三维相关信息，在对三维表面模型进行切割计算时,可以快速定位交点，并且根据交点信息，不必遍历模型的所有三角面片，而直接完成对整个被切割模型的分割.研究背景是髋关节整型手术中平面手术刀及球面手术刀对髋关节的切     

基于二次误差的三角网格自适应细分算法研究

提出一种基于二次误差的三角网格自适应细分算法,该算法采用二次误差描述三角网格的曲率变化情况,只对二次误差大于阈值的三角面片进行细分,避免了在较平坦区域再进行细分,以较少的三角面片表达了模型的特征,实现三角网格的自适应细分.与全局细分相比,自适应细分既可增加模型光顺性,又可减少模型的数据处理量,提高细分效率.     

基于倾斜摄影的三维模型单体化方法研究

利用三角面片的可分割性质,解决倾斜摄影数据的三维模型可分离单体化问题。该方法首先绘制切割多边形,确定单体化模型边界,然后使用包围盒方法进行求交检测,获得需要切割的三角面片。之后计算求交检测所得三角面片与切割多边形的交点,然后详细分析切割多边形与三角面片相交时的不同相交情形,并针对不同的相交情形采用不同的切割方法。最后,对相交区域三角面片进行裁切并重构,再纹理重构并实现多细节分层后得到分离的单体化模型。实验结果表明,该方法可有效实现倾斜摄影三维模型的分离单体化。     

一般点模型的交互式布尔运算

提出了一个适用于一般点模型的交互式布尔运算算法,此算法由4个步骤组成．首先将点模型表示为自适应的三色八叉树,然后利用自适应八叉树结构加速内外测试．对于局部采样密度不一致的相交区域或曲率太大容易导致较大求交误差的地方,实行了自适应细分加密采样;重采样相交的部分以获得更精确的求交结果．与已有的点模型布尔运算方法相比,该算法适用于一般的实测点云数据,包括少量噪声的点模型、非均匀采样以及不同分辨率点模型之间的交互式布尔运算。     

一种基于三角网格结构的医学虚拟切割算法

针对由三角面片构成的医学表面网格数据,提出了一种简单可靠的网格切割算法。在移动切割工具的过程中采用OBB包围盒树进行碰撞检测。为了简化切割过程中OBB树的更新仅在首次发生碰撞时对由OBB计算得到的碰撞面计算碰撞点,在后续过程中通过切割工具的移动方向和网格的AIF数据结构计算碰撞面和碰撞点。网格切割算法采用顶点移动的方法,该法可以避免畸形三角面片的产生。实验结果表明,提出的算法能够很好的仿真医学导航系统中的切割过程。     

一种用于光线与三角形网格求交运算的有效剔除算法

提出一种用于光线与三角形网格求交运算中的有效剔除算法.算法中,一根光线被定义为两个非平行平面的交线.针对由稠密三角形网格组成的复杂场景,算法通过三角形和测试平面的相交判断剔除与投射光线不相交的绝大多数三角面片.利用该算法,光线跟踪中主光线在图像空间的相关性可以方便、直观地被利用.为了利用物体在景物空间的相关性,算法可以结合层次包围盒、八叉树等常见的场景划分方法.而且,该算法可以方便地扩展应用于一般多边形网格.     

运用改进的八叉树算法实现精确碰撞检测

提出一种精确碰撞检测算法,通过计算空间多面体之间距离实现碰撞检测功能.在计算2个多面体之间距离时,运用空间层次划分技术高效地寻找多面体中充分接近的三角面片,然后在这些三角面片中进行距离计算,以提高算法效率;同时运用改进的八叉树层次分割算法,与基本八叉树算法相比,减少了算法的空间复杂度.文中算法已经在超导Tokamak实验装置（EAST）虚拟装配仿真系统的碰撞检测模块中得到应用,通过实验比较,证明了该算法的可行性.     

Deferred boundary evaluation of complex CSG models

In this paper we present a deferred method for evaluating a complete CSG tree based on triangulated solids. It allows the exact evaluation of the surface of the entire model in a single step, using regularized Boolean classifications. The overall performance with this approach is better than with the classical method, which incrementally evaluates a CSG tree with single Boolean operations. The deferred algorithm does not use any intermediate result for the nodes of the CSG tree. It uses a very simple data structure and an octree that speeds up spatial queries for the entire CSG tree. The algorithm intensively uses multitasking and is ready for working with very complex CSG expressions, including the application of an out-of-core based approach.     

Exact and Robust (Self‐)Intersections for Polygonal Meshes

We present a new technique to implement operators that modify the topology of polygonal meshes at intersections and self‐intersections. Depending on the modification strategy, this effectively results in operators for Boolean combinations or for the construction of outer hulls that are suited for mesh repair tasks and accurate mesh‐based front tracking of deformable materials that split and merge. By combining an adaptive octree with nested binary space partitions (BSP), we can guarantee exactness (= correctness) and robustness (= completeness) of the algorithm while still achieving higher performance and less memory consumption than previous approaches. The efficiency and scalability in terms of runtime and memory is obtained by an operation localization scheme. We restrict the essential computations to those cells in the adaptive octree where intersections actually occur. Within those critical cells, we convert the input geometry into a plane‐based BSP‐representation which allows us to perform all computations exactly even with fixed precision arithmetics. We carefully analyze the precision requirements of the involved geometric data and predicates in order to guarantee correctness and show how minimal input mesh quantization can be used to safely rely on computations with standard floating point numbers. We properly evaluate our method with respect to precision, robustness, and efficiency.     

一种基于八叉树空间剖分技术的光线跟踪算法

光线跟踪算法是生成真实感图形的主要算法之一。为了提高光线追踪速度,在研究和比较各种光线跟踪算法的基础上,提出了一种基于八叉树数据结构的光线追踪算法。并结合基于重心坐标系的快速求交算法来提高光线跟踪的求交效率,使用重心坐标来表示包含三角形面片的参数平面,不用像三角形顶点一样需要长期存储,能够快速判定光线与三角形是否相交并计算出交点。实验结果表明,该算法能够在保证图像质量的同时提高绘制速度。     

3-D object decomposition with extended octree model and its application in geometric simulation of NC machining

The paper discusses the development of a prototype solid modeling system based on the extended octree modeling approach and its applications in 3-D NC machining simulation and automatic verification. Along with a simple hierarchical data structure, the extended octree model uses the face boundary information (i) to represent complex objects, (ii) to improve object representational accuracy, and (iii) to accelerate the model updating procedures in a graphic simulation process. The improved representational accuracy makes it possible to carry out automatic NC program verification by generating the machined model of the part through the simulation and comparing it with the designed model of the part. The paper also addresses the issues of model conversions from CSG and B-Rep schemes to the corresponding extended octree models and the issues of carrying out Boolean operations on those extended octree models. A prototype system has been implemented and is integrated with AutoCAD AME solid modeler for object modeling and for NC simulation purpose.     

基于八叉树和混合搜索树的地质曲面快速求交方法

为处理地质界面之间的空间相交关系,提出一种新的针对三角地质曲面的快速求交方法。该方法融合优化八叉树法和OBB搜索树方法,可以更快速准确地剔除远离交线的其他三角形。求交剩余的三角形得到交线,应用三角网局部重构和网格优化算法修正交线附近的三角网,最终分割交线两侧的地质曲面,完成2个地质曲面的离散化求交过程。与AABB、OBB和空间分解法相比,该方法在大数据量三角曲面求交中效率优势明显,可以快速准确处理地质模型构建和分析中的曲面求交问题,为三维地质模型自动化构建的实现提供有效支撑。     

Octree creation via C.S.G. definition

The common method for generating the octrees of complex objects, is based upon generating the octrees of several pre-defined primitives and applying Boolean operations on them. Regardless how the octrees representing the primitives are generated (top-down or bottom-up) the octree of a desired object is obtained by performing Boolean operations among the primitives comprising the object according to the object's CSG (constructive solid Geometry) representation. When carrying out this procedure, most of the computing and memory resources are used for generating and storing the octants comprising the primitives. However, the majority of those octants are not required for the representation of the final object. In this paper the extention of the top-down approach to the CSG level (i.e., generating the octree of an object directly from its CSG representation) is proposed. With this method there is no need to generate the octrees of the primitives comprising the object nor to perform Boolean operations on them. Moreover, only these octants which belong to the final object are generated.     

一个雕塑实体的布尔操作算法

给出了一个雕塑实体布尔操作的现实算法,在保证效率和精确性的同时确保鲁棒性是算法的目标,实体模型通过裁剪曲面片和半边数据结构来表达几何和拓扑信息。采用了层次求交和交线跟踪的方法来保证曲面片分割和区域分类的一致性,从而克服实践中常见的退化情况。该算法也可以方便地扩展到非流形模型的布尔操作。作为一个实体造型系统的一部分,该算法已经在ＳＧＩ工作站上实现。     

Boolean operations with implicit and parametric representation of primitives using R-functions

We present a new and efficient algorithm to accurately polygonize an implicit surface generated by multiple Boolean operations with globally deformed primitives. Our algorithm is special in the sense that it can be applied to objects with both an implicit and a parametric representation, such as superquadrics, supershapes, and Dupin cyclides. The input is a constructive solid geometry tree (CSG tree) that contains the Boolean operations, the parameters of the primitives, and the global deformations. At each node of the CSG tree, the implicit formulations of the subtrees are used to quickly determine the parts to be transmitted to the parent node, while the primitives' parametric definition are used to refine an intermediary mesh around the intersection curves. The output is both an implicit equation and a mesh representing its solution. For the resulting object, an implicit equation with guaranteed differential properties is obtained by simple combinations of the primitives' implicit equations using R-functions. Depending on the chosen R-function, this equation is continuous and can be differentiable everywhere. The primitives' parametric representations are used to directly polygonize the resulting surface by generating vertices that belong exactly to the zero-set of the resulting implicit equation. The proposed approach has many potential applications, ranging from mechanical engineering to shape recognition and data compression. Examples of complex objects are presented and commented on to show the potential of our approach for shape modeling.     

多面体三向DEXEL模型与布尔运算

提出了一种多面体的DEXEL化算法及一种三向DEXEL模型。与单向DEXEL模型相比,三向DEXEL模型能更精确地表示一个型体。在同一三向DEXEL模型空间,实现并、交、差布尔运算。将三向DEXEL模型用于飞机复合材料零件设计,设计了蜂窝结构、方管、圆管结构。在Java2.0与Java 3D环境下编程,实现并验证了所有算法。