基于颜色和边缘方向的图像检索方法

提出了一种新的图像特征表示方法,首先提取图像的底层颜色信息获取颜色特征值 ,通过对图像中物体的边缘检测计算像素点的边缘方向角度值,并对颜色特征值和边缘方向 角度值进行量化。然后根据相邻像素点之间量化结果的数值分析,为每个像素点建立8维特 征向量。再以中心像素点与相邻像素点间不同的位置关系为基础,为每种位置关系赋予不同 的权重,根据像素点的特征向量计算出图像中每一个像素点的特征值。最后统计图像中具有 相同特征值的像素点个数,形成特征直方图,以此作为图像检索的依据。实验表明本文方法 能够有效描述图像的颜色分布和图像中物体的空间结构,更加细致地记录图像信息,进一步 增强图像之间的区分能力。与其他方法相比,本文方法检索效果更好。     

Color Image Segmentation for Multimedia Applications

Image segmentation is crucial for multimedia applications. Multimedia databases utilize segmentation for the storage and indexing of images and video. Image segmentation is used for object tracking in the new MPEG-7 video compression standard. It is also used in video conferencing for compression and coding purposes. These are only some of the multimedia applications in image segmentation. It is usually the first task of any image analysis process, and thus, subsequent tasks rely heavily on the quality of segmentation. The proposed method of color image segmentation is very effective in segmenting a multimedia-type image into regions. Pixels are first classified as either chromatic or achromatic depending on their HSI color values. Next, a seed determination algorithm finds seed pixels that are in the center of regions. These seed pixels are used in the region growing step to grow regions by comparing these seed pixels to neighboring pixels using the cylindrical distance metric. Merging regions that are similar in color is a final means used for segmenting the image into even smaller regions.     

基于矢量量化和区域生长的彩色图像分割新算法

针对光照变化和阴影对图像分割的不利影响问题,提出了一种基于矢量量化和区域生长的彩色图像分割新算法。该算法不仅考虑了彩色图像的颜色信息,而且也考虑了彩色图像的空间信息。该算法首先利用一种修改的GLA算法对彩色图像进行量化,并根据彩色图像量化的结果选取种子像素;然后基于矢量角相似性准则,并结合像素空间邻接信息,对每一个种子像素进行区域生长;最后利用模糊C-M eans算法来对未能归类的剩余像素进行分类。实验表明,该算法不仅可以在很大程度上克服光照变化及阴影对图像分割的不利影响,而且分割结果与人的主观视觉感知具有良好的一致性。     

彩色地图分色算法及其实现

研究一种新的彩色地图图像分色算法,该算法首先将彩色图像通过非线性变换,转换到孟塞尔颜色空间,再进行色彩学习。算法的特点是利用了图像的空间相关信息,可使分色结果得到局部优化,取得较为理想的效果,且降低了运算量。     

GPU-based fast hyperspectral image classification using joint sparse representation with spectral consistency constraint

Due to the fact that neighboring hyperspectral pixels often belong to the same class with high probability, spatial correlation between pixels has been widely used in hyperspectral image classification. In this paper, a novel joint sparse representation classifier with spectral consistency constraint (JSRC-SCC) is proposed. Specifically, to efficiently exploit contextual structure information, a local adaptive weighted average value is reallocated as the central pixel of a window through spatial filtering, and then, representation coefficients are estimated by the joint sparse representation model, which is imposed by the spectral consistency constraint under \(\textit{l}_1\)-minimization. For the purpose of fast classification, graphics processing units are adopted to accelerate this model. Experimental results on two classical hyperspectral image data sets demonstrate the proposed method can not only produce satisfying classification performance, but also shorten the computational time significantly.     

局部自适应的灰度图像彩色化

目的 现有的灰度图像彩色化方法为了保证彩色化结果在颜色空间上的一致性,往往采用全局优化的算法,使得图像边界区域易产生过渡平滑现象。为此提出一种局部自适应的灰度图像彩色化方法,在迁移过程中考虑局部邻域像素信息,同时自动调节邻域像素权重,在颜色正确迁移的同时保证清晰的边界信息。方法 首先结合SVM（support vector machine）和ISLIC（improved simple linear iterative clustering）算法获取彩色图像和灰度图像分类结果图;然后在分类基础上,确定灰度图像高置信度像素点,并根据图像纹理特征,在彩色图像中寻找灰度图像的像素匹配点;最后利用自适应权重均值滤波实现高置信度匹配像素点的颜色迁移,并利用迁移结果对低置信度像素点进行颜色扩散,以完成灰度图像彩色化。结果 实验结果显示,本文方法获得的彩色化迁移结果评分均高于3.5分,特别是局部放大区域评价结果均接近或高于4.0分,高于其他现有彩色化方法评价分数。表明本文方法不仅能够保证颜色迁移的准确性和颜色空间的一致性,同时也能获取颜色区分度高的边界细节信息。与现有的典型灰度图像彩色化方法相比,彩色化结果图在颜色迁移的正确性和抑制边界区域颜色的过渡平滑上都有更优的表现。结论 本文算法为灰度图像彩色化过程中抑制颜色越界问题提供了新的指导方法,能有效地应用于遥感、黑白图像/视频处理、医学图像着色等领域。     

Combining Active and Semi-Supervised Learning for Video Compression

Video compression algorithms manipulate video signals to dramatically reduce the storage and bandwidth required while maximizing perceived video quality. Typical video compression methods include discrete cosine transform, vector quantization, fractal compression, and discrete wavelet transform. Recently, a machine learning based approach has been proposed which converts the color images (frames) to gray scale images (frames) and the color information for only a few representative pixels is kept. A learning model is then trained to predict the color values for the gray scale pixels across frames. Selecting the most representative pixels is essentially an active learning problem, while colorization is a semi-supervised learning problem. In this paper, we propose to combine active and semi-supervised learning for video compression. The basic idea is to minimize the size of the covariance matrix of the regularized least squares estimates, in which the regression model assumes that each pixel can be reconstructed by the other pixels with similar spatial location and intensity value. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach for video compression.     

一种融合颜色和空间信息的彩色图像分割算法

提出了一种基于图像颜色和空间信息的彩色图像分割算法.该算法首先根据所提出的颜色粗糙度概念对图像进行颜色量化,并在此基础上使用增量式的区域生长算法发现颜色相近的像素之间的空间连通性,形成图像的初始分割区域.然后,根据融合了颜色和空间信息的区域距离,对初始分割区域进行分级合并,直到系统满足了所提出的停止区域合并的准则.最后,利用形态学的有关算法对分割区域的边缘进行平滑.实验证明,算法的分割结果与人的主观视觉感知具有良好的一致性.     

基于空间特征的图像检索

提出一种新的基于空间特征的图像特征描述子SCH,利用基于颜色向量角和欧几里得距离的MCVAE算法共同检测原始彩色图像边缘,同时利用一种新的“最大最小分量颜色不变量模型”对原始图像量化,对边缘像素建立边缘相关矩阵;对非边缘像素使用颜色直方图描述局部颜色分布信息;然后,利用新的sin相似性度量法则衡量图像特征间的相似度。实验采用VC++6.0开发了基于内容的图像检索原型系统“SttImageRetrieval”,基于Oracle 9i数据库建立了一个综合型图像数据库“IMAGEDB”。实验分析结果证明,利用SCH描述子的检索准确度明显高于仅基于颜色统计特征的检索结果。     

Combining color and spatial information for object recognition across illumination changes

One of the most widely used approaches in the context of object recognition across illumination changes consists in comparing the images by means of the intersection between invariant histograms. However, this approach does not provide satisfying results with limited image databases. We propose to cope with the problem of illumination changes by analyzing simultaneously the color components of the pixels and their spatial arrangement in the image. For this purpose, we introduce the chromatic co-occurrence matrices to characterize the relationship between the color component levels of neighboring pixels. In order to compare two images acquired under different illuminations, these matrices are transformed into adapted co-occurrence matrices that are determined so that their intersection is higher when the two images contain the same object lit with different illuminations than when they contain different objects.     

遥感彩色影像镶嵌拼接缝的消除方法研究

对遥感影像拼接缝消除方法存在的问题进行了分析,提出了基于色度空间变换和动态宽度的遥感彩色图像拼接缝消除新方法。在HLS色彩空间,从色度、亮度和饱和度三个方面对拼接缝两侧像元值差异进行消除后,再转换为RGB彩色图像,并用4幅彩红外航空遥感图像进行了试验。研究结果表明,所提出的方法对于遥感彩色图像拼接缝消除具有较好的效果,算法简单、易于实现。     

Approximating Content-Based Object-Level Image Retrieval

Object-level image retrieval is an active area of research. Given an image, a human observer does not see random dots of colors. Rather, he/she observes familiar objects in the image. Therefore, to make image retrieval more user-friendly and more effective and efficient, object-level image retrieval technique is necessary. Unfortunately, images today are mostly represented as 2D arrays of pixels values. The object-level semantics of the images are not captured. Researchers try to overcome this problem by attempting to deduce the object-level semantics through additional information such as the motion vectors in the case of video clips. Some success stories have been reported. However, deducing object-level semantics from still images is still a difficult problem. In this paper, we propose a color-spatial approach to approximate object-level image retrieval. The color and spatial information of the principle components of an object are estimated. The technique involves three steps: the selection of the principle component colors, the analysis of spatial information of the selected colors, and the retrieval process based on the color-spatial information. Two color histograms are used to aid in the process of color selection. After deriving the set of representative colors, spatial knowledge of the selected colors is obtained using a maximum entropy discretization with event covering method. A retrieval process is formulated to make use of the spatial knowledge for retrieving relevant images. A prototype image retrieval tool has been implemented on the Unix system. It is tested on two image database consisting of 260 images and 11,111 images respectively. The results show that the color-spatial approach is able to retrieve similar objects with much better precision than the sole color-based retrieval methods.     

Pyramid Multi‐View Stereo with Local Consistency

In this paper, we propose a PatchMatch‐based Multi‐View Stereo (MVS) algorithm which can efficiently estimate geometry for the textureless area. Conventional PatchMatch‐based MVS algorithms estimate depth and normal hypotheses mainly by optimizing photometric consistency metrics between patch in the reference image and its projection on other images. The photometric consistency works well in textured regions but can not discriminate textureless regions, which makes geometry estimation for textureless regions hard work. To address this issue, we introduce the local consistency. Based on the assumption that neighboring pixels with similar colors likely belong to the same surface and share approximate depth‐normal values, local consistency guides the depth and normal estimation with geometry from neighboring pixels with similar colors. To fasten the convergence of pixelwise local consistency across the image, we further introduce a pyramid architecture similar to previous work which can also provide coarse estimation at upper levels. We validate the effectiveness of our method on the ETH3D benchmark and Tanks and Temples benchmark. Results show that our method outperforms the state‐of‐the‐art.     

基于内容的图像染色方法

利用彩色图像对灰度图像进行染色时,色源图像质量的优劣是染色成功的关键.为此,提出基于纹理和颜色特征的图像染色方法.提取图像视觉内容特征中的纹理和色彩作为索引,计算色源图像与灰度图像的纹理相似度.搜索内容与灰度图像相近的色源图像,以提高染色的成功率.提取色源图像的颜色特征进行像素采样,以增强染色效果.实验结果表明,该方法的染色成功率较高,染色效果较好.     

Unsupervised segmentation of color-texture regions in images andvideo

A method for unsupervised segmentation of color-texture regions in images and video is presented. This method, which we refer to as JSEG, consists of two independent steps: color quantization and spatial segmentation. In the first step, colors in the image are quantized to several representative classes that can be used to differentiate regions in the image. The image pixels are then replaced by their corresponding color class labels, thus forming a class-map of the image. The focus of this work is on spatial segmentation, where a criterion for “good” segmentation using the class-map is proposed. Applying the criterion to local windows in the class-map results in the “J-image,” in which high and low values correspond to possible boundaries and interiors of color-texture regions. A region growing method is then used to segment the image based on the multiscale J-images. A similar approach is applied to video sequences. An additional region tracking scheme is embedded into the region growing process to achieve consistent segmentation and tracking results, even for scenes with nonrigid object motion. Experiments show the robustness of the JSEG algorithm on real images and video     

基于支持向量机的图象插值及错误隐匿策略

如何对在有损网络环境中传输的视频进行错误隐匿是视频传输研究中的基本问题。支持向量机（SVM）是一种新兴的通用学习算法，是国际上机器学习领域新的热点。为了取得比现有方法更好的错误隐匿效果，提出了一种新的基于支持向量机回归估计的错误隐匿策略，首先建立了基于支持向量机回归估计的图像插值算法，并将其引入到错误隐匿问题中，然后用空域插值的方法达到错误隐匿的目的。实验结果表明，与目前采用的各种错误隐匿策略相比较，基于支持向量机的错误隐匿策略在错误隐匿效果和推广性能上都具有一定的优越性。     

基于颜色连通区域多特征融合的图像检索

颜色一致向量方法容易丢失图像内容的空间信息,针对该问题,提出一种新的图像检索方法。引入狭长度和标准差特征,设计改进的图像分块策略,给出离心距概念和距离比较公式。提取颜色连通区域的大小、狭长度和颜色特征,以及图像的像素个数、标准差和离心距特征,计算图像间内容的相似度。在Corel图像库上的实验结果表明,该方法能有效利用图像的空间分布信息,检索精度较高。     

一种基于空间直方图的Mean-Shift跟踪算法*

经典的Mean-Shift跟踪算法以颜色直方图为特征对目标进行跟踪。颜色直方图反映的是图像中颜色的组成情况,即出现了哪些颜色以及各种颜色出现的次数。颜色直方图具有旋转不变性、缩放不变性等优点,经常用于图像检索,即通过比较颜色直方图的差异来衡量两幅图像在颜色全局分布上的差异。但是颜色直方图不能反映颜色的空间分布特征,当跟踪目标与背景色颜色相近时可能造成错误跟踪,导致跟踪失败。考虑目标颜色空间分布特征,将空间分布信息融入颜色直方图中,提出了基于空间颜色直方图的Mean-Shift跟踪方法,全面地反映了颜色的整体分布信息和空间分布信息。在VC 6.0上利用新方法和经典Mean-Shift跟踪方法分别对发生遮挡的视频和快速运动的视频进行跟踪,实验结果表明,提出的新方法能够更好地对目标进行跟踪,避免跟踪过程中的目标丢失。     

局部颜色映射的彩色夜视算法

针对现有基于全局统计信息的彩色夜视算法不能较好保持图像目标色彩恒常性的不足,提出一种简单有效的局部自然彩色夜视算法。首先依据人类视觉系统的中心-环绕对抗结构生成伪彩色融合图像;按照不同颜色特征对伪彩色融合图像进行聚类,分割成不同颜色域,参考自然彩色图像中对应域为与融合图像对应位置像素集合;最后在简化Lab空间实现对应域间的局部颜色映射,将参考图像颜色特征传输至融合图像。实验结果表明,本文方法使得夜视图像获得如白天参考图像般自然、真实的效果,有利于提高场景辨识能力;方法执行速度快,便于实时处理。     

一种基于位平面综合特征的彩色图像检索方案

传统的基于颜色直方图的彩色图像检索方法存在严重不足.首先是丢失颜色空间分布信息及特征维数过高,更重要的是无法有效检索含噪声图像.为克服此缺陷,提出了一种基于位平面综合特征的彩色图像检索算法.首先,结合光照、锐化、模糊等噪声攻击特点,从原始彩色图像中提取出重要位平面;然后选取重要位平面的加权颜色直方图作为颜色特征,选取重要位平面的空间信息熵作为空间特征;再综合利用上述颜色、空间两个特征计算图像间内容的相似度,并进行彩色图像检索.仿真实验表明,算法能够准确和高效地查找出用户所需内容的彩色图像,并且具有较好的查准率和查全率(特别对于含噪声图像).