高速列车座椅间距对乘员二次碰撞伤害的影响

为研究高速列车座椅间距对乘员碰撞伤害的影响,在欧洲列车乘员伤害仿真、试验和评价标准的基础上,参考我国列车客室设施与布置,采用MADYMO Hybrid Ⅲ 50％假人,建立高速列车碰撞事故乘员二次碰撞仿真模型．通过仿真分析比较不同座椅间距对乘员伤害的影响．研究表明,合适的座椅间距能减小乘员的HIC（Head Injury Criterion）值和碰撞的相对速度,从而减小乘员伤害概率．     

基于SV2的汽车乘员约束系统仿真模型 可信度验证系统

针对汽车乘员约束系统仿真模型的可信度验证需要大量重复的数据处理和结果分析的问题,基于可信度验证系统（system of verification and validation, SV2）,将100%正碰、40%偏置碰和侧碰工况的分析流程固化,开发汽车乘员约束系统仿真模型可信度验证系统。对100%正碰工况进行试验验证,结果表明：新开发的仿真模型可信度验证系统对模型可信度验证能够提高90%的工作效率,自动生成分析报告,为仿真工程师提供模型改善建议。     

增高座椅性能参数影响及损伤仿真分析

为了降低儿童乘员在碰撞过程中胸部和头部的损伤率,对增高座椅儿童约束系统进行参数化分析。本文采用多体动力学软件MADYMO建立儿童乘员碰撞仿真模型,并按照FMVSS213法规验证模型的有效性。在此基础上,以头部质心合成加速度、头部损伤准则HIC36、胸部合成加速度为损伤指标,分析增高座椅与台车座椅之间的摩擦系数、汽车座椅安全带刚度、增高座椅在高度方向上变化对儿童损伤的影响,仿真结果表明:在增高座椅底面涂以摩擦材料以提高摩擦系数,适当提高安全带刚度及维持现有座椅高度可以显著减少儿童在碰撞过程中的头部和胸部损伤。     

正面40%偏置碰撞时后排乘员安全性的仿真分析

为了减小后排乘员在偏置碰撞中受到的伤害,运用MADYMO软件建立包括汽车车身、前后排座椅、三点式安全带、汽车地板、后排5%女性假人的某款汽车后排偏置碰撞的乘员约束系统仿真模型。通过样车试验碰撞结果和模型仿真结果进行对标,验证模型的准确性。在此模型基础上,研究分析前排座椅和安全带等参数对后排乘员安全性的影响,并提出了安全带固定点改进方案,结果表明改进后后排乘员的头部HIC15降低14.2%,颈部张力降低14.4%,有效地保护后排乘员安全。     

应变率效应对整车侧碰仿真的影响研究

为了研究应变率效应对整车侧碰仿真的影响,建立了某紧凑型轿车侧面碰撞有限元仿真模型,对侧碰分析影响较大的关键零部件进行了不考虑应变率效应和考虑应变率效应的侧碰仿真计算,在侧围变形、B柱加速度及侧碰性能指标——关键部位的侵入量与侵入速度等方面与实验结果进行了对比,表明材料的应变率效应对整车侧碰仿真有较大影响。     

前排座椅参数设计对后排乘员的安全性仿真分析

为了研究前排座椅参数对后排乘员在正面碰撞时的安全性影响,使用碰撞软件MADYMO建立包括车体、5%女性假人、安全带在内的某款轿车后排乘员正面碰撞仿真模型。通过试验样车碰撞结果与模型仿真结果的对比,验证模型有效性。在此模型基础上,分析前排座椅头枕和靠背参数对后排乘员的HIC、胸部3ms、胸部压缩量和左右大腿力的损伤值影响,得到了前排座椅参数与后排乘员伤害值的关系,提出减小后排乘员伤害的方法。     

汽车侧碰移动变形壁障仿真模型的开发研究

汽车侧面碰撞移动变形壁障是进行ECER95法规实验必需的工具,在侧碰仿真研究中必须建立准确的移动变形壁障模型.文中按照ECER95法规的要求,建立了汽车侧碰移动变形壁障的CAD模型,利用Hypermesh软件对所建立的移动变形壁障模型进行了前处理.最后利用LS-dyna软件对模型进行了求解,将仿真结果与法规要求进行了对比,并总结了调整模型材料参数的方法.分析表明模型满足了ECER95法规的要求,证明所开发的移动变形壁障模型可以用于汽车侧面碰撞的计算机仿真研究.     

侧面碰撞过程中乘用车座椅安全性仿真分析

针对在乘用车侧面碰撞过程中座椅失效是假人损伤主因之一的情况,对带有原始座椅的某乘用车进行侧面碰撞仿真分析.结合试验,找出原始座椅在侧面碰撞中在乘员保护方面所存在的问题.针对该问题,设计一套座椅挡板,通过仿真得出挡板高度对侧面碰撞中假人损伤的影响,确定合理的座椅优化改进方案.     

影响汽车纵梁前段变形模式的因素

在汽车前部40%偏置碰设计中,要求纵梁不能更改的前提下,希望纵梁前段由折弯变形改进为压溃变形.通过竞品车研究和CAE仿真,确定除纵梁本身的设计外,能较大影响纵梁前段变形模式的因素为前保横梁的强度、纵梁与吸能盒间安装板的强度,以及纵梁与安装板间的连接方式等.进一步的仿真分析发现,适当加强这些部位有利于纵梁的稳定压溃变形,并提升前端结构的能量吸收.     

不同轴截面薄壁筒在轴向冲击下吸能特性研究

针对目前飞行器坠撞安全性问题研究,要减缓碰撞时的冲击载荷和耗散能量,以薄壁筒结构为研究对象,采用非线性有限元理论建立计算模型,采用显式动力学算法进行数值仿真。利用非线性有限元软件ABAQUS仿真了不同轴截面的薄壁筒在受轴向冲击下的变形,通过比较四种薄壁筒在受轴向冲击下的压溃力峰值、平均压溃力及比吸能研究其吸能特性,并与相关的理论解进行了对比。结果表明：冲击动能相同条件下,无论从比吸能方面还是从压溃力峰值方面来考虑,轴截面为梯形的薄壁筒的吸能特性优于轴截面为矩形的薄壁筒;从乘员的安全角度考虑圆台做吸能结构吸能是方台的1.5倍,而压溃力峰值只有方台的75.3%。     

薄壁金属管吸能器的吸能特性分析

通过对薄壁金属管吸能特性的数值模拟总结出关于薄壁金属的吸能特性,利用吸能器的吸能能力、平均压溃载荷和理想吸能效率等3个吸能评价指标,对薄壁金属管的吸能特性进行综合评估;在此基础上,提出针对薄壁金属管吸能器的优化方案.通过对比分析可知,优化后的方案可以大大提高吸能器的理想吸能效率,减小缓冲力在工作过程中的波动.     

CAE技术在汽车座椅骨架开发中的应用

为提高汽车座椅骨架的开发质量,在某型汽车座椅骨架开发中应用CAE技术进行骨架静强度和疲劳等模拟.采用壳单元与梁单元相结合建立座椅骨架有限元模型;根据座椅骨架台架耐久试验要求和试验条件,对座椅安装孔进行全约束处理,并在试验加载位置施加相应的载荷;采用Abaqus/Standard分析座椅骨架强度;在静强度分析基础上应用F...     

Modeling of human model for static pressure distribution prediction

Vehicle comfort, the key factor that influences the purchase of automobile products, is becoming increasingly important. However, the processes of traditional empirical and experimental approaches to design a new, more comfortable seat is complicated, time consuming and costly. The finite element method could facilitate, accelerate and economize this process. In the present work, a complete human FE model is established based on the Hybrid III dummy, the appropriate element size of 10 mm was ascertained. The body segment mass was verified by comparing segment mass percentages obtained from this model with previous data. The further validation study of the human model was achieved via the human pressure distribution experiments over human-rigid seat interaction under three postures, the validation reveals that the simulation results agree well with the experimental data. On this basis, the human model was applied to predict the interactions between human body and an automobile seat, then the contact pressure distribution, additional information about the contact shear stresses distribution and stress distribution within the soft tissue were obtained through simulation. The human model presented in this paper can reflect the interaction between human body and automobile seat precisely.Relevance to industryThe results deduced that the model is capable of realistically predicting pressure distribution, the present model allows the evaluation of seating comforts in a virtual phase of seat development, and the study can be taken as reference for vehicle seat design and biomechanical evaluation.     

一种适用于矿山设备振动监测的WSNs改进时间同步算法

结合矿山设备振动监测的实际情况,给出了矿山设备振动监测的无线传感器网络模型;针对TPSN时间同步算法能耗大、DMTS时间同步算法精度低的问题,提出一种改进的无线传感器网络时间同步算法——TPDM算法。该算法采用动态簇首选择算法选出簇首节点,簇首节点之间的同步采用TPSN算法以保证同步精度,簇内节点之间的同步采用DMTS算法以降低能耗,并采用基于最小平方线性回归方法的时钟漂移补偿技术对同步时钟进行时间补偿。仿真结果表明,与TPSN算法和DMTS算法相比,TPDM算法在能耗和精度方面得到了折中,能更好地满足矿山设备振动监测的要求。     

基于耐撞性的前纵梁截面优化设计

前纵梁是偏置碰撞测试中重要的吸能部件之一。本文对前纵梁截面形状进行了优化设计,以提高前纵梁的耐撞性。根据前纵梁截面尺寸参数得到设计变量,构建响应面模型,利用遗传算法计算得到优化结果。将优化所得的截面尺寸应用于某三厢轿车40%偏置碰撞分析中,结果表明,前纵梁耐撞性显著提高,碰撞侧B柱加速度峰值有效降低,整车被动安全性能得到提升。     

Effects of heated seat and foot heater on thermal comfort and heater energy consumption in vehicle

Subjective experiments involving 12 different conditions were conducted to investigate the effects of heated seats and foot heaters in vehicles on thermal sensation and thermal comfort. The experimental conditions involved various combinations of the operative temperature in the test room (10 or 20°C), a heated seat (on/off) and a foot heater (room operative temperature?+10 or?+20°C). The heated seat and foot heater improved the occupant's thermal sensation and comfort in cool environments. The room operative temperature at which the occupants felt a 'neutral' overall thermal sensation was decreased by about 3°C by using the heated seat or foot heater and by about 6°C when both devices were used. Moreover, the effects of these devices on vehicle heater energy consumption were investigated using simulations. As a result, it was revealed that heated seats and foot heaters can reduce the total heater energy consumption of vehicles. Statement of Relevance: Subjective experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of heated seats and foot heaters in vehicles on thermal comfort. The heated seat and foot heater improved the occupant's thermal sensation and comfort in cool environments. These devices can reduce the total heater energy consumption in vehicles.     

Simulated effect of driver and vehicle interaction on vehicle interior layout

Digital human modeling is an essential tool to reduce cost and to save time in a design process where humans take the part of users of the design. Considering this phenomenon for a vehicle interior, the importance of the seat track location and adjustment ranges become important. This paper presents the effect of driver and vehicle interaction on vehicle interior layout based on simulation approach. This simulation method includes two optimizations. The first optimization problem is the physics-based seated posture prediction. In order to represent physical drivers, 4,500 virtual drivers are generated based on an anthropometric database-ANSUR. Interaction forces between the digital human and pedal, seat, ground, and steering wheel are incorporated in the physics-based posture prediction. Three different pedal reaction moments (0, 20, and 40 N m) are implemented into the formulation to examine the effect of pedal reaction moment on driver seat location and adjustment ranges. To study the effect of shear forces, the physics-based posture prediction is compared to kinematics-based posture prediction. After posture predictions are completed, individuals' preferred seat locations are used in a second optimization problem to predict the seat track location and adjustment ranges. For a specific vehicle with 20 N m pedal reaction moment, adjustment ranges are predicted as 223 mm and 82 mm in horizontal and vertical directions, respectively. Also, it was shown that shear force due to the interaction between the driver and the seat pan and the pedal reaction moment are both influential to the seat track location and adjustment ranges.Relevance to industryThe simulation model presented in this paper is useful in vehicle and seat design and can be easily used for virtual design assessment in vehicle design.     

基于加权因子非线性变化的改进加权多模盲均衡算法

为了提高加权多模算法的盲均衡性能,提出基于加权因子非线性变化的改进加权多模盲均衡算法。新算法构造了均方误差和加权因子的非线性函数关系,提高了收敛速度,增强了算法对不同信噪比的适应能力。在算法收敛过程中,加权因子的值随着均方误差的减小逐渐增大,从而动态地调整算法的模值,使得误差模型越来越精确地匹配信号星座图,达到降低稳态均方误差的目的。理论分析和仿真结果表明,提出的算法降低了稳态均方误差,提高了收敛速度。     

高速轨道列车防撞箱耐撞击特性仿真与优化

为了提高高速轨道列车的安全性,为其头车的主要吸能装置——防撞箱设计较为理想的结构,采用MSC Patran建立防撞箱的有限元分析模型,运用MSC Dytran仿真其耐撞击特性.通过比较分析仿真结果,对防撞箱设计方案予以多次改进,得到综合性能较为理想的方案.     

Effects of heated seat and foot heater on thermal comfort and heater energy consumption in vehicle

Subjective experiments involving 12 different conditions were conducted to investigate the effects of heated seats and foot heaters in vehicles on thermal sensation and thermal comfort. The experimental conditions involved various combinations of the operative temperature in the test room (10 or 20°C), a heated seat (on/off) and a foot heater (room operative temperature +10 or +20°C). The heated seat and foot heater improved the occupant's thermal sensation and comfort in cool environments. The room operative temperature at which the occupants felt a ‘neutral’ overall thermal sensation was decreased by about 3°C by using the heated seat or foot heater and by about 6°C when both devices were used. Moreover, the effects of these devices on vehicle heater energy consumption were investigated using simulations. As a result, it was revealed that heated seats and foot heaters can reduce the total heater energy consumption of vehicles.

Statement of Relevance: Subjective experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of heated seats and foot heaters in vehicles on thermal comfort. The heated seat and foot heater improved the occupant's thermal sensation and comfort in cool environments. These devices can reduce the total heater energy consumption in vehicles.