基于协同防御的水下拦截组合制导

根据我方舰艇、水下拦截器和来袭目标的作战特性,提出一种舰艇与水下拦截器协同对抗来袭目标的组合制导策略。该策略在三方运动关系基础上,得出视线制导的相互约束关系,将优化控制与海战博弈相结合,建立协同防御微分对策模型;根据水下拦截器的反馈控制回路,采用伴随原理求解终端问题的方法,进行具有协同特性的最优导引与微分对策制导律设计。对两种拦截制导效果进行性能比较,表明基于协同防御的最优导引与微分对策制导组合制导控制系统对水下拦截器的机动性能要求低,能有效完成拦截,具有较强的鲁棒性。     

汽车电子节气门系统自适应固定时间预设性能控制

针对汽车电子节气门系统对暂稳态性能的较高要求以及系统固有的非线性和参数不确定性特性, 将预设性能控制策略与固定时间稳定性理论相结合, 应用自适应技术对系统参数的在线调节能力, 提出了一种自适应固定时间预设性能控制策略. 通过固定时间收敛理论与改进的预设性能函数设定及控制参数的实时调节, 保障了闭环控制系统对节气门开度任意参考信号的高性能位置跟踪及对运行过程中参数变化和负载扰动的鲁棒性. 控制器的有效性和优势通过MATLAB/Simulink仿真和基于dSPACE的硬件在环实验平台的实验得到验证.     

Robust attitude tracking for rigid spacecraft with prescribed transient performance

This paper investigates the prescribed performance attitude tracking control problem of a rigid spacecraft with uncertain dynamics and bounded disturbances. By suitable selection of the configuration error function, the trajectory tracking problem on SO(3) is transformed into a point stabilisation problem of an error dynamic system in the associated Lie algebra. The predefined transient performance indexes, which include the maximum steady-state error and overshoot, and the minimum convergence rate of the attitude error vector, are characterised as the inequality constraints. For the tracking controller design, the error transformation technique is utilised to transform the attitude error dynamics with inequality constraints to an equivalent ‘unconstrained’ error one. Then, a coordinate-free robust tracking controller is designed for the ‘unconstrained’ error dynamics to solve the prescribed performance attitude tracking control problem. A rigorous mathematical stability proof is given. Finally, numerical simulations are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed controller.     

Improved prescribed performance control for nonaffine pure‐feedback systems with input saturation

This work considers an input and output constraint control problem for pure‐feedback systems with nonaffine functions possibly being in‐differentiable. A locally semibounded and continuous condition for nonaffine functions is presented to guarantee the controllability, and the nonaffine system is transformed to an equivalent pseudoaffine one based on the mild condition. Combined with backstepping technique, a novel prescribed performance controller with new performance functions is constructed to circumvent high frequency chattering in control input. An auxiliary system with bounded compensation term is utilized in this paper, successfully avoiding the overrun of control input. The methodology achieves the desired transient and steady‐state performance and presents excellent robustness against the system uncertainty. Finally, two numerical simulations are performed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.     

挠性结构的输出反馈低阶自适应控制

在模型参考自适应方法的框架上,研究了挠性空间结构的输出反馈鲁棒自适应控制方 法,对其稳定性与动态性能进行了理论分析,该方法通过在标准控制律中增加控制补偿项,利用 挠性结构的特点,将所能容许的乘性模型不确定性的H∞范数提高到接近1的程度,控制系统 的动态性能可由控制器的设计参数调节.对该方法进行了数值实验验证.     

Adaptive non-singular fast terminal sliding mode based on prescribed performance for robot manipulators

A fast convergent non-singular terminal sliding mode adaptive control law based on prescribed performance is formulated to solve the uncertainties and external disturbances of robot manipulators. First, the tracking error of robot manipulators is transformed by using the prescribed performance function, which improves the transient behaviors and steady-state accuracy of robot manipulators. Then, a novel fast convergent non-singular terminal sliding mode surface is brought up according to the transformed error, and the control law is derived to meet the stability requirements of robot manipulators. In practice, the upper boundary of the lumped disturbances cannot be accurately obtained. Therefore, an adaptive prescribed performance control (PPC) controller to lumped disturbances is brought up to ensure the stability and finite-time convergence of robot manipulators. Finally, the system stability of robot manipulators is proved by the Lyapunov theorem. Simulation results and comparative analysis demonstrate the superiority and robustness of the raised strategy.     

Synchronization and tracking control for multi‐motor driving servo systems with backlash and friction

This paper presents a novel switching controller incorporated with backlash and friction compensations, which is utilized to achieve speed synchronization among multi‐motor and load position tracking. The proposed controller consists of two parts: synchronization and tracking control in contact mode and robust control in backlash mode, where a function characterizing whether backlash occurs is used for switching between two modes. Using the proposed switching controller, several control objectives are achieved. Firstly, the coupling problem of speed synchronization and load tracking in contact mode is addressed by introducing a switching plane. Secondly, based on the switching plane, an improved prescribed performance function is introduced to attain load tracking with prescribed performances, and L_∞ performance of speed synchronization is guaranteed by initialization method, maintaining the transient performance of synchronization behavior. Thirdly, the lumped uncertain nonlinearity including friction and other uncertain functions is compensated by Chebyshev neural network in contact mode. Furthermore, a robust control is adopted in backlash mode to make system traverse backlash at an exponential rate and simultaneously eliminate low‐speed crawling phenomenon of LuGre friction. Finally, comparative simulations on four‐motor driving servo system are provided to verify the effectiveness and reliability. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

永磁同步电机有限时间预设性能控制

为实现扰动作用下对永磁同步电机角位置伺服系统的高瞬态和稳态跟踪性能控制,本文提出一种具有预设性能约束的有限时间控制方法.首先,设计扰动观测器实现对负载力矩扰动的估计与补偿.其次,引入有限时间预设性能函数以保证角跟踪误差的动态性能,并通过可逆变换将受不等式约束的角位置跟踪误差转换为等效的无约束误差形式.然后,将有限时间指令滤波反步法应用于控制器设计中,不仅可以避免“微分爆炸”的现象,而且能够保证跟踪误差的有限时间内收敛.最后,通过仿真实验验证了该算法的有效性和对扰动的鲁棒性.     

Robust approximation-free prescribed performance control for nonlinear systems and its application

This paper presents a robust prescribed performance control approach and its application to nonlinear tail-controlled missile systems with unknown dynamics and uncertainties. The idea of prescribed performance function (PPF) is incorporated into the control design, such that both the steady-state and transient control performance can be strictly guaranteed. Unlike conventional PPF-based control methods, we further tailor a recently proposed systematic control design procedure (i.e. approximation-free control) using the transformed tracking error dynamics, which provides a proportional-like control action. Hence, the function approximators (e.g. neural networks, fuzzy systems) that are widely used to address the unknown nonlinearities in the nonlinear control designs are not needed. The proposed control design leads to a robust yet simplified function approximation-free control for nonlinear systems. The closed-loop system stability and the control error convergence are all rigorously proved. Finally, comparative simulations are conducted based on nonlinear missile systems to validate the improved response and the robustness of the proposed control method.     

Actuator fault‐tolerant control (FTC) design with post‐fault transient improvement for application to aircraft control

A robust fault‐tolerant control scheme is proposed for uncertain nonlinear systems with zero dynamics, affected by actuator faults and lock‐in‐place and float failures. The proposed controller utilizes an adaptive second‐order sliding mode strategy integrated with the backstepping procedure, retaining the benefits of both the methodologies. A Lyapunov stability analysis has been conducted, which unfolds the advantages offered by the proposed methodology in the presence of inherent modeling errors and strong eventualities of faults and failures. Two modified adaptive laws have been formulated, to approximate the bounds of uncertainties due to modeling and to estimate the fault‐induced parametric uncertainties. The proposed scheme ensures robustness towards linearly parameterized mismatched uncertainties, in addition to parametric and nonparametric matched perturbations. The proposed controller has been shown to yield an improved post‐fault transient performance without any additional expense in the control energy spent. The proposed scheme is applied to the pitch control problem of a nonlinear longitudinal model of Boeing 747‐100/200 aircraft. Simulation results support theoretical propositions and confirm that the proposed controller produces superior post‐fault transient performance compared with already existing approaches designed for similar applications. Besides, the asymptotic stability of the overall controlled system is also established in the event of such faults and failures. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

无人艇轨迹跟踪的预设性能抗扰控制研究

针对海洋环境干扰下的无人艇轨迹跟踪问题,提出一种预设性能轨迹跟踪抗扰控制方法。首先,该方法通过引入具有约束作用的性能函数设计预设性能反演控制器。同时采用干扰观测器精确补偿外界未知扰动,并引入带σ修正漏项自适应律对海洋环境干扰的界进行估计,实现了无人艇轨迹跟踪抗扰控制,且同时保证其暂态性能和稳态性能。然后根据李雅普诺夫稳...     

Disturbance observer-based fixed-time prescribed performance tracking control for robotic manipulator

ABSTRACT

This paper investigates the fixed-time prescribed performance tracking control for the n-DOF uncertain manipulator. First, a novel Barrier Lyapunov Function (BLF) is proposed to guarantee the prescribed performance for the manipulator tracking error. Then, we introduce a disturbance observer to estimate the system uncertainty and disturbance accurately in a predefined time. Next, a composite controller based on the nonsingular fast integral terminal sliding mode is constructed. It is strictly proved that the closed-loop system is stable in fixed-time, which is independent of the initial conditions. Moreover, both transient and steady-state performances of the outputs can be preserved. Finally, numerical simulations and experimental studies are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methods.     

基于“标准-3”动能拦截弹的顺轨拦截方法研究

提出了针对大气层外机动目标的顺轨拦截方法,能够大幅度降低目标与拦截器之间的相对速度,缓和拦截器的过载需求,避免脱靶现象。采用“标准-3”拦截弹的公开参数建立数学模型,对大气层外机动弹头的顺轨拦截过程进行了仿真研究,仿真综合考虑了助推器和拦截器的质量变化、末制导初始对准误差、导引头的测量误差和盲区、动力学系统的响应延迟和过载约束。结果表明,在处于速度劣势的情况下,拦截器能够对机动目标进行精准碰撞,验证了顺轨拦截方法的工程实践意义。     

基于模糊滑模方法的双舵控制导弹制导控制一体化

针对单舵控制导弹舵角在大攻角下易饱和的问题, 提出一种适用于双舵控制导弹的制导控制一体化模糊滑模方法. 分析具有鸭舵/尾舵结构导弹动力学特性, 建立制导控制一体化模型, 利用双滑模变结构控制方法, 分别选取零控脱靶量和控制相关量作为滑动模态, 前者保证脱靶量趋于零, 后者提供阻尼响应, 将制导律嵌入在控制器的设计之中. 为了克服滑模抖振问题, 利用指数趋近率方法设计控制器, 并将模糊环节加入控制器中. 最后, 对拦截蛇形机动目标的过程进行仿真, 仿真结果验证了所提出方法的有效性.

     

Adaptive synchronisation of unknown nonlinear networked systems with prescribed performance

This paper proposes an adaptive tracking control with prescribed performance function for distributive cooperative control of highly nonlinear multi-agent systems. The use of such approach confines the tracking error within a large predefined set to a predefined smaller set. The key idea is to transform the constrained system into unconstrained one through the transformation of the output error. Agents’ dynamics are assumed unknown, and the controller is developed for a strongly connected structured network. The proposed controller allows all agents to follow the trajectory of the leader node, while satisfying the necessary dynamic requirements. The proposed approach guarantees uniform ultimate boundedness for the transformed error as well as a bounded adaptive estimate of the unknown parameters and dynamics. Simulations include two examples to validate the robustness and smoothness of the proposed controller against highly nonlinear heterogeneous multi-agent system with uncertain time-variant parameters and external disturbances.     

基于未知系统动态估计的机器人预设性能控制

针对含有未知系统动态和外部干扰的机器人系统,提出一种不依赖于函数逼近器且能保证瞬态和稳态性能的控制算法.设计未知系统动态估计器可重构机器人系统的未知动态(向心力、重力)和外部干扰,与其他方法相比,该估计器结构简单,只需调节一个参数,且引入滤波操作可避免使用加速度信号,有利于在实际机器人控制中的运用.控制器设计中引入描述收敛速率、最大超调量和稳态误差的预设性能函数,使机器人系统跟踪误差限制在预先规定边界内,保证机器人系统的性能和安全性.通过李雅普诺夫稳定性理论证明闭环系统的稳定性,并通过数值仿真和实验结果验证所提出方法的有效性.     

Improving transient performance of adaptive control architectures using frequency-limited system error dynamics

Although adaptive control theory offers mathematical tools to achieve system performance without excessive reliance on dynamical system models, its applications to safety-critical systems can be limited due to poor transient performance and robustness. In this paper, we develop an adaptive control architecture to achieve stabilisation and command following of uncertain dynamical systems with improved transient performance. Our framework consists of a new reference system and an adaptive controller. The proposed reference system captures a desired closed-loop dynamical system behaviour modified by a mismatch term representing the high-frequency content between the uncertain dynamical system and this reference system, i.e., the system error. In particular, this mismatch term allows the frequency content of the system error dynamics to be limited, which is used to drive the adaptive controller. It is shown that this key feature of our framework yields fast adaptation without incurring high-frequency oscillations in the transient performance. We further show the effects of design parameters on the system performance, analyse closeness of the uncertain dynamical system to the unmodified (ideal) reference system, discuss robustness of the proposed approach with respect to time-varying uncertainties and disturbances, and make connections to gradient minimisation and classical control theory. A numerical example is provided to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed architecture.     

Terminal angle constrained time-varying sliding mode guidance law with autopilot dynamics and input saturation

To intercept the maneuvering target at a desired terminal angle, this paper presents a time-varying sliding mode guidance law with consideration of the second-order autopilot dynamics and input saturation. To achieve the finite-time interception and satisfactory overload characteristics, a time-varying sliding mode guidance law is developed, which enables the line-of-sight (LOS) angle error to converge into a small neighborhood of the origin at the interception time. An auxiliary system is constructed to reduce the adverse effect generated from the input saturation. Moreover, with the aid of extended state observers, the proposed guidance law requires no information on the target acceleration and the acceleration derivative of the interceptor. The performance of this guidance law is verified via the numerical simulations.     

Prescribed performance adaptive neural tracking control for strict-feedback Markovian jump nonlinear systems with time-varying delay

A prescribed performance adaptive neural tracking control problem is investigated for strict-feedback Markovian jump nonlinear systems with time-varying delay. First, a new prescribed performance constraint variable is proposed to generate the virtual control that forces the tracking error to fall within prescribed boundaries. Combining with the approximation capability of neural networks and backstepping design, the adaptive tracking controller is designed. The designed controller is independent on time delay by constructing appropriate Lyapunov functions to offset the unknown time-varying delays. It is proved that the closed-loop system is uniformly ultimately bounded in probability, and that both steady-state and transient-state performances are guaranteed. Finally, simulation results are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.     

发电机的非线性自适应逆推综合控制

发电机励磁和汽门系统是一个典型的多变量、非线性、强耦合、不确定复杂系统,其综合控制将会改善电力系统稳定性和动态品质,所以设计简单、有效的综合控制器既必要又困难.针对单机无穷大励磁与汽门系统,运用自适应逆推方法和系统的Lyapunov函数,获得了发电机的非线性综合控制器和参数替换律,文中给出了该控制器的具体设计步骤.由于在控制器设计中没有运用任何线性化方法,因而所得控制器充分利用了系统的非线性特性;同时考虑了发电机阻尼系数的不确定性,使得控制器对系统参数的变化具有很强的鲁棒性.数字仿真结果表明,所设计的控制器具有鲁棒性,并可有效地提高电力系统的稳定性.