电容层析成像算法研究

电容层析成像技术具有非侵入、响应快及易于安装等特点。图像的重建算法与技术是电容成像在工业实际中得以应用的关键。近年来在图像重建方面的研究取得了较大的进展,Tikhonov正则法、Landweber迭代法、同步跌代法、神经网络法、共轭梯度法及通用迭代法的图像重建质量较LBP法有了明显提高。     

一种改进的Landweber迭代图像复原算法

为解决传统的Landweber迭代法收敛速度慢,且对噪声敏感的问题,本文针对几种常见的模糊,即大气湍流模糊以及运动模糊,分别研究讨论了图像模糊的产生机理,并提出了一种改进的Landweber迭代图像复原方法.通过将图像的信号域与噪声域分离,改进的方法只在信号域上进行迭代加速,抑制了噪声的扩大.实验对比结果表明本文提出的方法在加速收敛的同时仍可以提高图像复原的精度,并以遥感图像和高速铁路图像为例,进一步验证了该方法的实际应用效果.     

广义修正HSS迭代法的超松弛加逮

通过推广修正埃尔米特和反埃尔米特（MHSS）迭代法,我们进一步得到了求解大型稀疏非埃尔米特正定线性方程组的广义MHSS（GMHSS）迭代法．基于不动点方程,我们还将超松弛（SOR）技术运用到了GMHSS迭代法,得到了关于GMHSS迭代法的SOR加速,并分析了它的收敛性．数值算例表明,SOR技术能够大大提高加速GMHSS迭代法的收敛效率．     

基于双循环改进landweber电容层析成像图像重建

针对电容层析成像(ECT)技术中反问题(即图像重建)的不适定性,以8电极电容层析成像系统为对象,在分析Landweber算法原理的基础上,根据Frozen Landweber 迭代法,将基于权重因子的landweber算法进行内外双循环,获得一种迭代次数较少、收敛速度较快、重建图像质量较佳的改进算法,并将改进算法应用于ECT图像重建。数值仿真结果表明,对各种流型,改进算法在重建图像的客观评价指标及主观效果上均有明显改善,且对初值具有不敏感性,体现其实际应用价值。     

基于修正隐式Landweber方法的ECT图像重建算法

针对电容层析成像(ECT)技术中存在的软场效应及病态问题,提出一种基于修正隐式Landweber的电容层析成像算法。在分析电容层析成像系统基本原理的基础上,给出隐式Landweber方法解决ECT图像重建问题的求解公式,并对该公式进行迭代修正。同时对修正后的隐式Landweber电容层析成像算法的收敛性进行分析。仿真实验结果表明,修正隐式Landweber方法在解决ECT图像重建问题上,其精度与速度均优于经典Landerber、LBP等方法,且实现简单、稳定性好。     

连铸二冷导热反问题数学模型建立及验证

针对连铸二冷导热反问题,建立了由布置在试样内部的热电偶测得的温度值反算表面温度、表面换热系数和表面热流密度的一维非稳态导热反问题计算方法,利用热平衡法建立各节点差分方程,引入泛函和灵敏度系数,通过牛顿迭代法优化假设初始值得到边界条件,利用Matlab编程实现了反算过程,并验证了导热反问题算法的准确性,反算相对误差为9.03×10-12.     

基于改进Landweber算法的ECT图像重建

电容层析成像(Electrical Capacitance Tomography,ECT)系统图像重建算法中,Landweber算法在重建图像质量及实时性方面取得较好的折衷,然而该算法针对不同的流型存在迭代步数差别较大及半收敛等问题。针对上述问题,通过同伦摄动方法推导出二阶迭代公式;并针对二阶迭代公式谱半径可能影响算法收敛的问题,通过添加约束因子以获得一种全收敛的改进Landweber算法。实验结果表明,改进算法在相对误差及相关系数上均优于原Landweber算法及其他对比算法,从而验证了改进算法的收敛性及有效性。     

基于改进Landweber算法的静电传感器研究

由于静电层析成像信息量少且本身为严重病态导致图像重建分辨率很低,为了提高图像重建质量,提出了一种改进的Landweber图像重建算法.采用线性反投影(LBP)算法重构的图像作为Landweber 迭代算法的初始值,再以Landweber算法重构最终图像.仿真实验表明:采用改进的Landweber迭代算法较之单独使用LBP算法和Landweber算法有较好的成像效果,可提高成像精度,较准确地判断管道内电荷的分布情况.     

电容层析成像系统图像重建算法的研究

本文利用Tikhonov正则化和奇异系统理论,分析了引起电容层析成像系统逆问题不适定性的根本原因是由于敏感场矩阵小奇异值的存在。针对一般Tikhonov正则化方法将所有的奇异值都采取同一正则化参数修正带来的误差,本文将小奇异值对应的项设定正则化参数,而舍去零奇异值对应向量,既减少了误差又加快了速度。例算结果表明,用本文方法重建图像,比其它如线性反投影算法(LBP)、Landweber迭代法及一般Tikhonov正则化算法,都有一定程度的改善。     

基于改进粒子群优化的电容层析成像图像重建算法

Landweber电容层析成像ECT图像重建算法与粒子群优化算法PSO结合后能够进一步提高成像质量,但标准粒子群优化算法用于图像重建优化时存在陷入局部最优的现象。针对该问题,提出一种基于改进粒子群优化结合Landweber算法的电容层析成像图像重建算法。新算法在Landweber算法的基础上加入改进的惯性权值指数衰减粒子群优化策略,通过增加以指数规律衰减的粒子速度更新公式的约束因子,以保证算法在开始阶段具有较强的全局寻优能力,而在后期具有较强的局部寻优能力,从而实现对Landweber算法初始重建结果的进一步优化,以提高重建图像的质量。为验证新算法的有效性,选取较典型的LBP、改进Tikhonov迭代算法及Landweber图像重建算法,完成了ECT图像重建的对比实验。仿真结果表明,相对于其他算法,对于常见的几种流型,新算法在重建图像的主观及客观质量方面均有明显提高。     

The nonlinear Landweber method applied to an inverse scattering problem for sound-soft obstacles in 3D

The inverse scattering problem for sound-soft obstacles is considered for both smooth and piecewise smooth surfaces in 3D. The nonlinear and ill-posed integral equation of the first kind is solved by the nonlinear Landweber method. It is an iterative regularization scheme to obtain approximations for the unknown boundary of the obstacle. It is stable with respect to noise and essentially no extra work is required to incorporate several incident waves. So far, it has only been applied to the two dimensional case. Two different integral equations are presented to obtain far-field data. Furthermore, the domain derivative and its adjoint are characterized. The integral equations of the second kind are approximated by a boundary element collocation method. The two-grid method is used to solve the large and dense linear systems. Numerical examples are illustrated to show that both smooth and piecewise smooth obstacles can be reconstructed with this method, where the latter case has not yet been reported.     

基于回代信赖域的电阻层析成像算法

针对电阻层析成像(ERT)技术中反演问题的病态性,提出一种改进的回代信赖域算法BTR(Backtracking Trust Region),并将其应用于气/水两相流的可视化测量。该算法通过信赖域算法获得迭代方向,通过回代技术获得迭代步长,可在减小重建误差的同时,提高成像速度。利用Comsol软件进行仿真,并设计ERT系统对各种典型流型进行测量,验证了算法的可行性。通过与Landweber算法、共轭梯度算法和现存的信赖域算法的比较,证明本文方法明显改进了成像精度和实时性。     

Irregularization accelerates iterative regularization

When iterative methods are employed as regularizers of inverse problems, a main issue is the trade-off between smoothing effects and computation time, related to the convergence rate of iterations. Very often, faster methods obtain less accuracy. A new acceleration strategy is presented here, inspired by a choice of penalty terms formerly proposed in 2012 by Huckle and Sedlacek in the context of Tikhonov regularization by direct solvers. More precisely, we consider a special penalty term endowed with high regularization capabilities, and we apply it by using the opposite sign, that is negative, to its regularization parameter. This unprecedented choice leads to an “irregularization” phenomenon, which speeds up the underlying basic iterative method. The speeding up effects of the negative valued penalty term can be controlled through a sequence of decreasing coefficients as the iterations proceed in order to prevent noise amplification, tuning the weight of the correction term which generates the anti-regularization behavior. Filter factor expansion and convergence are analyzed in the simplified context of linear inverse problems in Hilbert spaces, by considering modified Landweber iterations as a first case study.     

Optimization method for the inverse problem of reconstructing the source term in a parabolic equation

This work investigates the inverse problem of reconstructing a spacewise dependent heat source in the parabolic heat equation using a final temperature measurement. Such problem has important application in a large field of applied science. On the basis of the optimal control framework, the existence and necessary condition of the minimizer for the cost functional are established. The global uniqueness and stability of the minimizer are deduced from the necessary condition. The Landweber iteration algorithm is applied to the inverse problem and some numerical results are presented for various typical test examples.     

利用信息熵的岩心图像自适应压缩感知重构

针对BCS-SPL算法对岩心图像进行压缩感知重构的细节模糊的问题,提出一种利用信息熵的岩心图像BCS-SPL压缩感知重构算法.采用小波变换对岩心图像进行稀疏表示,对各子带进行多尺度分块,依据信息熵的大小自适应分配采样率并确定观测矩阵,通过维纳滤波结合Landweber迭代操作实现重构.实验结果表明,在相同采样率下,与原始的BCS-SPL算法相比,该算法的重构质量提高了2-4 dB.     

A subspace trust-region method for seismic migration inversion

In seismic exploration, regularized migration inversion of seismic data usually requires solving a weighted least-squares problem with constrains. It is well known that directly solving this problem using some decomposition techniques is very time-consuming, which makes it less possible for practical use. For iterative methods, previous research is mainly on solving the inverse model in a full space. In this paper, a robust subspace method is applied to seismic migration inversion with Gaussian beam representations of Green's function. The problem is first formulated by incorporating regularizing constraints, and then, it is changed from full space to subspace and solved by a trust-region method. To test the potential of the application of the developed method, synthetic data simulations are performed. The results show that this method is very promising for ill-posed seismic migration inversion problems.     

基于改进FOCUSS算法的电容层析成像算法研究

针对电容层析成像(electrical capacitance tomography,ECT)逆问题求解的病态性和不适定性,在压缩感知(compressed sensing,CS)的基础上,提出一种改进FOCUSS的ECT重建算法。采用离散余弦变换(DCT)基将原始图像灰度信号进行稀疏化处理,在使用正则化FOCUSS算法求解的过程中引入拟牛顿法逼近求解中间稀疏变量,以提高信号重构的准确性。仿真实验结果表明,同LBP、Tikhonov和Landweber和FOCUSS算法相比,改进的FOCUSS算法能够有效区分物场中的不同介质,改善图像过度平滑的问题,减小图像误差至0.23,提高图像相关系数至0.80,具有更好的成像效果,为ECT图像重建算法的研究提供新的思路。     

On Computer Implementation for Comparison of Inverse Numerical Schemes for Non-Linear Equations

In this research article, we interrogate two new modifications in inverse Weierstrass iterative method for estimating all roots of non-linear equation simultaneously. These modifications enables us to accelerate the convergence order of inverse Weierstrass method from 2 to 3. Convergence analysis proves that the orders of convergence of the two newly constructed inverse methods are 3. Using computer algebra system Mathematica, we find the lower bound of the convergence order and verify it theoretically. Dynamical planes of the inverse simultaneous methods and classical iterative methods are generated using MATLAB (R2011b), to present the global convergence properties of inverse simultaneous iterative methods as compared to classical methods. Some non-linear models are taken from Physics, Chemistry and engineering to demonstrate the performance and efficiency of the newly constructed methods. Computational CPU time, and residual graphs of the methods are provided to present the dominance behavior of our newly constructed methods as compared to existing inverse and classical simultaneous iterative methods in the literature.