基于局部特征点的三维模型变换域水印算法HHME2013-ID83

为进一步提高变换域水印的鲁棒性,解决多分辨率小波变换对三角形网格形状的限制,本文提出一种基于局部特征点的变换域算法。首先根据经度角和纬度角对模型分区,并求出局部特征点;其次由局部特征点的模长与非局部特征点模长的均值构成的比例组成二维矩阵,对二维矩阵进行离散小波变换,并修改小波系数中的各分辨率层的中高频系数以嵌入水印;最后通过逆向离散小波变换得到空域信号,修改三维模型局部特征点的模长以得到含水印的三维网格模型。实验结果表明,该算法具有很好的鲁棒性和不可见性,对模型的网格形状无严格要求,能够不受平移、旋转、均匀缩放和顶点重排序的影响,并能有效抵抗噪声、简化、剪切、细分、量化和联合攻击等一系列的常见攻击。     

局部特征点的3维模型变换域水印算法

目的 为进一步提高变换域水印的鲁棒性,解决多分辨率小波变换对三角形网格形状的限制,提出一种基于局部特征点的变换域水印算法。方法 首先根据经度角和纬度角对模型分区,并求出局部特征点;其次由局部特征点的模长与非局部特征点模长的均值构成的比值组成2维矩阵,对2维矩阵进行离散小波变换,并修改小波系数中的各分辨率层的中高频系数来嵌入水印;最后通过逆向离散小波变换得到空域信号,修改3维模型局部特征点的模长以得到含水印的3维网格模型。结果 本文方法能够不受平移、旋转、均匀缩放和顶点重排序的影响,并能有效抵抗噪声、简化、剪切、细分、量化和联合攻击等一系列的常见攻击。结论 实验结果表明,该算法具有很好的鲁棒性和不可见性,对模型的网格形状无严格要求。     

基于多分辨率马尔可夫随机场运动目标分割

提出一种基于三维时空小波变换和马尔可夫随机场(MarkovRandomField)模型的多分辨率运动目标分割算法。该算法利用三维时空小波变换对图像序列进行分解得到多分辨率的图像序列,并在此基础上建立多分辨率的马尔可夫随机场模型,构造相应的能量函数。通过条件迭代模型优化算法(IteratedConditionalModes)求解能量函数的最优解,得出标记场,提取出运动目标。实验结果证明,该算法能够很好地消除了单一分辨率的MRF运动检测结果中"空洞"现象,对运动目标分割具有很好的分割效果。     

Multiresolution modeling techniques in CAD

This paper investigates new wavelet-based multiresolution modeling techniques in CAD. Models in the system are represented by endpoint-interpolating B-spline functions. Wavelet deformation techniques are extended to include synthesis editing and detail blending from previous sweep editing and fractional editing methods. Application of multiresolution editing to multiple patches of complex topology is investigated. An algorithm for multi-patch deformation is developed by enforcement of G⁰ continuity between adjacent patches. After editing G¹ continuity may be recaptured by numerical optimization of the error vectors along boundary seams. A simple CAD interface is implemented for B-spline patch acquisition based on reverse engineered data and layer based modeling and a moving cursor plane is used for three-dimensional (3D) editing. Design examples are presented to illustrate the 3D wavelet editing capability. The developed wavelet deformation techniques can be a useful complement to current CAD systems by providing powerful new modeling and editing capabilities.     

Efficient 3D object recognition using foveated point clouds

Recent hardware technologies have enabled acquisition of 3D point clouds from real world scenes in real time. A variety of interactive applications with the 3D world can be developed on top of this new technological scenario. However, a main problem that still remains is that most processing techniques for such 3D point clouds are computationally intensive, requiring optimized approaches to handle such images, especially when real time performance is required. As a possible solution, we propose the use of a 3D moving fovea based on a multiresolution technique that processes parts of the acquired scene using multiple levels of resolution. Such approach can be used to identify objects in point clouds with efficient timing. Experiments show that the use of the moving fovea shows a seven fold performance gain in processing time while keeping 91.6% of true recognition rate in comparison with state-of-the-art 3D object recognition methods.     

小波分析在三维地形数据简化中的应用研究

研究了小波分析在三维地形数据简化中的应用。在分析了小波多分辨率分析理论的基础上,重点探讨了小波多分辨率分析理论在三维地形简化中的应用,提出了实现三维地形数据简化的一种新的方法。     

Non-rigid 3D shape tracking from multiview video

We present a fast and efficient non-rigid shape tracking method for modeling dynamic 3D objects from multiview video. Starting from an initial mesh representation, the shape of a dynamic object is tracked over time, both in geometry and topology, based on multiview silhouette and 3D scene flow information. The mesh representation of each frame is obtained by deforming the mesh representation of the previous frame towards the optimal surface defined by the time-varying multiview silhouette information with the aid of 3D scene flow vectors. The whole time-varying shape is then represented as a mesh sequence which can efficiently be encoded in terms of restructuring and topological operations, and small-scale vertex displacements along with the initial model. The proposed method has the ability to deal with dynamic objects that may undergo non-rigid transformations and topological changes. The time-varying mesh representations of such non-rigid shapes, which are not necessarily of fixed connectivity, can successfully be tracked thanks to restructuring and topological operations employed in our deformation scheme. We demonstrate the performance of the proposed method both on real and synthetic sequences.     

Reverse engineering with subdivision surfaces

Reverse engineering is concerned with the reconstruction of surfaces from three-dimensional point clouds originating from laser-scanned objects. We present an adaptive surface reconstruction method providing a hierarchy of quadrilateral meshes adapting surface topology when a mesh is refined. This way, a user can choose a model with proper resolution and topology from the hierarchy without having to run the algorithm multiple times with different parameters. The multiresolution mesh representation can be used subsequently for view-dependent rendering and wavelet compression.     

基于三维小波变换的视频散列算法

针对视频水印系统的安全性问题,提出一种基于三维小波变换的视频散列算法。该算法对预处理后的三维视频序列依次进行行方向一维小波变换、列方向一维小波变换和时间方向一维小波变换,完成视频序列的一层三维离散小波变换,并给出散列计算结果。仿真实验证明,该算法对帧内像素移动攻击及随机帧抖动攻击具有较强的鲁棒性。     

可调度的小波网格变形

三维网格模型的Morphing是计算机动画研究的重要内容,利用频谱工具控制变形成份出现的次序是对变形路径进行控制的有效方法之一。但在三维网格模型上无法直接进行频谱分析,使得该技术一直无法在网格模型的Morphing中发挥作用。论文在数字几何处理框架的基础上,提出了利用小波分析进行可控网格变形的新方法。针对变形研究和数字几何处理中的关键问题——特征点对齐和采样,分别提出了基于Harmonic映射的参数化网格warping的特征对齐方法以及新型的自适应采样方法。实验表明,该方法稳定可靠,计算量适中,变形结果更为丰富。     

The 3D Model Acquisition Pipeline

Three-dimensional (3D) image acquisition systems are rapidly becoming more affordable, especially systems based on commodity electronic cameras. At the same time, personal computers with graphics hardware capable of displaying complex 3D models are also becoming inexpensive enough to be available to a large population. As a result, there is potentially an opportunity to consider new virtual reality applications as diverse as cultural heritage and retail sales that will allow people to view realistic 3D objects on home computers.
Although there are many physical techniques for acquiring 3D data—including laser scanners, structured light and time-of-flight—there is a basic pipeline of operations for taking the acquired data and producing a usable numerical model. We look at the fundamental problems of range image registration, line-of-sight errors, mesh integration, surface detail and color, and texture mapping. In the area of registration we consider both the problems of finding an initial global alignment using manual and automatic means, and refining this alignment with variations of the Iterative Closest Point methods. To account for scanner line-of-sight errors we compare several averaging approaches. In the area of mesh integration, that is finding a single mesh joining the data from all scans, we compare various methods for computing interpolating and approximating surfaces. We then look at various ways in which surface properties such as color (more properly, spectral reflectance) can be extracted from acquired imagery. Finally, we examine techniques for producing a final model representation that can be efficiently rendered using graphics hardware.     

Processing of 3D meshed surfaces using spherical wavelets

This paper presents an efficient technique for processing of 3D meshed surfaces via spherical wavelets.More specifically,an input 3D mesh is firstly transformed into a spherical vector signal by a fast low distortion spherical parameterization approach based on symmetry analysis of 3D meshes.This signal is then sampled on the sphere with the help of an adaptive sampling scheme.Finally,the sampled signal is transformed into the wavelet domain according to spherical wavelet transform where many 3D mesh processing operations can be implemented such as smoothing,enhancement,compression,and so on.Our main contribution lies in incorporating a fast low distortion spherical parameterization approach and an adaptive sampling scheme into the frame for processing 3D meshed surfaces by spherical wavelets,which can handle surfaces with complex shapes.A number of experimental examples demonstrate that our algorithm is robust and efficient.     

基于小波变换的非渐进网格压缩

为了取得较好的三角形网格压缩性能，提出了一种基于小波变换的三角形网格非渐进压缩方法。该压缩方法先利用重新网格化来去除大部分连接信息，然后利用小波变换的强去相关能力来压缩几何信息。在进行重新网格化和小波变换后，再按一个确定的次序将所有的小波系数扫描为一个序列，然后对其做量化和算术编码。另外，对重新网格化得到的自适应半正规采样模式，还设计了一种自适应细分信息编码算法，以便使解码端知道每一个小波系数应该放置在哪一个顶点上。实验表明，用该压缩方法对由三维扫描仪获取的复杂网格进行压缩，取得了比Edgebreaker方法明显要好的率失真性能；10比特量化时，压缩倍数在200倍左右，为Edgebreaker方法的2倍多。     

一种基于小波变换的三维网格模型水印算法

提出了一种基于小波变换的强壮三维网格模型数字水印算法。首先采用一种平面参数化算法将三维网格模型映射为二维参数网格，三维网格模型表面的几何信号相应转换为二维信号，然后采用一种自适应小波水印算法加入水印。实验结果显示该水印算法能够抵抗各种几何信号处理攻击。     

System for reconstruction of three-dimensional micro objects from multiple photographic images

We introduce a system to reconstruct a three-dimensiojnal (3D) polygonal model of 3D micro objects with outer dimensions ranging from several hundred microns to several millimeters from multiple two-dimensional (2D) images of an object taken from different views. The data acquisition system consists of a digital microscope that captures still images at a resolution of 1600 × 1200 pixels and a computer-controlled turntable. We employ the shape-from-silhouette (SFS) method to construct a voxel-based 3D model from silhouette images. The concave shapes are further carved by using the space carving technique. In order to make the resulting model compatible with a commercial CAD/CAM system, the voxel model is converted into a triangular mesh using the marching cubes algorithm. Because the mesh generated from the voxel model by using the marching cubes algorithm inherits the staircase effect, the mesh is adjusted to recover the object precisely by using silhouette images. Finally, we evaluate the accuracy of the proposed method. The reconstructed models of complex micro objects indicate the effectiveness of the 3D shape reconstruction system for micro objects.     

From laser point clouds to surfaces: Statistical nonparametric methods for three-dimensional reconstruction

This paper presents a new method for the reconstruction of three-dimensional objects surveyed with a terrestrial laser scanner. The method is a 2.5D surface modelling technique which is based on the application of statistical nonparametric regression methods for point cloud regularization and mesh smoothing, specifically the kernel-smoothing techniques. The proposed algorithm was tested in a theoretical model-simulations being carried out with the aim of evaluating the ability of the method to filter random noise and oscillations related to the acquisition of data during the fieldwork-and the results were satisfactory. The method was then applied, as a reverse engineering tool, to real-world data in the field of naval construction. A precise solution to the problem of obtaining realistic surfaces and sections of large industrial objects from laser 3D point clouds is provided, which has proved to be efficient in terms of computational time.     

Volume Preservation of Multiresolution Meshes

Geometric constraints have proved to be efficient for enhancing the realism of shape animation. The present paper addresses the computation and the preservation of the volume enclosed by multiresolution meshes. A wavelet based representation allows the mesh to be handled at any level of resolution. The key contribution is the calculation of the volume as a trilinear form with respect to the multiresolution coefficients. Efficiency is reached thanks to the pre-processing of a sparse 3D data structure involving the transposition of the filters while represented as a lifting scheme. A versatile and interactive method for preserving the volume during a deformation process is then proposed. It is based on a quadratic minimization subject to a linearization of the volume constraint. A closed form of the solution is derived.     

Some applications of Loop-subdivision wavelet tight frames to?the?processing of 3D graphics

Multiresolution analysis based on subdivision wavelets is an important method of 3D graphics processing. Many applications of this method have been studied and developed, including denoising, compression, progressive transmission, multiresolution editing and so on. Recently Charina and St?ckler firstly gave the explicit construction of wavelet tight frame transform for subdivision surfaces with irregular vertices, which made its practical applications to 3D graphics became a subject worthy of investigation. Based on the works of Charina and St?ckler, we present in detail the wavelet tight frame decomposition and reconstruction formulas for Loop-subdivision scheme. We further implement the algorithm and apply it to the denoising, compression and progressive transmission of 3D graphics. By comparing it with the biorthogonal Loop-subdivision wavelets of Bertram, the numerical results illustrate the good performance of the algorithm. Since multiresolution analysis based on subdivision wavelets or subdivision wavelet tight frames requires the input mesh to be semi-regular, we also propose a simple remeshing algorithm for constructing meshes which not only have subdivision connectivity but also approximate the input mesh.     

基于小波变换的3维网格水印

3维网格数据是不规则采样的数据集,传统的图像变换域水印算法不能直接应用到网格上.提出了一种小波变换域的鲁棒网格水印算法.该算法对半规则的多分辨率网格进行小波变换,得到一个基网格和一系列小波系数.在对小波系数的统计特性进行实验分析的基础上,选择在低频子带的小波系数中嵌入水印,并对小波系数的切向和法向分量设计了不同的嵌入强度,以减小几何失真.实验结果表明,该水印算法满足不可见性,并具有较强的鲁棒性.