Handwritten Chinese text recognition by integrating multiple contexts

This paper presents an effective approach for the offline recognition of unconstrained handwritten Chinese texts. Under the general integrated segmentation-and-recognition framework with character oversegmentation, we investigate three important issues: candidate path evaluation, path search, and parameter estimation. For path evaluation, we combine multiple contexts (character recognition scores, geometric and linguistic contexts) from the Bayesian decision view, and convert the classifier outputs to posterior probabilities via confidence transformation. In path search, we use a refined beam search algorithm to improve the search efficiency and, meanwhile, use a candidate character augmentation strategy to improve the recognition accuracy. The combining weights of the path evaluation function are optimized by supervised learning using a Maximum Character Accuracy criterion. We evaluated the recognition performance on a Chinese handwriting database CASIA-HWDB, which contains nearly four million character samples of 7,356 classes and 5,091 pages of unconstrained handwritten texts. The experimental results show that confidence transformation and combining multiple contexts improve the text line recognition performance significantly. On a test set of 1,015 handwritten pages, the proposed approach achieved character-level accurate rate of 90.75 percent and correct rate of 91.39 percent, which are superior by far to the best results reported in the literature.     

Attribute measure recognition approach and its applications to emitter recognition

1Introduction Radar emitter recognition has become an important issue in military intelligence,surveillance,and reconnaissance.With the rapid development of radar technology,the density and complexity of radar signal are increasing.Moreover,radar signals take on uncertainty,illegibility and contradiction.Current algorithms for radar emitter recogni-tion do not always give good performance.So some researches have been conducted for emitter recognition over the past years,such as expert system,…     

Face recognition using direct, weighted linear discriminant analysis and modular subspaces

We present a modular linear discriminant analysis (LDA) approach for face recognition. A set of observers is trained independently on different regions of frontal faces and each observer projects face images to a lower-dimensional subspace. These lower-dimensional subspaces are computed using LDA methods, including a new algorithm that we refer to as direct, weighted LDA or DW-LDA. DW-LDA combines the advantages of two recent LDA enhancements, namely direct LDA (D-LDA) and weighted pairwise Fisher criteria. Each observer performs recognition independently and the results are combined using a simple sum-rule. Experiments compare the proposed approach to other face recognition methods that employ linear dimensionality reduction. These experiments demonstrate that the modular LDA method performs significantly better than other linear subspace methods. The results also show that D-LDA does not necessarily perform better than the well-known principal component analysis followed by LDA approach. This is an important and significant counterpoint to previously published experiments that used smaller databases. Our experiments also indicate that the new DW-LDA algorithm is an improvement over D-LDA.     

Off-line general handwritten word recognition using an approximateBEAM matching algorithm

A recognition system for general isolated off-line handwritten words using an approximate segment-string matching algorithm is described. The fundamental paradigm employed is a character-based segment-then-recognize/match strategy. An additional user supplied contextual information in the form of a lexicon guides a graph search to estimate the most likely word image identity. This system is designed to operate robustly in the presence of document noise, poor handwriting, and lexicon errors. A pre-processing step is initially applied to the image to remove noise artifacts and normalize the handwriting. An oversegmentation approach is used to improve the likelihood of capturing the individual characters embedded in the word. A directed graph is constructed that contains many possible interpretations of the word image, many implausible. The most likely graph path and associated confidence is computed for each lexicon word to produce a final lexicon ranking. Experiments highlighting the characteristics of this algorithm are given     

Determination of optimal recognition algorithms in the two-level system

In this paper the problem of pattern recognition in the two-level system is investigated. The application of linear decision functions to the determination of the optimal recognition algorithms is presented. The results are obtained in a numerical way using a random method of optimization.     

Neural recognition in a pyramidal structure

In recent years, there have been several proposals for the realization of models inspired to biological solutions for pattern recognition. In this work we propose a new approach, based on a hierarchical modular structure, to realize a system capable to learn by examples and recognize objects in digital images. The adopted techniques are based on multiresolution image analysis and neural networks. Performance on two different data sets and experimental timings on a single instruction multiple data (SIMD) machine are also reported.     

Diagnosability of Discrete Event Systems with Modular Structure

The diagnosis of unobservable faults in large and complex discrete event systems modeled by parallel composition of automata is considered. A modular approach is developed for diagnosing such systems. The notion of modular diagnosability is introduced and the corresponding necessary and sufficient conditions to ensure it are presented. The verification of modular diagnosability is performed by a new algorithm that incrementally exploits the modular structure of the system to save on computational effort. The correctness of the algorithm is proved. Online diagnosis of modularly diagnosable systems is achieved using only local diagnosers. *Olivier Contant is now working at Microsoft Corporation.     

分块二维保局投影方法及其在人脸识别中的应用

提出了一种基于图像分块的二维保局投影(分块2DLPP)的人脸识别方法.先对原始图像矩阵进行分块,然后对分块子图像施行2DLPP方法,再将各个分块按照一定的次序整合起来进行特征提取,从而实现图像降维.该方法能有效地提取图像的局部特征.实验表明:该方法在识别性能上优于2DLPP方法.     

二维主成分分析方法的推广及其在人脸识别中的应用

提出了分块二维主成分分析(分块2DPCA)的人脸识别方法。分块2DPCA方法先对图像矩阵进行分块,对分块得到的子图像矩阵直接进行鉴别分析。其特点是:能方便地降低鉴别特征的维数;可以完全避免使用矩阵的奇异值分解,特征抽取方便;与2DPCA方法相比,使用低维的鉴别特征矩阵,而达到较高(至少是不低)的正确识别率。此外,2DPCA是分块2DPCA的特例。在ORL和NUST603人脸库上的试验结果表明,所提出的方法在识别性能上优于2DPCA方法。     

Energy normalization for pose-invariant face recognition based on MRF model image matching

A pose-invariant face recognition system based on an image matching method formulated on MRFs is presented. The method uses the energy of the established match between a pair of images as a measure of goodness-of-match. The method can tolerate moderate global spatial transformations between the gallery and the test images and alleviate the need for geometric preprocessing of facial images by encapsulating a registration step as part of the system. It requires no training on non-frontal face images. A number of innovations, such as a dynamic block size and block shape adaptation, as well as label pruning and error pre-whitening measures have been introduced to increase the effectiveness of the approach. The experimental evaluation of the method is performed on two publicly available databases. First, the method is tested on the rotation shots of the XM2VTS data set in a verification scenario. Next, the evaluation is conducted in an identification scenario on the CMU-PIE database. The method compares favorably with the existing 2D or 3D generative model-based methods on both databases in both identification and verification scenarios.     

A novel framework for automatic 3D face recognition using quality assessment

The quality of biometric samples plays an important role in biometric authentication systems because it has a direct impact on verification or identification performance. In this paper, we present a novel 3D face recognition system which performs quality assessment on input images prior to recognition. More specifically, a reject option is provided to allow the system operator to eliminate the incoming images of poor quality, e.g. failure acquisition of 3D image, exaggerated facial expressions, etc.. Furthermore, an automated approach for preprocessing is presented to reduce the number of failure cases in that stage. The experimental results show that the 3D face recognition performance is significantly improved by taking the quality of 3D facial images into account. The proposed system achieves the verification rate of 97.09% at the False Acceptance Rate (FAR) of 0.1% on the FRGC v2.0 data set.     

基于改进CNN-SVM的甲烷传感器数显识别方法

甲烷传感器材质存在光反射,显示面板上有附着物,造成甲烷传感器自动检定系统采集的传感器数值图像质量较差,对字符识别困难。而现有的基于机器学习的仪表字符识别方法识别率较低、算法运行速度较慢。针对上述问题,提出了一种基于改进卷积神经网络(CNN)-支持向量机(SVM)的甲烷传感器数显识别方法。通过图像增强、数值区域图像提取、图像分割、小数点定位等4个步骤对甲烷传感器数值图像进行预处理,并将处理后的数字图像作为自定义数据集。针对CNN-SVM模型运行时间较长的问题,使用PCA算法对CNN全连接层提取的图像特征进行降维处理,用最主要数据特征代替原始数据作为SVM分类器的样本进行分类识别。在自建数据集上的验证结果表明,与传统CNN模型和CNN-SVM模型相比,改进CNN-SVM模型的准确率更高,运行时间更短。在经典MNIST数据集上的验证结果表明,综合考虑精度和实时性要求,改进CNN-SVM模型的综合性能优于CRNN,SSD,YOLOv3,Faster R-CNN等模型。采用微型高清USB摄像头采集甲烷传感器数值图像,将训练好的改进CNN-SVM模型移植到树莓派中进行图像处理和识别,结果表明,基于改进CNN-SVM的甲烷传感器数显识别方法的识别成功率为99%,与仿真分析结果一致。     

Applications of thermal image and extension theory to biometric personal recognition

In this paper, a new scheme is proposed to design a biometric personal recognition system. First, this paper used the thermal image of the hand by using infrared camera to build the sensor module of the recognition system; the extraction features include the length of palmar midpoint to each finger, palmar profile, finger length and finger width. The thermal image presented in this paper was detects infrared energy and converts it into an electronic signal. Then a new recognition method based on the extension is proposed to perform the core of the personal recognition system. The experimental results confirmed that proposed recognition system has a very high recognition rates, therefore, this paper verification using thermal image of the hand to identity recognition was feasible.     

A face detection and recognition system in color image series

A human face detection and recognition system for color image series is presented in this paper. The system is composed of two subsystems: human face detection subsystem and human face recognition subsystem. The face detection subsystem includes two modules: face finding and face verification. The human face finding module determines the face regions of a number of subjects from color image series using skin color analysis and motion analysis. The human face verification module is developed to verify the detected human faces by judging of eclipse and support vector machine (SVM), and precisely localize human faces by locating eyes and mouths based on Generalized Symmetry Transform. The features characterizing the relation between face patterns can be extracted and selected by Principal Component Analysis. Using these selected features to train multiple SVMs, we can finally classify human faces. Moreover, in these modules, several simple and complex methods are used to reduce the searching space. So the system can work at a high speed and high detection and recognition rate. Human face detection accuracy of the system is 97.2% under controllable lightning condition. Human face recognition accuracy of the system for 70 persons is 96.5% (with 20 eigenvectors) and 98.3% (with 30 eigenvectors).     

基于Gabor小波变换与分块PCA的人脸识别

由于Gabor小波描述的人脸特征维数太高,直接将Gabor小波提取的特征进行识别时出现计算量大、实时性差的问题,提出了基于Gabor小波变换与分块主分量分析的人脸识别新算法。首先对人脸图像进行Gabor小波变换得到人脸图像特征,然后用分块主分量分析方法对其进行降维、提取特征向量,最后用最近邻分类器分类识别。在ORL和NUST603人脸库上进行实验,结果表明,该方法的识别率优于传统PCA、分块PCA、Gabor小波变换与PCA结合的方法。     

Analysis of class separation and combination of class-dependentfeatures for handwriting recognition

In this paper, we propose a new approach to combine multiple features in handwriting recognition based on two ideas: feature selection-based combination and class dependent features. A nonparametric method is used for feature evaluation, and the first part of this paper is devoted to the evaluation of features in terms of their class separation and recognition capabilities. In the second part, multiple feature vectors are combined to produce a new feature vector. Based on the fact that a feature has different discriminating powers for different classes, a new scheme of selecting and combining class-dependent features is proposed. In this scheme, a class is considered to have its own optimal feature vector for discriminating itself from the other classes. Using an architecture of modular neural networks as the classifier, a series of experiments were conducted on unconstrained handwritten numerals. The results indicate that the selected features are effective in separating pattern classes and the new feature vector derived from a combination of two types of such features further improves the recognition rate     

Evolutionary fuzzy clustering and functional modular neural network-based human recognition

Computational intelligence shows its ability for solving many real-world problems efficiently. Synergism of fuzzy logic, evolutionary computation, and neural network can lead to development of a computational efficient and performance-rich system. In this paper, we propose a new approach for solving the human recognition problem that is the fusion of evolutionary fuzzy clustering and functional modular neural networks (FMNN). Evolutionary searching technique is applied for finding the optimal number of clusters that are generated through fuzzy clustering. The functional modular neural network has been used for recognition process that is evaluated with the help of integration based on combining the outcomes of FMNN. Performance of the proposed technique has been empirically evaluated and analyzed with the help of different parameters.