机器人程序设计语言

本文回顾了机器人程序设计语言的发展历史，概述了机器人语言的特点，并着重介绍几种主要的机器人语言，最后指出现在机器人语言的不足及其未来的发展。     

中国未来机器人产业之我见--访国内机器人产业知名企业家

自第一台机器人诞生至今，已走过了半个多世纪的历程，全球工业机器人的装机量已超过百万台，形成了一个巨大的机器人产业。同时，非制造业用机器人近几年也发展迅速，并逐步向实用化发展。中国从上世纪七十年代开始机器人的研究开发，此间起起伏伏，历经多个高潮与低谷，在技术上进展突出，但在机器人产业化方面收效不大。究其原因一是由于我国工业基础薄弱，机器人产业化中需要的许多关键原部件需要进口，从而导致国产机器人价格优势不明显；其次是我国的机器人市场一直处于培育期，难以有一个大的市场来支撑机器人产业化；第三则是我国缺少一贯和有效的机器人产业发展策略。     

两栖仿生机器人研究综述

概述了两栖仿生机器人的发展过程，主要从腿式和蛇形两方面介绍国内外两栖机器人的研究现状，分析了目前两栖机器人研究存在的一些难点问题，并展望了两栖机器人的未来发展。     

并联机器人的理论研究现状

引言 人类千百年来对器械自动化的追求，促使了机器人的产生和发展。自从1961年美国推出第一台工业机器人以来，机器人得到了迅速的发展。广泛应用于工业各部门以及服务、医疗、卫生、娱乐等许多方面，对人类的生活产生了深远的影响。现代所说的机器人多指工业机器人，大都是由基座、腰部（肩部）、大臂、小臂、腕部和手部构成，大臂小臂以串联形式连接，因而也称为串联机器人，目前关于机器人的研究大部分集中于这一领域。就在串联机器人蓬勃发展的时候，又出现了一类全新的机器人——并联机器人。它作为串联式机器人强有力的补充，扩大了…     

微操作机器人的研究现状与发展趋势

随着科学技术向微小、超精密领域的方向发展，机器人所要操作的对象也从宏观领域扩展到亚微米、纳米级的微观领域．因此，由微定位技术与机器人技术结合而产生的微操作机器人是机器人领域的新的研究方向，具有广阔的应用前景．本文总结了国内外微操作机器人领域的发展现状，介绍了微操作机器人的结构特点，列举了其部分的应用实例，在文章的最后展望了微操作机器人的发展趋势．     

医疗机器人研究的最新进展

机器人技术在医疗和保健领域中得到广泛的应用。外科、康复护理等机器人为传统医学解决了许多问题，医疗机器人的研究也在不断的发展中。本文考察了医疗机器人的现状，介绍了医疗机器人的最新研究进展和发展方向。     

医疗机器人发展概况综述

近年来，医疗机器人成为机器人领域研究热点之一．本文详细介绍了外科手术 机器人、康复机器人、医院服务机器人等在国内外的研究及应用现状，并探讨了今后的发展 方向．     

服务机器人的发展

服务机器人的发展是目前机器人领域的发展的新热点，文章系统地分析和归纳了服务机器人的发展现状和发展趋势。提出了一些发展思路和要点．     

腿式机器人的研究综述

分析了国内外腿式机器人的研究现状，讨论了腿式机器人在机械结构、稳定性和控制算法方面的现有研究方法，给出了腿式机器人研究存在的问题，展望了腿式机器人的发展方向．     

试论煤矿机器人的研究与开发

本文从我国发展工业机器人的政策和我国煤炭工业的现状发展趋势出发，论述了我国研究和开发煤矿机器人的必要性与可行性，以及把煤矿机器人作为发展我国工业机器人的重点之一的战略决策的合理性；并在调研和实践的基础上，就煤矿机器人应具备的特点及如何研究和开发煤矿机器人等问题提出了自己的意见和建议。     

State-of-the-Art control strategies for robotic PiH assembly

Nowadays, industrial robots have been widely applied for performing position-controlled tasks with minimum contact such as spot welding, spray painting, packing, and material handling; however, performing high-tolerance assembly tasks still poses a great challenge for robots because of various uncertainties of the parts to be assembled such as fixtures, end effector tools, or axes. From this perspective, the advancement of research and development has led to cutting-edge robotic technologies for industrial applications. To understand the technological trend of industrial robots, investigated the state-of-the-art robotic assembly technologies to identify the limitations of existing works and clarify future research directions in the field. This paper especially interested on typical peg-in-hole (PiH) assemblies, as PiH methods provide insights for further development of robot assemblies. The assembly control strategies for PiH operations is classified by based on the types and features of the assemblies, and the literature in terms of the contributions of these studies is compared to PiH assembly. Finally, the control strategies for robotic PiH assemblies are discussed in detail, and the limitations of the current robotic assembly technologies are discussed to identify the future direction of research for the control of robotic assembly.     

机器海豚多模态游动CPG控制

受自然界海豚超凡的水中游动技能启发,机器海豚在军事和民用上具有潜在的广泛应用前景,因此受到研究人员的极大关注. 然而,要实现机器海豚在水中自如地机动游动,必须为机器海豚设计一个具有丰富游动技能的多模态控制器. 为此,通过振荡器建模与分析、中枢模式发生器（Central pattern generation,CPG）与机器海豚关节配对、CPG单元间耦合等环节建立了机器海豚的链式弱耦合CPG运动控制模型,提出一种基于CPG激发产生多模态振荡波形控制机器海豚运动的方法. 详细阐述了机器海豚样机研制、控制器设计、运动控制实现与实验测试等内容. 向前直游、转弯、浮潜等游动实验结果验证了所提出的机器海豚CPG运动控制方法的有效性和实用性.     

基于CORBA技术的机器人模块化设计的研究进展

随着机器人应用领域的日益普及其功能的不断完善,机器人自身结构和控制也变得越来越复杂.传统的设计和开发方法已经逐渐显示出了制约机器人的应用和发展,为此,研究者们寻求机器人模块化和组件化设计新方法,本文将从介绍以CORBA为代表的中间件在机器人领域的研究状况为切入点,综述了基于CORBA中间件的机器人模块化设计技术,并指出了通过该技术将各种软硬件的异构因素封装在统一的功能组件中,解决模块化设计的瓶颈问题.最后展望和分析了模块化、分布式的机器人组件的发展趋势.     

服务机器人云平台服务质量指标体系综述

服务机器人的诞生丰富了人们的生活,并且随着大数据、云计算等技术的迅速发展,服务机器人连接云平台并从中调取算法服务已经能够实现,云服务机器人已然成为服务机器人的重点研究方向之一,而服务机器人云平台作为云服务机器人的云端服务平台有着重要的作用,需要对服务机器人云平台服务质量进行全面地评估,使服务机器人云平台能够和云服务机器人更好地结合。对服务机器人云平台服务质量指标体系进行综述,分别从软件QOS指标、网络QOS指标、服务机器人QOS指标三方面展开研究,并对三方面指标内容进行总结分析,得出一种服务机器人云平台服务质量指标体系,通过该体系能够对目前的服务机器人云平台以及相关云服务机器人的服务质量进行较为全面地评估,对该体系的未来发展进行展望。     

An Anthropomorphic Robotic Platform for Progressive and Adaptive Sensorimotor Learning

In recent years, advances and improvements in engineering and robotics have in part been due to strengthened interactions with the biological sciences. Robots that mimic the complexity and adaptability of biological systems have become a central goal in research and development in robotics. Usually, such a collaboration is addressed to a 2-fold perspective of (i) setting up anthropomorphic platforms as test beds for studies in neuroscience and (ii) promoting new mechatronic and robotic technologies for the development of bio-inspired or humanoid high-performance robotic platforms. This paper provides a brief overview of recent studies on sensorimotor coordination in human motor control and proposes a novel paradigm of adaptive learning for sensorimotor control, based on a multi-network high-level control architecture. The proposed neurobiologically inspired model has been applied to a robotic platform, purposely designed to provide anthropomorphic solutions to neuroscientific requirements. The goal of this work is to use the bio-inspired robotic platform as a test bed for validating the proposed model of high-level sensorimotor control, with the aim of demonstrating adaptive and modular control based on acquired competences, with a higher degree of flexibility and generality than conventional robotic controllers, while preserving their robustness. To this purpose, a set of object-dependent, visually guided reach-and-grasp tasks and the associated training phases were first implemented in a multi-network control architecture in simulation. Subsequently, the offline learning realized in simulation was used to produce the input command of reach-and-grasp to the low-level position control of the robotic platform. Experimental trials demonstrated that the adaptive and modular high-level control allowed reaching and grasping of objects located at different positions and objects of variable size, shape and orientation. A future goal would be to address autonomous and progressive learning based on growing competences.     

Realization of task-based designs involving DH parameters: a modular approach

Task-based designs—proven to be successful for constrained environments—may face challenges at prototype development phase. To assist in generalized design and development of task-based serial manipulators for cluttered environments, a parameters-based modular approach is proposed. First, a task-based design strategy for serial manipulators is exhibited, using all the robotic parameters (DH parameters) as variables. The flexibility in robotic parameters enhances the possibility of good designs even for highly cluttered workspaces, but the realization of the resulting complicated designs is challenging. This work is an attempt to develop modular manipulators in correspondence to the task-based designs. The DH parameters-based proposed link modules, with reconfigurable architecture, can be adjusted and assembled to acquire the serial manipulators with designed robotic parameters. To validate the concept, some standardized 3R-configurations have been modelled using the proposed link modules. Case studies are presented on task-based design of robotic manipulators, with six and eight degrees of freedom, for service applications in realistic environments. The selected case studies include the robot design processes for applications of cleaning solar panels, and for the maintenance of the nuclear plants.     

Development of a system for robotic deburring

Relatively crude robotic deburring has been accomplished through the detailed programming of the edge contour and the provision of significant passive compliance to compensate for positional errors. In precision deburring, the uncertainties in edge position relative to the tool location may be too great to allow a sufficiently uniform chamfer to be obtained using passive compliance alone. In addition, the costs associated with the detailed path programming can represent a significant fraction of the cost of deburring. This paper discusses the development of a robotic deburring system which provides for simultaneous edge following and force control. An AdeptOne robotic manipulator has been interfaced with an instrumented remote center of compliance manipulator to provide a system which tracks an edge at a controlled force level which can be specified by the operator.     

Simulation in robotics

Simulation has been recognized as an important research tool since the beginning of the 20th century. However, the “good times” for simulation started with the development of computers and now the simulation is a powerful visualization, planning, and strategic tool in different areas of research and development. The simulation has also a very important role in robotics. Different tools are used for the analysis of kinematics and dynamics of robotic manipulators, for off-line programming, to design different control algorithms, to design mechanical structure of robots, to design robotic cells and production lines, etc.     

一种欠驱动水下机器人手爪的作业能力研究

在分析当前机器人手爪研究现状的基础上,根据水下作业任务特点,确定了作业型水下机器人多传感器手爪的设计需求,研究了水下手爪原理样机的作业能力,结合典型物体的抓取给出了关键参数关系.该样机可满足在指定环境下进行目标识别、抓取、简单装配、搬运等典型操作任务的要求,为操作型水下机器人多传感器手爪感知系统的研究提供了硬件平台.     

A cognitive framework for imitation learning

In order to have a robotic system able to effectively learn by imitation, and not merely reproduce the movements of a human teacher, the system should have the capabilities of deeply understanding the perceived actions to be imitated. This paper deals with the development of cognitive architecture for learning by imitation in which a rich conceptual representation of the observed actions is built. The purpose of the following discussion is to show how this Conceptual Area can be employed to efficiently organize perceptual data, to learn movement primitives from human demonstration and to generate complex actions by combining and sequencing simpler ones. The proposed architecture has been tested on a robotic system composed of a PUMA 200 industrial manipulator and an anthropomorphic robotic hand.