Intelligent “control” applications in the process industries

In this paper the author's experience in applying intelligent control in the process industries is discussed. A framework for intelligent control is presented in which intelligent control is defined in a broad sense to include items such as fault detection/isolation, modeling, and optimization. The focus of the paper is on techniques that have proven beneficial in the process industries. Methods utilizing multivariate statistical techniques are presented, with applications to soft sensing, batch process optimization, and fault detection/isolation. Potential problems with closing control loops around soft sensors are also discussed. The second broad technique considered involves model predictive control, and a wastewater application is discussed. Lastly, a brief discussion on expert systems and fuzzy control is presented, and finally a summary is given.     

人机智能技术及系统研究进展综述

人机智能系统是能够实现人机智能协作的机器人系统,近年来成为了机器人领域的研究热点,具有广泛的应用前景。针对人机智能系统技术和应用的国内外研究现状,从人机智能系统的关键技术和典型应用领域两方面进行了进展综述。重点综述了与传统机器人系统存在差异性的人机智能系统关键技术,从建模、交互、协同和优化4个方面的研究进展分别展开论述,对涉及的典型应用领域及典型人机智能系统进行总结,并对人机智能系统发展的挑战和未来研究方向进行了展望。     

A quality guaranteed robust image watermarking optimization with Artificial Bee Colony

Achieving robustness with a limited distortion level is a challenging design problem for watermarking systems in multimedia applications with a guaranteed quality requirement. In this paper, we provide an intelligent system for watermarking through incorporating a meta-heuristic technique along with an embedding method to achieve an optimized performance. The optimization objective is to provide the maximum possible robustness without exceeding a predetermined distortion limit. Hence, the quality level of the watermarking method could be guaranteed through that constraint optimization. A new fitness function is defined to provide the required convergence toward the optimum solution for the defined optimization problem. The fitness function is based on dividing its applied solution population into two groups, where each group is ranked according to a different objective. Thus, the multi-objectives in the problem are decoupled and solved through two single-objective sub-problems. Unlike existing watermarking optimization techniques, the proposed work does not require weighting factors. To illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach, we employ a recent watermarking technique, and then use it as the embedding method to be optimized. The Artificial Bee Colony is selected as the meta-heuristic optimization method in which the proposed fitness function is used. Experimental results show that the imposed quality constraint is satisfied, and that the proposed method provides enhanced robustness under different attacks for various quality thresholds. The presented approach offers a robust solution that can be applied to numerous multimedia applications such as film industry, intelligent surveillance and security systems.     

有色冶金过程建模与优化的若干问题及挑战

有色金属工业发展正面临资源、能源与环境的严重制约, 而有色冶金过程建模与优化是实现有色冶金生产节能降耗减排的关键技术之一. 论文从有色冶金过程的特点出发,首先探讨了有色冶金过程的机理建模、 连续搅拌釜式反应器(Continuous stirred tank reactor, CSTR)模型和智能集成建模的理论与方法,提出了智能集成建模的描述方法, 归纳了模型的集成形式,给出了工业应用上的几类智能集成模型; 然后围绕有色冶金过程工程优化,讨论了操作模式优化、软约束调整满意优化、 多目标智能优化等方法,并阐述了大型湿法炼锌电解过程的综合优化控制技术; 最后探讨了有色冶金过程建模与优化所面临的新挑战.     

Intelligent service processing in common USN middleware

The Ubiquitous sensor network (USN) is composed of several heterogeneous sensors with a variety of characteristics. An application based on the sensor network also has various requirements to provide services to users. Therefore it is important to develop the common USN middleware for flexible integration between the sensor networks and applications. Especially, this paper focuses on intelligent service management which is one of the main functions of USN middleware. Several applications in the sensor network environment support not only monitoring services, but also sensor-based context-awareness and intelligent services. In many applications, however, approaches to support intelligent services depend on the application because the standard method has been undefined yet. Therefore this paper proposes a common method for processing intelligent services in USN middleware independent of an application. The proposed method is implemented and evaluated as a component of USN middleware.     

基于粗糙集神经网络和信息融合的故障诊断

神经网络是智能故障诊断系统的一种重要的方法。粗糙集理论则是处理不完备信息的一种技术。文中以复杂的人工智能诊断问题为研究对象,系统地论述了基于神经网络、粗糙集、信息融合的智能诊断的理论、方法与实践。其主要方法如下:在故障诊断的神经网络模型的基础上,以粗糙集理论中的信息系统属性值表为主要工具,将复杂的组合神经网络约简并删除其中不必要的属性,克服了网络规模过于庞大和分类速度慢的缺点,并给出了基于粗糙集理论的组合神经网络的模型结构,最后再利用数据融合技术,得出更加精确的结果。一个故障诊断实例证明了该方法的有效性。     

列车运行过程的多Agent 集成探讨

分析了铁路列车运动过程的特点，讨论了其运行过程中智能控制的现状及存在的问题，针对采用单一智能模式控制的缺点及多目标运营要求，提出采用多Agent集成技术，建立铁路列车运行过程自动化的综合智能控制。讨论了建立列车运行过程控制的多Agent集成系统的必要性和可行性，并给出该系统的结构和实现方法。     

基于智能体的化工企业多层优化框架

在多层次优化的基础上，引入智能体技术，通过智能体之间的协作来求解全局最优解，提出了基于智能体的化工企业多层次优化的框架，以及各个智能体的设计和具体实现，并对某化工企业进行优化，验证了所提出的方法。     

Research and application of artificial intelligence techniques for wire arc additive manufacturing: a state-of-the-art review

Recent development in the Wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) provides a promising alternative for fabricating high value-added medium to large metal components for many industries such as aerospace and maritime industry. However, challenges stemming from the demand for increasingly complex and high-quality products, hinder the widespread adoption of the conventional WAAM method for manufacturing industries. The development of artificial intelligence (AI) techniques may provide new opportunities to upgrade WAAM to the next generation. Hence, this paper provides a comprehensive review of the state-of-the-art research on AI techniques in WAAM. Firstly, we proposed a novel concept of intelligent wire arc additive manufacturing (IWAAM) and revealed the challenges of developing IWAAM. Secondly, an overview of the research progress of applying AI techniques to several aspects of the WAAM process chain, including fabrication process pre-design, online deposition control and offline parameter optimization is provided. Thirdly, the relevant machine learning algorithms, and the knowledge of corresponding AI techniques, are also reviewed in detail. Through reviewing the current research articles, issues of applying AI techniques to the WAAM process are presented and analysed. Finally, future research perspectives in terms of novel AI technique applications and AI technique enhancement are discussed. Through this systematic review, it is expected that WAAM may gradually develop into a smart/intelligent manufacturing technology in the context of Industry 4.0 through the adoption of AI techniques.     

Human-following robot using the particle filter in ISpace with distributed vision sensors

We present a method for representing tracking and human-following by fusing distributed multiple vision systems in intelligent space, with applications to pedestrian tracking in a crowd. In this context, particle filters provide a robust tracking framework under ambiguous conditions. The particle filter technique is used in this work, but in order to reduce its computational complexity and increase its robustness, we propose to track the moving objects by generating hypotheses not in the image plan but on a top-view reconstruction of the scene. Comparative results on real video sequences show the advantage of our method for multiobject tracking. Simulations are carried out to evaluate the proposed performance. Also, the method is applied to the intelligent environment, and its performance is verified by experiments. This work was presented in part at the 10th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, February 4–6, 2005     

植物生长建模与可视化——回顾与展望

回顾了植物生长的建模与可视化研究.为了加深对不同模型的目的、内涵与局限性的 理解,该文对植物生长模型进行了分类.在植物生长机研究中,对目前常见的分形方法、随机过 程、人工智能等建模方法的特点进行了比较分析.分别介绍了植物仿真与可视化方面的研究进 展及其相关技术,以及植物生长软件的发展状况.最后,总结了该领域研究中存在的主要问题, 并讨论了未来研究与应用方面的发展趋向及其前景.     

基于CAN网络化智能传感器的设计与实现

提出并分析了智能传感器的功能特点,给出了智能传感器的硬件组成结构,说明了智能传感器设计中信号检测技术、信号处理技术的实现,详细讨论了智能传感器网络接口.     

舰艇EMC的智能分析和设计

由于舰艇电磁环境极其复杂,合理分配、布局舰艇通信系统资源,使舰艇通信系统各设备协调工作,满足电磁兼容(EMC)要求是保障通信畅通的必要条件。恰当选择专家系统(ES)开发工具,结合人工智能(AI)技术对舰艇通信系统设备电磁干扰(EMI)进行智能分析和设计是一种行之有效的方法。本文讨论了EMC应用的专家系统开发工具,详细论述了Gensym公司的G2专家系统开发工具与舰艇EMC模型的接口方法和知识表示、设备的组织与管理方法。     

智能代理及其在通信领域中的应用

智能代理方法作为分布式人工智能的重要组成部分,被认为有可能为一类具有时间、空间或功能分布性的系统提供建模、分析和控制的方法。智能代理方法具有广阔的应用前景,尤其在具有侵分布性的和要求协作的环境中。本文回顾了智能代理方法及其研究的主要问题,并讨论该方法在通信领域中的应用。     

Meta knowledge of intelligent manufacturing: An overview of state-of-the-art

This paper tries to stimulate empirical research into the overall impacts of intelligent systems in manufacturing aspects. To reach this goal, a schema of intelligent applications is provided for each aspect as frame base structure, meaning the knowledge of intelligent applications in that specific aspect. Then, a semantic network is developed for intelligent manufacturing based on hierarchical structure of manufacturing systems to provide Meta knowledge of intelligent manufacturing applications. The analysis of semantic network indicates an increasing growth in application of soft computing in manufacturing aspects. Specially, fuzzy logic and its derivates have found more applications in recent years.     

Obstacle-Free Pathway Detection by Means of Depth Maps

The detection of surrounding obstacle-free space is an essential task for many intelligent automotive and robotic applications. In this paper we present a method to detect obstacle-free pathways in real-time using depth maps from a pair of stereo images. Depth maps are obtained by processing the disparity between left and right images from a stereo-vision system. The proposed technique assumes that depth of pixels in obstacle-free pathways should increase slightly and linearly from the bottom of the image to the top. The proposed real-time detection checks whether the depth of groups of image columns matches a linear model. Only pixels fulfilling the matching requirements are identified as obstacle-free pathways. Experimental results with real outdoor stereo images show that the method performance is promising.     

On-line recognition (OLREC): A novel approach to visual pattern recognition

A pattern recognition system has been developed which is capable of recognizing high contrast two-dimensional visual patterns and which is insensitive to the translation, rotation and size of a pattern. The unique characteristics of the system are its speed, its low cost and the fact that it is completely self-contained.

A new technique for image recognition, suitable for applications such as industrial robotics, is presented. The technique provides invariance to rotation, translation and magnification of the image. An intelligent camera system is used to input an image, to center it, to normalize it with respect to size and to convert it into polar coordinate form. The image is then integrated over r and θ to provide two orthogonal profiles. The input profiles are compared to the reference images using a threshold comparison technique designed to provide a simple hardware implementation. Rotation of the image is handled by a one-dimensional shifting of the radial profile.

Seven experiments were performed to test the system. The results of these experiments are discussed and possible improvements to the system are suggested.     

Applications of artificial intelligence in intelligent manufacturing: a review

Based on research into the applications of artificial intelligence (AI) technology in the manufacturing industry in recent years, we analyze the rapid development of core technologies in the new era of ‘Internet plus AI’, which is triggering a great change in the models, means, and ecosystems of the manufacturing industry, as well as in the development of AI. We then propose new models, means, and forms of intelligent manufacturing, intelligent manufacturing system architecture, and intelligent manufacturing technology system, based on the integration of AI technology with information communications, manufacturing, and related product technology. Moreover, from the perspectives of intelligent manufacturing application technology, industry, and application demonstration, the current development in intelligent manufacturing is discussed. Finally, suggestions for the application of AI in intelligent manufacturing in China are presented.     

基于SPCE061的智能盲人导航系统

随着单片机技术和无线通信技术的进一步发展,以及以单片机为核心的微型控制装置的兴起,为盲人导航系统的数据传输和控制拓展了应用领域,提出的智能盲人导航系统,通过运用超声波测距,红外线测温以及GPS定位等现代化的技术。设计出了更加完善、智能的导盲系统,在实验室进行模拟调试后,得到了预期的实验结果。     

利用VB开发与智能模块通信的ActiveX控件

介绍了利用VB开发具有与数据采集智能模块通信功能的ActiveX控件;阐述了VB中ActiveX控件的功能和使用方法;讨论了智能模块与上位机通过RS232/484实现串行通信的通讯协议和帧格式,以及用VB语言编程的实现方法。在某化工生产过程数据和能源数据采集系统的设计和实现中,利用VB开发ActiveX控件并在内实现与ADAM系列数据采集智能模块通信的ActiveX控件,可供灵活调用,完成模块工作参数设置、读写命令控制和在485总线上通信等任务,并给出了相应部分设计的程序实例。