PID参数整定法的仿真

PID调节器的控制品质,主要取决于调节器的参数整定.计算量大是用理论计算方法整定PID调节器参数要解决的难题之一.针对PID调节器参数整定过程中计算复杂、计算量大的问题,提出了一种基于Matlab的调节器参数衰减频率特性整定法.该方法以Matlab为工具,将理论计算与仿真分析结合起来,根据控制要求计算并绘制出控制器整定参数关系曲线,对计算结果进行仿真,分析整定参数在解平面上变化时闭环系统的响应,从而确定出最佳的调节器整定参数.结果表明,对于不同的被控对象参数或不同的整定要求,该方法都能方便地求得最佳的调节器整定参数,使得采用理论计算法整定调节器参数具有了工程实用价值.     

基于改进的萤火虫算法的PID控制器参数寻优

PID控制器的参数寻优是当代反馈控制系统设计的核心内容。PID控制器参数寻优意味着在三个参数空间域中寻找最优解,使得控制系统的性能达到最佳。为更好地对PID控制器的参数整定,引入自适应变步长策略的群智能萤火虫算法。利用MATLAB进行仿真实验,与粒子群(PSO)算法和经典的Z-N参数整定方法进行比较。实验表明,所提算法精度高、原理简单,可高效整定PID控制器参数。     

基于多点频率特性辨识的自整定 PID控制器的研究

利用改进的双通道继电反馈测试,获取0～π范围的任意点频率特性,基于多点频率特性设计满足期望的系统闭环频率特性的方法整定PID控制器的参数。仿真表明系统获得了满意的控制性能,是实现自动型工业控制器简单、有效的方法。     

基于最大灵敏度指标的分数阶PID参数最优整定方法

主要研究分数阶PID控制器参数整定问题,给出了一种基于最大灵敏度指标的分数阶PID参数最优整定方法。首先用D分割原理求得系统的参数稳定域,然后由灵敏度约束指标在参数稳定域内得到满足指标要求的参数解集。进而对参数进行优化,根据超调和调节时间定义分数阶PID控制器的优化函数,在所得的满足灵敏度约束指标的参数解集中求得一组最优的参数解。最后通过进行数值仿真,验证算法效果。     

PID控制器中随机干扰控制方法的设计与实现

对于大多数工业过程的控制系统,由于PID控制器结构简单易于实现的优点,目前大部分控制系统仍然使用该控制器.随机干扰是工业过程中无法规避的一种影响系统控制精度的因素,且在随机干扰条件下的PID控制器参数整定问题尚未得到足够的重视.因此,针对上述问题,提出了一种输出方差最优的PID参数整定方法,将参数整定问题转化为一个非凸优化问题,采用粒子群算法(Particle Swarm Optimization,PSO)求得全局最优解,实现了最小方差PID参数整定.仿真算例验证了上述方法及算法的有效性.     

遗传算法的自适应PID控制器的应用

针对工业过程中常见的二阶延迟系统的PID参数整定问题,提出了基于实数编码遗传算法的自适应参数整定方法.该方法利用遗传算法可快速全局寻优的特点,通过对控制器参数进行实数编码,将性能指标构成相应的适应度函数,采用自适应变异概率,反复进行遗传操作获得整定控制器的最佳参数.仿真结果表明所提出的整定方法效果显著,且控制器具有良好的抗干扰能力.     

用改进的人工蜂群算法设计AVR系统最优分数阶PID控制器

分数阶PID控制器（FOPID）是标准PID控制器的一般形式.与PID控制器相比,FOPID有更多的参数,其参数整定也更复杂.本文提出一种基于环交换邻域和混沌的人工蜂群算法（CNC-ABC）,用于FOPID控制器的参数整定.CNC-ABC算法由于应用了环交换邻域,增加了解的搜索范围,从而能加快人工蜂群算法的收敛速度;同时利用混沌的遍历性使算法跳出局部最优解.用CNC-ABC算法优化AVR系统的FOPID控制器的参数.仿真结果表明,CNC-ABC算法整定的FOPID控制器比其它FOPID及PID控制器有较好的性能.     

ZigBee技术在PID控制器参数整定中的应用研究

针对传统PID参数整定方式存在的电缆安装和布线繁琐、操作缺乏灵活性等问题,提出将ZigBee技术应用于PID控制器参数整定中,通过ZigBee无线组网方式实现PID参数整定控制器主机与现场测试设备之间的通信,从而达到使PID参数整定设备微型化、网络化、智能化的目的。仿真结果表明,运用ZigBee技术进行PID控制器参数整定可有效减少参数整定试验工作量,并提高控制器的灵活性和控制质量,扩展其适用范围。     

基于二次型优化空调PID-DDC系统控制器参数

讨论了整定PID控制系统控制器的优化参数问题。用泰勒级数展开特征方程,按线性系统从分析空调控制系统的稳定性入手,应用二次型性能指标解控制器参数最佳问题,并通过加权优化方法,导出整定计算公式。根据空调控制系统的实测数椐,计算出保证系统稳定性的参数范围并整定优化PID参数。用单位阶跃响应曲线法求出控制系统的控制品质指标、最大百分超调量和调整时间。比较在相同优化PD参数和按不同加权因子整定优化积分时间的控制品质指标并进行脉冲扰动分析。     

模糊自整定PID在电机调速系统中仿真研究

针对传统直流双闭环调速,不能有效克服非线性因素,不能满足对高精度、高性能等场合的要求。本文提出直流电机调速控制系统采用模糊自整定PID控制策略,从而实现PID参数实时整定,并介绍了控制器的整个设计过程。根据一个实际电机参数模型在Matlab/Simulink中搭建仿真模型,仿真结果表明模糊自整定PID的控制器比传统PID更具有好的控制精度和鲁棒性,并提高了电机动、静态性能。仿真结果与理论研究相符,验证了方案设计的合理性,实现了被控对象的最佳控制。     

用直接综合法设计的微分先行鲁棒PID控制器

针对积分时滞系统应用直接综合方法设计了一种微分先行鲁棒PID控制器。这种方法基于比较积分时滞系统与后置超前滞后滤波器的微分先行PID控制器组成的闭环系统的特征方程和期望特征方程。期望特征方程由多个位于同一期望位置的极点组成。所设计的控制器的参数以实现期望鲁棒性的方式获得。通过选择不同的调优参数获取相应的Ms值,进而在参数具有标称性的限定条件下拟合出关于Ms和调优参数的关系曲线。整定规则以解析表达式的形式给出。仿真结果表明该方法在阶跃响应中具有较好的追踪性能和扰动抑制性能以及鲁棒性能,在方波响应中具有很好的跟随性能以及较小的TV值,在给定值频繁变化的系统中响应效果最佳。     

Tuning PI/PID controllers for integrating processes with deadtime and inverse response by simple calculations

A simple calculation method of a practical PI/PID controller tuning for integrating processes with deadtime and inverse response based on a model is presented in this study. First, analytical expressions for PI/PID controller settings based on the model using a direct synthesis method for disturbance rejection (DS-d) are employed. Next, optimum tuning parameter (λ) for DS-d based on the model and minimum IAE criterion are obtained via the golden-section searching technique. These optimum λ data are then empirically correlated into two equations. Thus, PI/PID controller settings for the model can easily be obtained from the parameter λ using DS-d formulas. The advantage of the proposed method is that DS-d PI/PID settings could be expediently sought by simple calculations using these equations without any tedious design. Simulation results have demonstrated that the proposed tuning technique can perform better for load/disturbance changes than other available methods in the literature.     

PID控制器参数快速整定的新方法

为了克服现有ＰＩＤ控制器参数整定方法的不足，本文分析了影响控制器参数整定的几个基本问题。在此基础上，提出了精确地确定被控过程模型参数的方法。通过计算机仿真，系统地提出了可适用于多容过程的ＰＩＤ控制器参数快速整定的新方法。该方法简单易行、实用性强。仿真实例表明，该整定方法是可靠的、有效的。     

New optimal controller tuning method for an AVR system using a simplified Ant Colony Optimization with a new constrained Nelder–Mead algorithm

In this paper, an optimal gain tuning method for PID controllers is proposed using a novel combination of a simplified Ant Colony Optimization algorithm and Nelder–Mead method (ACO-NM) including a new procedure to constrain NM. To address Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller tuning for the Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR) system, this paper presents a meta-analysis of the literature on PID parameter sets solving the AVR problem. The investigation confirms that the proposed ACO-NM obtains better or equivalent PID solutions and exhibits higher computational efficiency than previously published methods. The proposed ACO-NM application is extended to realistic conditions by considering robustness to AVR process parameters, control signal saturation and noisy measurements as well as tuning a two-degree-of-freedom PID controller (2DOF-PID). For this type of PID, a new objective function is also proposed to manage control signal constraints. Finally, real time control experiments confirm the performance of the proposed 2DOF-PIDs in quasi-real conditions. Furthermore, the efficiency of the algorithm is confirmed by comparing its results to other optimization algorithms and NM combinations using benchmark functions.     

改进PSO电液伺服系统的在线PID参数整定

针对传统的电液伺服系统PID控制器参数在线整定难以达到最优的问题,提出了一种解决方法。根据系统的动态模型,在系统时变参数的变化范围内取若干值,得到一组相应数目的定参数系统模型。针对这组模型,采用改进PSO整定PID参数,获得一组近似最优化的PID参数,拟合数据得到PID参数曲线,利用该曲线进行电液伺服系统的在线整定。该方法可实现近似最优的PID参数在线整定,控制系统的性能得到了明显的提高。仿真结果证明了该方法的有效性。     

PID auto-tuning using new model reduction method and explicit PID tuning rule for a fractional order plus time delay model

In this paper, a new model reduction method and an explicit PID tuning rule for the purpose of PID auto-tuning on the basis of a fractional order plus time delay model are proposed. The model reduction method directly fits the fractional order plus time delay model to frequency response data by solving a simple single-variable optimization problem. In addition, the optimal tuning parameters of the PID controller are obtained by solving the Integral of the Time weighted Absolute Error (ITAE) minimization problem and then, the proposed PID tuning rule in the form of an explicit formula is developed by fitting the parameters of the formula to the obtained optimal tuning parameters. The proposed tuning method provides almost the same performance as the optimal tuning parameters. Simulation study confirms that the auto-tuning strategy based on the proposed model reduction method and the PID tuning rule can successfully incorporate various types of process dynamics.     

Simultaneous automatic tuning of cascade control systems from closed-loop step response data

This study presents a novel automatic tuning method for cascade control systems in which both primary and secondary controllers are tuned simultaneously using a single closed-loop step test. The proposed technique identifies the required process information with the help of B-spline series representation for the step responses. The two proportional–integral–derivative (PID) controllers are then tuned using an internal model control (IMC) approach. Considering the rationale of cascade control, the secondary controller is designed for faster disturbance attenuation. Without requiring an additional experiment, the primary controller is designed based on an identified process model that accurately accounts for inner loop dynamics. Finally, this study includes robustness considerations in the controller tuning process, and develops explicit guidelines for the selection of the IMC tuning parameters, completing the automatic tuning procedure for cascade control systems. The proposed method is robust to measurement noise because of the filtering property of the B-splines, and can provide superior control performance for both set-point tracking and disturbance rejection. Simulation examples demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed automatic tuning method.     

Robust Controller Design And Pid Tuning For Multivariable Processes

In this paper, a robust controller design method is first formulated to deal with both performance and robust stability specifications for multivariable processes. The optimum problem is then dealt with using a loop‐shaping H_∞ approach, which gives a sub‐optimal solution. Then a PID approximation method is proposed to reduce a high‐order controller. The whole procedure involves selecting several parameters and the computation is simple, so it serves as a PID tuning method for multivariable processes. Examples show that the method is easy to use and the resulting PID settings have good time‐domain performance and robustness.