Gabor wavelet associative memory for face recognition

This letter describes a high-performance face recognition system by combining two recently proposed neural network models, namely Gabor wavelet network (GWN) and kernel associative memory (KAM), into a unified structure called Gabor wavelet associative memory (GWAM). GWAM has superior representation capability inherited from GWN and consequently demonstrates a much better recognition performance than KAM. Extensive experiments have been conducted to evaluate a GWAM-based recognition scheme using three popular face databases, i.e., FERET database, Olivetti-Oracle Research Lab (ORL) database and AR face database. The experimental results consistently show our scheme's superiority and demonstrate its very high-performance comparing favorably to some recent face recognition methods, achieving 99.3% and 100% accuracy, respectively, on the former two databases, exhibiting very robust performance on the last database against varying illumination conditions.     

压缩图像传输中基于小波-空间域联合估计的差错隐藏算法

基于小波域压缩的图像在传输发生错误时，会引起部分空间区域图像质量的下降。解决这一问题的传统方法是空间域插值或小波域估计。由于传统方法重构质量仍有待提高，为了获得质量更好的重构图像，提出了一种小波一空间域联合估计的差错隐藏算法。该算法首先对小波域低频系数进行简单的八邻域平均来得到初始重构图像；接着在空间域对核心受损区域进行基于块的匹配搜索，通过选择对已知正确小波系数影响最小的块作为匹配块来得到匹配图像；最后将经过滤波处理后的匹配图像变换到小波域，通过与小波域已知正确信息相融合来得到最终重构图像。仿真试验表明，在多数应用场合，该方法与简单的小波八邻域平均低频重构图像相比，客观质量峰值信噪比提高0．5—1dB左右，主观质量也有明显提高。     

图象小波域的水印嵌入方法

图象小波变换后获得的低频尺度子图携带了较多的信号能量，在这一分量上嵌入水印，可保证水印稳健性较好，也能提高图象对水印的容量，作者应用小波提升算法基础上获得的非线性小波变换方法来提高尺度小图系数的值，增强这些系数的感觉容量，实验结果表明使用这种方法可以获得稳健性更强制 小波水印嵌入算法。     

Pose Robust Low-resolution Face Recognition via Coupled Kernel-based Enhanced Discriminant Analysis

Most face recognition techniques have been successful in dealing with high-resolution (HR) frontal face images. However, real-world face recognition systems are often confronted with the low-resolution (LR) face images with pose and illumination variations. This is a very challenging issue, especially under the constraint of using only a single gallery image per person. To address the problem, we propose a novel approach called coupled kernel-based enhanced discriminant analysis (CKEDA). CKEDA aims to simultaneously project the features from LR non-frontal probe images and HR frontal gallery ones into a common space where discrimination property is maximized. There are four advantages of the proposed approach: 1) by using the appropriate kernel function, the data becomes linearly separable, which is beneficial for recognition; 2) inspired by linear discriminant analysis (LDA), we integrate multiple discriminant factors into our objective function to enhance the discrimination property; 3) we use the gallery extended trick to improve the recognition performance for a single gallery image per person problem; 4) our approach can address the problem of matching LR non-frontal probe images with HR frontal gallery images, which is difficult for most existing face recognition techniques. Experimental evaluation on the multi-PIE dataset signifies highly competitive performance of our algorithm.      

Model-Driven Domain Adaptation on Product Manifolds for Unconstrained Face Recognition

Many classification algorithms see a reduction in performance when tested on data with properties different from that used for training. This problem arises very naturally in face recognition where images corresponding to the source domain (gallery, training data) and the target domain (probe, testing data) are acquired under varying degree of factors such as illumination, expression, blur and alignment. In this paper, we account for the domain shift by deriving a latent subspace or domain, which jointly characterizes the multifactor variations using appropriate image formation models for each factor. We formulate the latent domain as a product of Grassmann manifolds based on the underlying geometry of the tensor space, and perform recognition across domain shift using statistics consistent with the tensor geometry. More specifically, given a face image from the source or target domain, we first synthesize multiple images of that subject under different illuminations, blur conditions and 2D perturbations to form a tensor representation of the face. The orthogonal matrices obtained from the decomposition of this tensor, where each matrix corresponds to a factor variation, are used to characterize the subject as a point on a product of Grassmann manifolds. For cases with only one image per subject in the source domain, the identity of target domain faces is estimated using the geodesic distance on product manifolds. When multiple images per subject are available, an extension of kernel discriminant analysis is developed using a novel kernel based on the projection metric on product spaces. Furthermore, a probabilistic approach to the problem of classifying image sets on product manifolds is introduced. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach through comprehensive evaluations on constrained and unconstrained face datasets, including still images and videos.     

基于小波分析和KPCA的人脸识别

本文探讨了基于核函数的主成分分析方法在人脸识别中的应用，首先对人脸进行haar小波分析，得到对应的人脸小波系数，再通过计算其内积核函数实现从低维空间到高维空间的非线性映射，对高维数据进行主成分分析得到用于分类的主成分，最后采用支持向量机进行分类，实验结果表明，该方法具有良好的分类性能和鲁俸性。     

融合小波变换与KPCA的分块人脸特征抽取与识别算法

鉴于小波多尺度变换对高维图像特征具有良好的压缩和表达能力,提出了一种融合小波变换与KPCA(核主成分分析)方法的分块人脸特征抽取与识别算法。该算法首先对人脸图像进行分块小波变换,再根据图像块的位置分布选取不同的频率分量;然后对此分量进行KPCA特征抽取,并通过对抽取到的特征进行融合来得到最终人脸鉴别特征;最后利用支持向量机分类器进行特征分类与识别。通过对ORL和Yale标准人脸图像库的实验仿真结果表明,该算法不仅在识别性能和分类速度上明显高于传统的PCA方法及融合小波特征的KPCA方法,而且对于人脸光照、姿态和表情变化均具有良好的鲁棒性。     

一种小波变换域彩色图像压缩编码方案

提出了一种基于人眼视觉特性与局部相关的小波域彩色图像编码方案．该方案以嵌入零树小波（EZW）编码思想为基础,通过建立可逆彩色空间变换,丢弃部分高频细节子带、单独编码最低频子带、高频子带自适应EZW编码及多关联预测算术编码等措施,实现彩色图像的自适应压缩编码．实验结果表明,文中算法具有较好的压缩效果和较强的通用性．     

Palmprint Recognition by Applying Wavelet-Based Kernel PCA

This paper presents a wavelet-based kernel Principal Component Analysis (PCA) method by integrating the Daubechies wavelet representation of palm images and the kernel PCA method for palmprint recognition. Kernel PCA is a technique for nonlinear dimension reduction of data with an underlying nonlinear spatial structure. The intensity values of the palmprint image are first normalized by using mean and standard deviation. The palmprint is then transformed into the wavelet domain to decompose palm images and the lowest resolution subband coeffcients are chosen for palm representation. The kernel PCA method is then applied to extract non-linear features from the subband coeffcients. Finally, similarity measurement is accomplished by using weighted Euclidean linear distance-based nearest neighbor classifier. Experimental results on PolyU Palmprint Databases demonstrate that the proposed approach achieves highly competitive performance with respect to the published palmprint recognition approaches.     

An RCE-based Associative Memory with Application to Human Face Recognition

Many models of neural network-based associative memory have been proposed and studied. However, most of these models do not have a rejection mechanism and hence are not practical for many real-world associative memory problems. For example, in human face recognition, we are given a database of face images and the identity of each image. Given an input image, the task is to associate when appropriate the image with the corresponding name of the person in the database. However, the input image may be that of a stranger. In this case, the system should reject the input. In this paper, we propose a practical associative memory model that has a rejection mechanism. The structure of the model is based on the restricted Coulomb energy (RCE) network. The capacity of the proposed memory is desibed by two measures: the ability of the system to correctly identify known individuals, and the ability of the system to reject individuals who are not in the database. Experimental results are given which show how the performance of the system varies as the size of the database increases up to 1000 individuals.     

融合小波与2D PCA的贝叶斯人脸识别

提出了融合小波和2DPCA进行贝叶斯人脸识别的方法。对原始图像采用小波分解后,利用2DPCA计算人脸的特征矢量空间。首先对低频子图进行贝叶斯人脸识别,然后对得分前五名的图像再次利用高频子图并行进行识别,通过加权排序得到最后结果。实验表明,与传统的方法相比较,该方法降低了运算量,提高了识别率。     

基于EHMM的人脸识别算法

人脸识别是对从视频图像中检测到的人脸区域进行身份的认证．是将待识别人脸与数据库中的人脸进行匹配的过程。将EHMM应用于人脸识别,提取人脸的DCT系数特征作为观察向量,用EHMM算法进行人脸模型训练和识别,并使用OpenCV对人脸识别算法进行功能仿真验证和相关探究,达到较好的人脸识别效果。实验结果表明,正常光照下,该算法的识别率在95％以上。     

基于整数小波变换和子带比特平面编码的图象压缩算法

在分析图象整数小波变换的基础上 ,提出了基于子带比特平面编码的压缩算法 .该算法将整数小波系数按子带分为若干比特平面 ,称之为子带比特平面 ,并采用简单高效的率失真优化算法确定子带比特平面的编码顺序 ,且这一顺序与图象无关 .按此顺序对子带比特平面进行自适应 MQ算术编码 ,便得到嵌入式压缩码流 .该算法可以从无损到有损 ,以任意倍率或质量进行图象压缩 ,压缩效率达到了浮点 EZW算法和 JPEG2 0 0 0整数小波编码方案的水平 ,而速度远快于这两者的速度 .该算法还具有复杂度低 ,占用内存少的优点 .     

基于Gabor小波变换与分块PCA的人脸识别

由于Gabor小波描述的人脸特征维数太高,直接将Gabor小波提取的特征进行识别时出现计算量大、实时性差的问题,提出了基于Gabor小波变换与分块主分量分析的人脸识别新算法。首先对人脸图像进行Gabor小波变换得到人脸图像特征,然后用分块主分量分析方法对其进行降维、提取特征向量,最后用最近邻分类器分类识别。在ORL和NUST603人脸库上进行实验,结果表明,该方法的识别率优于传统PCA、分块PCA、Gabor小波变换与PCA结合的方法。     

结合近似最优比特分配的改进SPIHT算法

SPIHT算法是一种实用、高效的小波零树图像编码算法。针对SPIHT算法存储空间需求大、运算复杂度较高等缺点，提出了一种改进的快速、低存储SPIHT算法，该算法将小波变换所形成的水平、垂直、对角和低频4个子带分成4个处理单元，对每个处理单元分别进行量化编码，并在各单元之间采取近似最优比特分配以提高量化性能。实验结果表明，改进算法在提高峰值信噪比等性能指标的同时，有效地减少了算法的存储需求及运算时间。     

基于Curvelet的人脸识别

人脸的主要特征是曲线信息,提出了一种基于Curvelet变换的人脸识别算法。Curvelet变换在表达图像的曲线奇异性时,比小波变换和脊波变换能获得更稀疏的图像表示。在人脸识别中,用人脸的曲波系数来提取特征能更好地反映人脸的主要特征,文中使用支持向量机进行了识别。结果表明该方法比小波方法更有效。     

基于小波分解和多分类支持向量机的脸谱识别

小波分解提取脸谱特征具有对表情变化不敏感的特点,支持向量机竹=为分类器具有很高的推广性能,无需先验知识,针对小波分解和支持向量机所具有的优点,提出了一种新的脸谱识别算法,在该算法中无需对洲练图像进行预处理,直接使用小波分解方法对脸谱图像进行特征提取,用所提取的脸谱特征向量组合成新的脸谱特征向链洲练多分类支持向量机模型,最后用训练好的支持向量机进行脸谱识别,在训练中分别采用了三种不同的核函数;使用ORL脸谱图像库对该算法进行了测试和评估,测试结果表明了该算法在识别性能方面的优越性。     

基于小波变换和引导滤波的多聚焦图像融合

为了进一步提高多聚焦图像融合效果，提出了一种基于小变换和引导滤波的多聚焦图像融合方法。对源图像进行二维小波分解，得到低频子带系数和高频子带系数。对低频子带系数采用引导滤波加权融合；对高频子带系数引入最大对称环绕显著性检测算法(Maximum Symmetric Surround Saliency Detection Algorithm,MSSS），归一化显著图得到权重图，进而进行加权融合。把得到的高频和低频子带系数进行小波重构，得到最终的融合图像。实验结果表明，与其他算法相比，所提算法具有更好的清晰度，得到较好的融合结果。     

基于Gabor小波变换和支持向量机的人脸识别

将Gabor小波变换和支持向量机分类方法结合起来进行人脸识别。通过由Gabor小波变换系数表示的若干个人脸模板和人脸图像之间的匹配来确定特征点的近似位置；在所有的特征点位置计算Gabor小波变换系数并将其串联成表示人脸图像的向量；采用一种层次分解的支持向量机二叉决策树进行分类识别。实验结果表明了该方法的可行性。     

Illumination robust single sample face recognition using multi-directional orthogonal gradient phase faces

Due to the limitation of the storage space in the real-world face recognition application systems, only one sample image per person is often stored in the system, which is the so-called single sample problem. Moreover, real-world illumination has impact on recognition performance. This paper presents an illumination robust single sample face recognition approach, which utilizes multi-directional orthogonal gradient phase faces to solve the above limitations. In the proposed approach, an illumination insensitive orthogonal gradient phase face is obtained by using two vertical directional gradient values of the original image. Multi-directional orthogonal gradient phase faces can be used to extend samples for single sample face recognition. Simulated experiments and comparisons on a subset of Yale B database, Yale database, a subset of PIE database and VALID face database show that the proposed approach is not only an outstanding method for single sample face recognition under illumination but also more effective when addressing illumination, expression, decoration, etc.