A Nonparametric Adaptive Tracking Algorithm Based on Multiple Feature Distributions

This paper presents an object tracking framework based on the mean-shift algorithm, which is a nonparametric technique that uses statistical color distribution of objects. Tracking objects through highly similar-colored background is one of the problems that need to be addressed. In various cases where object and background color distributions are very similar, the color distribution obtained from single frame alone is not sufficient to track objects reliably. To deal with this problem, the proposed algorithm utilizes an adaptive statistical background and foreground modeling to detect the change due to motion using kernel density estimation techniques based on multiple recent frames. The use of multiple frames supplies more information than single frame and thus it provides more accurate modeling of both background and foreground. In addition to color distribution, this statistical multiple frame-based motion representation is integrated into a modified mean-shift algorithm to create more robust object tracking framework. The use of motion distribution provides additional discriminative power to the framework. The superior performance with quantitative results of the framework has been validated using experiments on synthetic and real sequence of images     

基于全方位视觉的多目标跟踪技术

为了快速准确地检测并跟踪多目标对象, 提出了一种基于全方位视觉的多目标对象跟踪方法. 首先采用全方位视觉传感器(ODVS)实时地采集现场360°全景视频图像;接着融合运动历史图像算法(MHI)和运动能量算法(MEI)实现了快速高效的MHoEI(Motion History or Energy Images)自动跟踪算法, 对多目标对象进行检测和跟踪;最后, 本文采用面向对象技术融合目标对象进行匹配跟踪实验结果表明本文提出的方法能较好地跟踪多目标对象, 具有鲁棒性高、运算量小、便于硬件实现、高效等优点.     

一种用于智能监控的目标检测和跟踪方法*

在对现有目标检测、跟踪算法进行分析对比的基础上,设计并实现了一种简单有效的目标检测和跟踪方案。首先提出了一种基于像素灰度归类和单模态高斯模型的背景重构算法,能够利用多帧包含前景目标的场景图像重构准确的背景模型。进而以此为基础采用背景减法进行各帧中目标的检测,并选取形心作为匹配特征实现了场景中多个目标的有效跟踪。实验表明,该方法实现简单,无须事先提供背景图像即可实现目标的准确检测和跟踪,其性能明显优于传统基于时间平均背景模型的方法。     

A color-based particle filter for multiple object tracking in an outdoor environment

Tracking multiple objects is more challenging than tracking a single object. Some problems arise in multiple-object tracking that do not exist in single-object tracking, such as object occlusion, the appearance of a new object and the disappearance of an existing object, updating the occluded object, etc. In this article, we present an approach to handling multiple-object tracking in the presence of occlusions, background clutter, and changing appearance. The occlusion is handled by considering the predicted trajectories of the objects based on a dynamic model and likelihood measures. We also propose target-model-update conditions, ensuring the proper tracking of multiple objects. The proposed method is implemented in a probabilistic framework such as a particle filter in conjunction with a color feature. The particle filter has proven very successful for nonlinear and non-Gaussian estimation problems. It approximates a posterior probability density of the state, such as the object’s position, by using samples or particles, where each state is denoted as the hypothetical state of the tracked object and its weight. The observation likelihood of the objects is modeled based on a color histogram. The sample weight is measured based on the Bhattacharya coefficient, which measures the similarity between each sample’s histogram and a specified target model. The algorithm can successfully track multiple objects in the presence of occlusion and noise. Experimental results show the effectiveness of our method in tracking multiple objects.     

融合目标形状信息及图割窄带优化的目标跟踪算法

提出基于图割窄带优化算法及融合目标形状信息的目标跟踪方法,首先采用卡尔曼滤波方法对目标新的位置进行预测,进而基于目标当前位置及分割结果估计目标的形状的信息,然后在目标预测位置采用窄带的图割优化算法并集成目标的形状先验信息对目标的进行分割,从而确定目标新的位置并得到目标新的轮廓结果,完成目标的精确跟踪。实验结果表明提出的方法具有良好的性能,能够精确有效的跟踪复杂背景中的运动目标。由于采用窄带图割分割优化,使得算法也具有良好的实时性,能够在实际中得到应用。     

基于改进光流特征的运动目标跟踪

在城市智能视频监控中需要对运动目标进行实时跟踪,针对传统的运动目标检测中出现的跟踪目标易丢失、跟踪率低、实时性差等问题,提出一种基于改进光流特征的运动目标跟踪检测方法,对运动行人目标进行跟踪。该方法首先采用改进的Vibe运动背景建模法对视频中存在的运动行人进行检测,再将Shi-Tomasi角点检测与LK光流法进行结合,将角点检测结果融入到LK光流法中,并对检测到的角点进行运动光流特征提取,最后通过卡尔曼滤波对出现的行人进行预测跟踪,采用匈牙利最优匹配算法实现对运动目标的持续匹配以及对运动目标的跟踪。仿真结果表明,本文提出的方法能够对视频中出现的运动目标进行检测跟踪,具有较好的识别效果,且检测效率得到提高。      

子空间描述的关节式目标跟踪

针对关节式目标变化对子空间描述造成的影响,本文提出了一种基于增量学习的关节式目标跟踪算法.该算法通过引入图像分割方法与快速傅里叶变换可有效消除背景像素对目标描述造成的影响以及目标区域前景目标位置对不准造成的误差,同时应用局部二值模式增加目标描述中像素点间的几何位置信息,应用基于增量学习的方法实现目标特征的在线更新,最终为跟踪算法提供较为精确的目标描述.实验结果表明,本文提出的关节式目标跟踪算法具有较好的目标跟踪效果.     

Radar-based road-traffic monitoring in urban environments

This work presents a novel approach to object detection and tracking in urban environments using images obtained from a radar network, deployed in an urban environment. The proposed system detects, tracks and computes the speed of vehicles and generates alerts when vehicles exceed the predefined road speed limit. The available radar model is a low-cost device oriented to marine environments rather than terrestrial applications. For this reason, we emphasize in the development of a realistic, robust, efficient and effective algorithm which deals with the hardware limitations to provide a suitable overall performance. To reach this objective, we propose dual background subtraction model to detect objects and a tracking method based on the particle filter algorithm. Furthermore, to ensure real time restriction even in HD imagery, our method takes advantage in a natural way of multicore systems and exploits advanced SIMD capabilities available in last multicore processors families. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed system is able to detect and track multiple objects and to provide speeding alarms when needed. It is also capable to handle target occlusions and disappearances derived from the radar limitations and the noisy urban environment.     

Multi-object tracking evaluated on sparse events

This article presents a visual object tracking method and applies an event-based performance evaluation metric for assessment. The proposed monocular object tracker is able to detect and track multiple object classes in non-controlled environments. The tracking framework uses Bayesian per-pixel classification to segment an image into foreground and background objects, based on observations of object appearances and motions in real-time. Furthermore, a performance evaluation method is presented and applied to different state-of-the-art trackers based on successful detections of semantically high level events. These events are extracted automatically from the different trackers an their varying types of low level tracking results. Then, a general new event metric is used to compare our tracking method with the other tracking methods against ground truth of multiple public datasets.     

A real-time object detecting and tracking system for outdoor night surveillance

Autonomous video surveillance and monitoring has a rich history. Many deployed systems are able to reliably track human motion in indoor and controlled outdoor environments. However, object detection and tracking at night remain very important problems for visual surveillance. The objects are often distant, small and their signatures have low contrast against the background. Traditional methods based on the analysis of the difference between successive frames and a background frame will do not work. In this paper, a novel real time object detection algorithm is proposed for night-time visual surveillance. The algorithm is based on contrast analysis. In the first stage, the contrast in local change over time is used to detect potential moving objects. Then motion prediction and spatial nearest neighbor data association are used to suppress false alarms. Experiments on real scenes show that the algorithm is effective for night-time object detection and tracking.     

OPTICS聚类与目标区域概率模型的多运动目标跟踪

目的 针对多运动目标在移动背景情况下跟踪性能下降和准确度不高的问题,本文提出了一种基于OPTICS聚类与目标区域概率模型的方法。方法 首先引入了Harris-Sift特征点检测,完成相邻帧特征点匹配,提高了特征点跟踪精度和鲁棒性;再根据各运动目标与背景运动向量不同这一点,引入了改进后的OPTICS加注算法,在构建的光流图上聚类,从而准确的分离出背景,得到各运动目标的估计区域;对每个运动目标建立一个独立的目标区域概率模型(OPM),随着检测帧数的迭代更新,以得到运动目标的准确区域。结果 多运动目标在移动背景情况下跟踪性能下降和准确度不高的问题通过本文方法得到了很好地解决,Harris-Sift特征点提取、匹配时间仅为Sift特征的17%。在室外复杂环境下,本文方法的平均准确率比传统背景补偿方法高出14%,本文方法能从移动背景中准确分离出运动目标。结论 实验结果表明,该算法能满足实时要求,能够准确分离出运动目标区域和背景区域,且对相机运动、旋转,场景亮度变化等影响因素具有较强的鲁棒性。     

高斯加权的多分类器物体追踪

针对在物体外观快速变化的情况下,大多数弱学习器不能捕获物体新的特征分布,导致追踪失败的问题,提出了高斯加权的联机多分类器增强算法。该算法为每一个领域问题定义一个弱分类器,每个弱分类器包括一个简单的视觉特征和阈值,引入高斯加权函数来权衡每个弱分类器在特定样本上的贡献,通过多分类器联合学习来提高追踪性能。在物体追踪过程中,联机多分类器在对物体定位的同时还能估计物体的姿态,能够成功地学习多模态外观模型,在物体外观快速变化的情况下追踪物体。实验结果表明：所提算法在经过一个较短序列的训练后,平均追踪错误率为12.8%,追踪性能明显提升。     

基于DiMP模型迁移重组的RGBD目标跟踪

深度图可以提供运动目标所处的三维空间结构信息,因此可以用来提升跟踪性能。但目前缺少基于RGBD的目标跟踪数据集,无法直接训练RGBD输入下的深度学习跟踪器。对此,提出了一种基于知识对齐的模型迁移重组算法,可以方便地将在其他RGBD任务上训练得到的模型迁移到基于DiMP的跟踪算法上来,并且对于不同的跟踪对象不需要重新计算迁移参数。另外,针对深度图信息不稳定的问题,提出了一种高效的平滑稳定算法。在VOTRGBD数据集上的实验结果表明,迁移融合后的特征可以显著提升目标和背景之间的判别性,有效提升跟踪器的性能。     

结合Boosting方法与SVM的多核学习跟踪算法

针对传统算法在外界环境及目标运动导致外形变化的影响下跟踪效果不稳定的问题,提出一种鲁棒的多核学习跟踪算法,将Boosting提升方法引入到多核学习框架中,用比传统多核学习算法更少的样本训练,构建出基于互补性特征集和核函数集的弱分类器池,从中将多个单核的弱分类器组合出一个多核的强分类器,从而在出现较强背景干扰、目标被遮挡的情况下仍能正确地对候选图块中的背景和目标进行分类。对不同视频序列的测试结果表明,与同样采用Boosting方法的OAB算法及近年跟踪精度高的LOT算法相比,该算法能够在复杂环境下更准确地跟踪到目标。     

A Competitive Neural Network for Multiple Object Tracking in Video Sequence Analysis

Tracking of moving objects in real situation is a challenging research issue, due to dynamic changes in objects or background appearance, illumination, shape and occlusions. In this paper, we deal with these difficulties by incorporating an adaptive feature weighting mechanism to the proposed growing competitive neural network for multiple objects tracking. The neural network takes advantage of the most relevant object features (information provided by the proposed adaptive feature weighting mechanism) in order to estimate the trajectories of the moving objects. The feature selection mechanism is based on a genetic algorithm, and the tracking algorithm is based on a growing competitive neural network where each unit is associated to each object in the scene. The proposed methods (object tracking and feature selection mechanism) are applied to detect the trajectories of moving vehicles in roads. Experimental results show the performance of the proposed system compared to the standard Kalman filter.     

多特征融合的Camshift算法及其进一步改进

基于颜色核的Camshift算法可以有效实现简单场景下的目标跟踪,但在光线变化明显或目标与背景颜色相近的场景下易受干扰。为此,采用颜色、边缘梯度、纹理等多个特征自适应融合的方式改进算法,提高算法应对光线变化的能力;并通过修正特征直方图、设置合理搜索范围对算法进行进一步改进,解决相似背景的干扰问题。实验结果显示,在光照变化明显或目标与背景特征相近的场景中,改进的算法与传统算法相比具有更高的跟踪精度。     

基于粒子滤波和背景减除的多目标检测与跟踪算法

大多数应用于视频监控领域的目标跟踪模式识别方法,都需要先对移动目标进行模式学习。但是,这些方法不适合同时跟踪多个不同的目标,因为每一个移动目标的模式都应该是预先确定好的。因此,提出了一种新的基于粒子滤波和背景减除的无监督多运动目标检测与跟踪方法来解决这个问题。该方法能够自动探测和跟踪许多移动目标,没有任何学习阶段,也没有任何关于大小、性质或初始位置的先验知识。对多个视频测试集进行了实验验证,测试结果表明,该方法可以成功地处理复杂情况下的目标跟踪。与其他方法进行比较,结果显示提出的方法检测以及跟踪目标性能更好。     

Multiple 3D object position estimation and tracking using double filtering on multi-core processor

We present a new algorithm to tracking multiple 3D objects that has robustness, real-time processing ability and fast object registration. Usually, many augmented reality applications want to track 3D object using natural features in real-time, more accuracy and want to register target object immediately in few seconds. Prevalent object tracking algorithm uses FERN for feature extraction that takes long time to register and learning target object for high quality performance. Our method provides not only high accuracy but also fast target object registering time about 0.3 ms in same environment and real-time processing. These features are presented by using SURF, ROI, double robust filtering and optimized multi-core parallelization. Using our methods, tracking multiple 3D objects with fast and high accuracy is available.     

混合高斯模型的自适应前景提取

复杂场景下的运动前景提取是计算机视觉研究领域的研究重点。为解决复杂场景中的前景目标提取问题,本文提出一种应用于复杂变化场景中的基于混合高斯模型的自适应前景提取方法。本方法可以对视频帧中每个像素的高斯分布数进行动态控制,并且通过在线EM算法对高斯分布的各参数进行学习,此外每个像素的权值更新速率可根据策略进行调整。实验结果表明本方法对复杂变化场景具有较好的适应性,可有效、快速地提取前景目标,提取结果具有较好的查准率和查全率。     

Incremental Tensor Subspace Learning and Its Applications to Foreground Segmentation and Tracking

Appearance modeling is very important for background modeling and object tracking. Subspace learning-based algorithms have been used to model the appearances of objects or scenes. Current vector subspace-based algorithms cannot effectively represent spatial correlations between pixel values. Current tensor subspace-based algorithms construct an offline representation of image ensembles, and current online tensor subspace learning algorithms cannot be applied to background modeling and object tracking. In this paper, we propose an online tensor subspace learning algorithm which models appearance changes by incrementally learning a tensor subspace representation through adaptively updating the sample mean and an eigenbasis for each unfolding matrix of the tensor. The proposed incremental tensor subspace learning algorithm is applied to foreground segmentation and object tracking for grayscale and color image sequences. The new background models capture the intrinsic spatiotemporal characteristics of scenes. The new tracking algorithm captures the appearance characteristics of an object during tracking and uses a particle filter to estimate the optimal object state. Experimental evaluations against state-of-the-art algorithms demonstrate the promise and effectiveness of the proposed incremental tensor subspace learning algorithm, and its applications to foreground segmentation and object tracking.