OWL DL的形式化基础研究

W3C正在制定的OWL DL是一种面向语义Web的知识表示标记语言，具有较强的知识表达能力并适合大规模应用的推理效率，是语义Web领域对适合语义Web应用的知识表示标记语言进行研究的最新综合．在知识表示领域，为了对知识表达能力和推理效率做合适的折衷，进行了大量关于描述逻辑的研究，本文以描述逻辑作为OWL DL的形式化基础，详细分析了OWL DL和描述逻辑间的对应关系，用描述逻辑的语义解释了OWL DL的各个基本元素，从而可以将描述逻辑领域研究的大量成果应用到OWL DL上来，为进一步研究OWL DL的知识表示、推理等问题奠定了基础．     

对OWL及其逻辑基础的研究

OWL是Web Ontology的表示语言,是实现语义Web的语言工具.对OWL三个子语言的语法进行了比较分析,重点对OWL的逻辑基础(即描述逻辑)进行了讨论,就描述逻辑如何用于表示本体进行了研究,提出了一种基于描述逻辑的本体模型,并对描述逻辑的推理机制进行了阐述.     

语义Web的逻辑基础

分析了语义Web的逻辑基础.指出了语义Web语言RDF和RDF Schema的语义是基于非经典的模型论语义,阐明了在此基础上扩展到表达能力更强的基于描述逻辑的本体语言OWL的困难.然后描述了OWL对这些困难的解决方法,并概述了如何把OWL的本体推理归约到描述逻辑的知识库可满足性问题.最后介绍了在OWL的基础上纳入Horn子句规则的方法.     

基于逻辑映射的时空本体构造

时间和空间的表示和推理是人工智能研究中重要的组成部分。随着时空信息在地理信息系统、时空数据库、CAD/CAM等领域的重要应用,时空信息的本体表示越来越受到人们的重视。目前时空本体的构造都是基于一阶谓词逻辑,不能直接应用最新的OWL本体语言描述,不利于其在语义Web上的表示和应用。为解决这一问题,该文研究了使用一阶谓词逻辑到描述逻辑的逻辑映射构造的时空本体,给出了基于Web本体语言OWL的时空本体在Protégé环境中的具体实现。     

SWRL推理规则在平面几何证明中的应用

OWL由于其具有较强的知识表示能力目前已成为语义Web知识建模的主要语言,尽管如此,它在知识推理方面存在着许多不足。语义网规则语言（SWRL）是为了弥补OWL的不足发展起来的,它是以OWL的子语言OWL DL以及其它规则标记语言为基础的规则描述语言,将SWRL推理规则引入OWL DL可以大大改善OWL DL的推理能力。运用SWRL推理规则和Jess推理机对平面几何证明题进行了推理和证明,结果验证了SWRL推理规则的有效性和正确性,在实践中同时也发现了SWRL存在的一些问题,有待今后进一步研究。     

基于OWL的软件工程数据建模

网络本体语言(Web ontology language,OWL)是语义网技术的一个重要组成部分,适合于对复杂的数据进行语义描述和建模.在软件系统的开发过程中通常会产生大量结构复杂、语义丰富的数据,而建立一个灵活的语义模型是对各类软件工程数据进行统一管理的基础.从设计和实现海量软件工程数据管理平台的需求出发,提出了一种基于OWL的软件工程数据描述模型.该模型不仅能够对源代码、需求、测试、版本和缺陷数据进行描述,同时还能对这些数据之问的语义关联进行描述.通过案例分析对模型的有效性进行了讨论.     

面向语义Web的领域本体表示、推理与集成研究

语义Web的基础之一是本体，为了让机器能够理解Web的内容并做推理，需要建立本体，并利用本体中定义的术语作为元数据来标记Web的内容．阐明了本体和领域本体的关系；介绍了现有面向语义Web的本体语言的概况；根据表达能力和推理效率的综合权衡，选择OWL Lite作为本体语言；提出了一种面向语义Web的领域本体表示、推理方法DORRSW和一种面向语义Web的多领域本体集成方法MDOISW；最后给出应用实例来说明方法的应用．通过这些论述，阐明面向语义Web的领域本体表示、推理与集成的基本情况，从而为创建面向语义Web的本体提供了基础知识．     

基于语义网规则语言的推理机制框架设计

分析了本体描述语言OWL DL在表达能力上局限于描述逻辑的缺陷以及语义网规则语言(semantic web rule language,SWRL)的特点,在已有时本体和规则结合推理的研究基础上,提出了一个基于SWRL的推理机制框架.该框架在OWL本体中引入了规则的表示,弥补了OWLDL在推理机制上的不足,经该框架推导出的新本体在原本体的基础上增加了概念间的语义关联,将隐性知识显示化,完善了本体知识库的内容.在语义Web领域,该框架的应用能够提高本体知识的利用率.     

基于OWL描述本体的语义信息抽取

文中描述了一种基于OWL本体抽取出可以被语义Web Agent理解的语义数据的方法，在抽取过程中先将OWL本体模型转换成OSM本体，然后生成抽取规则，并进一步完善本体，最后将抽取出的数据加上语义标记，转换成语义WebAgent可以接收的RDF格式，从而可以促进语义Web的发展。     

基于OWL和Horn子句的β-PSML语言框架

提出了将OWL和Horn子句相结合构建β-PSML语言,它既可以表示OWL中不能表示的多元关系,又可以表示Horn子句难以表示的有丰富等级结构的领域模型。提出的β-PSML语言是一种语义Web中新的知识表示方法,利用该β-PSML语言的推理功能可以完成语义Web中的查询。     

Development of a product configuration system with an ontology-based approach

Product configuration is a crucial means to implement the mass customization paradigm by assembling a set of customizable components to satisfy both customers’ needs and technical constraints. With the aim of enabling efficient and effective development of product configuration systems by reusing configuration knowledge, an ontology-based approach to modeling product configuration knowledge is presented in this paper. The ontology-based product configuration models are hierarchically organized. At the lower level, a configuration meta-model is defined. Based on this meta-model, domain-specific configuration knowledge can be derived by reusing or inheriting the classes or relations in the meta-model. Configuration models are formalized using OWL (Ontology Web Language), an ontology representation language developed by W3C. As a result, configuration models have well-defined semantics due to the logic semantics of OWL, making it possible to automatically detect inconsistencies of configuration knowledge bases. Furthermore, configuration constraints are represented in SWRL, a rule language based on OWL. Finally, actual configuration processes are carried out using JESS, a rule engine for the Java platform, by mapping OWL-based configuration facts and SWRL-based configuration constraints into JESS facts and JESS rules, respectively. The proposed methodology is illustrated with an example for configuring the ranger drilling machine.     

基于语义Web的受控自然语言系统推理模型

虽然相关研究组织提供了语义Web的一些简化工具,但是对不具备相关背景知识的领域专家来说,语义Web的可用性较低。提出了基于语义Web的受控自然语言系统推理模型,以解决这个问题。首先给出受控自然语言系统推理模型框架;然后分析受控自然语言的语言处理部分,提出基于WordNct的受控自然语言系统的本体词库模型和基于本体词库的受控自然语言解释器,把受控自然语言转换成中间表达语言篇章表述结构;最后通过推理部分把篇章表述结构转换成语义Web的本体和规则,通过模板工具映射成Jess的事实和规则,根据预定义的语义Web的公理和定理对受控自然语言进行推理。试验证明此模型大大提高了知识表示建模的效率,也基本满足简单推理任务,具有实用价值。     

Interpreting SWRL Rules in RDF Graphs

An unresolved issue in SWRL (the Semantic Web Rule Language) is whether the intended semantics of its RDF representation can be described as an extension of the W3C RDF semantics. In this paper we propose to make the model-theoretic semantics of SWRL compatible with RDF by interpreting SWRL rules in RDF graphs. For dealing with SWRL/RDF rules, we regard ‘Implies’ as an OWL class, and extract all ‘Implies’ rules from an RDF database that represents a SWRL knowledge base. Each ‘Implies’ rule is grounded through mappings built into the semantic conditions of the model theory. Based on the fixpoint semantics, a bottom-up strategy is employed to compute the least Herbrand models.     

A Rule-Based Object-Oriented OWL Reasoner

In this paper, we describe O-DEVICE, a memory-based knowledge-based system for reasoning and querying OWL ontologies by implementing RDF/OWL entailments in the form of production rules in order to apply the formal semantics of the language. Our approach is based on a transformation procedure of OWL ontologies into an object-oriented schema and the application of inference production rules over the generated objects in order to implement the various semantics of OWL. In order to enhance the performance of the system, we introduce a dynamic approach of generating production rules for ABOX reasoning and an incremental approach of loading ontologies. O-DEVICE is built over the CLIPS production rule system, using the object-oriented language COOL to model and handle ontology concepts and RDF resources. One of the contributions of our work is that we enable a well-known and efficient production rule system to handle OWL ontologies. We argue that although native OWL rule reasoners may process ontology information faster, they lack some of the key features that rule systems offer, such as the efficient manipulation of the information through complex rule programs. We present a comparison of our system with other OWL reasoners, showing that O-DEVICE can constitute a practical rule environment for ontology manipulation.     

DR-Prolog: A System for Defeasible Reasoning with Rules and Ontologies on the Semantic Web

Nonmonotonic rule systems are expected to play an important role in the layered development of the semantic Web. Defeasible reasoning is a direction in nonmonotonic reasoning that is based on the use of rules that may be defeated by other rules. It is a simple, but often more efficient approach than other nonmonotonic rule systems for reasoning with incomplete and inconsistent information. This paper reports on the implementation of a system for defeasible reasoning on the Web. The system 1) is syntactically compatible with RuleML, 2) features strict and defeasible rules, priorities, and two kinds of negation, 3) is based on a translation to logic programming with declarative semantics, 4) is flexible and adaptable to different intuitions within defeasible reasoning, and 5) can reason with rules, RDF, RDF Schema, and (parts of) OWL ontologies