基于侧抑制原理的局部分数阶微分图像增强

针对目前分数阶微分在图像增强应用中没有充分根据图像区域特征体现侧抑制的方向性,提出从图像灰度变化的8个方向出发,即x轴的正负方向,y轴的正负方向,主对角线的正负方向,次对角线的正负方向,检测出灰度变化的主要方向,然后根据检测结果设计不同的非对称的分数阶滤波器对图像进行滤波.这样结合了图像本身的特征信息,能够达到更好的图像增强效果.仿真实验结果表明,改进后的分数阶微分滤波器对增强图像纹理细节具有很好的效果.     

自适应非整数步长的分数阶微分掩模的图像纹理增强算法

图像纹理增强是计算机图形学、计算机视觉和模式识别等领域里的一个重要问题.通过分析分数阶微分原理和纹理图像的特性,提出一种自适应非整数步长的分数阶微分掩模算法,并将其应用于纹理图像增强中.利用图像纹理间的高度自相关性自适应地构建局部不规则的自相关掩模区域,剔除相关性较低的像素并降低噪声干扰;同时,突破传统分数阶微分数值计算采用单位步长的思想,分析不规则掩模区域的臂长特征,自适应地估计非整数步长;最后建立局部线性模型实现对非整数步长处的像素灰度值的准确估计,提高分数阶微分数值解的逼近程度.实验结果表明,该算法能够提高分数阶微分解析值的精确度,有效地增强了图像平滑区域中的复杂纹理细节.     

基于分数阶微分的视网膜血管图像增强

从分数阶微分对图像纹理细节的增强能力出发,对分数阶微分的机理进行分析,根据分数阶微积分的G-L定义推导出的差分公式与向量合成定理构建了近似的16方向分数阶微分模板,并将其应用于视网膜血管图像增强中。实验结果表明,对于纹理细节信息丰富的视网膜血管图像而言,分数阶微分对灰度变化不大的平坦区域中的纹理细节信息的提取效果明显优于整数阶微分运算。     

基于Riemann-Liouville改进的1~2阶分数阶边缘提取新模型

针对数字图像的处理中采用整数步长与0~1阶分数阶微分的掩模算子未能精确定位边缘信息、缺少图像的纹理细节的问题,在Laplacian算子的基础上提出了一种新的边缘检测掩模算子。该算法从Riemann-Liouville(R-L)定义出发,推出1~2阶分数阶微分在中频信号的增强效果优于0~1阶分数阶微分并显著提升了高频信号,最终得到精确的检测效果。仿真结果表明:提出的算子能更好地提取边缘信息,尤其对灰度变化不大的平滑区域中纹理细节丰富的图像,该算子检测到的信息优于现有0~1阶微分算子,针对主观识别有更高的准确率;客观上采用扫描法的定位误差统计,该算子的综合定位误差率为7.41%,低于整数阶微分算子(最低为10.36%)与0~1阶微分算子(最低为9.97%),有效提高了边缘定位精度。该算子尤其适用于具有较高频信息的图像边缘检测中。     

基于分数阶微分的岩石裂隙图像增强

从分数阶微分对图像细微细节的增强能力出发,对分数阶微分的机理进行分析。将算子模板的非零权值平分到与常系数“1”距离相同的像素点中,利用周围像素点的自相关性,得到一种改进的分数阶微分算子模板。实验结果表明：对于纹理细节信息丰富的图像而言,分数阶微分对灰度变化不大的平坦区域中的纹理细节信息的提取效果明显优于整数阶微分运算。     

一种改进的双边滤波图像去噪算法

双边滤波亮度相似度因子仅受[σr]一个参数的约束,很难准确辨析图像平滑区域及细节丰富区域的纹理信息,不能较好地保留纹理细节信息。基于此,提出一种自适应分数阶微分与双边滤波相结合的图像去噪方法。在双边滤波算法的基础上,通过分析局部纹理特征,计算频率变化梯度和幅值变化特征,建立幅值频率非线性指数模型,自适应地选择每个像素点对应的分数阶阶次[v,]构建分数阶微分掩模算子。实验结果表明,改进的双边滤波算法能够在图像滤波的同时实现纹理细节地保留/增强,获得较好的滤波结果。     

基于分数阶微分的图像边缘检测算法

针对传统边缘检测算法对于图像边缘提取存在边缘缺失、不连续等问题,为提高边缘的完整性与连续性,提出一种基于分数阶微分的边缘检测算法.由G-L定义构造分数阶微分掩模算子,使用不同阶次的算子对高、低频图像分别进行边缘提取,然后将两部分边缘进行融合,最终得到连续完整的图像边缘.实验结果表明,该算法不仅提高了边缘信息的完整性,还保留了更多的纹理细节及获得了较好的抗噪性能.     

基于分数阶微分的超声斑点去噪

为了保留更多的纹理信息,构建了基于具有阻止扩散的梯度阈值k,和分数阶微分的阶数v平衡关系的分数偏微分方程的图像去噪模型,其有效结合了分数微积分理论和偏微分方程方法,并通过分数微分掩模算子实现了数值.超声体模信验和体内成像表明:基于分数阶微分的各向异性扩散方法可以提高组织的信噪比(SNR)和超声图像的质量.     

基于分数阶微分的图像增强模板

根据二维数字图像具有自相关性,为了充分利用邻近像素点的信息,推导出基于分数阶Riemann-Liouville定义的模板系数,构造了八个方向的分数阶图像增强模板;同时引进信息论中熵的概念对图像增强后的纹理保留效果进行定量分析。实验表明,提出的分数阶微分图像增强模板与传统方法相比具有更好的增强效果,并有效保留了图像的纹理细节信息,对纹理具有特殊需求的应用具有一定意义。     

数字图像的Riemann-Liouville分数阶微分增强方法

针对传统图像增强过程中存在丢失细节且容易出现欠增强或过增强的不足,提出一种基于RiemannLiouville分数阶微分的图像增强方法.该方法利用基本分数阶微积分的形式,根据数字图像的自相关性对RiemannLiouville分数阶微分中常数分数阶微分不为0的情况进行改进;定义了新的微分增强模板系数,构造了8个方向的分数阶微分卷积模板,并将其应用于图像增强.实验结果表明,文中方法在对图像高频信息进行提升的同时能够有效地提升图像的中低频信息,使得图像的纹理细节,特别是边缘信息更加突出,图像的清晰度及信息熵等图像质量指标有明显的提高,增强后图像的视觉效果良好.     

Fractional differential approach to detecting textural features of digital image and its fractional differential filter implementation

This paper mainly discusses fractional differential approach to detecting textural features of digital image and its fractional differential filter. Firstly, both the geo- metric meaning and the kinetic physical meaning of fractional differential are clearly explained in view of information theory and kinetics, respectively. Secondly, it puts forward and discusses the definitions and theories of fractional stationary point, fractional equilibrium coefficient, fractional stable coefficient, and fractional grayscale co-occurrence matrix. At the same time, it particularly discusses frac- tional grayscale co-occurrence matrix approach to detecting textural features of digital image. Thirdly, it discusses in detail the structures and parameters of nxn any order fractional differential mask on negative x-coordinate, positive x-coordi- nate, negative y-coordinate, positive y-coordinate, left downward diagonal, left upward diagonal, right downward diagonal, and right upward diagonal, respectively. Furthermore, it discusses the numerical implementation algorithms of fractional differential mask for digital image. Lastly, based on the above-mentioned discus- sion, it puts forward and discusses the theory and implementation of fractional differential filter for digital image. Experiments show that the fractional differential-based image operator has excellent feedback for enhancing the textural details of rich-grained digital images.     

A novel approach for multi-scale texture segmentation based on fractional differential

In this paper, we intend to implement multi-scale texture segmentation by fractional differential. We propose two fractional differential masks and present the structures and parameters of each mask, respectively, on eight directions. Moreover, by theoretical and experimental analysis, we find the better performance fractional differential mask. Finally, we further discuss the capability of fractional differential for multi-scale texture segmentation. Experiments show that, for rich-grained digital images, the capability for multi-scale texture segmentation by fractional differential-based approach appears efficient.     

Curve generation of implicit functions by incremental computers

The conventional numerical solution of an implicit function f(x, y) = 0 is substantially complicated for calculating by any computer. We propose a new method representing the argument of the implicit function as a unary function of a parameter, t, if the continuous and unique solution of f(x, y) = 0 exists. The total differential $\text{d}\text{f}\text{d}\text{t}$ constitutes simultaneous differential equations of which the solution about x and y is unique. The Newton-Raphson method must be used to calculate the values near singular points of an implicit function and then the sign of dt has to be decided according to four special cases. Incremental computers are suitable for curve generation of implicit functions by the new method, because the incremental computer can perform more complex algorithms than the analog computer and can calculate faster than the digital computer. This method is easily applicable to curve generation in three-dimensional space.     

基于局部特征的分数阶微分图像增强方法

一般情况下分数阶微分模板一经确定,再用其进行滤波时并不随图像的局部信息而变化,它不具有灵活性。针对分数阶微分模板滤波的这种局限性,提出了一种基于局部特征的分数阶微分图像增强的方法。在3×3对称分数阶微分模板的基础上找出与拉普拉斯模板的关系,从而得到加权的拉普拉斯模板表示的分数阶微分模板;根据图像的局部均值与标准差的关系对加权的拉普拉斯模板进一步改进,得到基于局部特征的分数阶微分图像增强的方法,它使分数阶图像增强模板能够根据局部特征灵活地进行滤波。将其与其他的图像增强算法比较,实验证明基于局部特征的分数阶微分图像增强算法能获得更好效果。     

The existence of positive solutions of singular fractional boundary value problems

We discuss the existence of positive solutions for the singular fractional boundary value problem D^αu+f(t,u,u^′,D^μu)=0, u(0)=0, u^′(0)=u^′(1)=0, where 2<α<3, 0<μ<1. Here D^α is the standard Riemann-Liouville fractional derivative of order α, f is a Carathéodory function and f(t,x,y,z) is singular at the value 0 of its arguments x,y,z.     

分数阶B样条小波域的图像变分去噪

分数阶B样条具有分数阶逼近,可以更好地刻画图像纹理部分。将分数阶B样条小波推广到二维领域,利用分数阶B样条小波进行图像阈值去噪,提出了分数阶B样条小波域图像去噪的变分模型。同传统小波函数与全变差结合模型比较,分数阶B样条小波在保持纹理和去噪方面得到了明显改进。     

A novel approach to the fast computation of Zernike moments

This paper presents a novel approach to the fast computation of Zernike moments from a digital image. Most existing fast methods for computing Zernike moments have focused on the reduction of the computational complexity of the Zernike 1-D radial polynomials by introducing their recurrence relations. Instead, in our proposed method, we focus on the reduction of the complexity of the computation of the 2-D Zernike basis functions. As Zernike basis functions have specific symmetry or anti-symmetry about the x-axis, the y-axis, the origin, and the straight line y=x, we can generate the Zernike basis functions by only computing one of their octants. As a result, the proposed method makes the computation time eight times faster than existing methods. The proposed method is applicable to the computation of an individual Zernike moment as well as a set of Zernike moments. In addition, when computing a series of Zernike moments, the proposed method can be used with one of the existing fast methods for computing Zernike radial polynomials. This paper also presents an accurate form of Zernike moments for a discrete image function. In the experiments, results show the accuracy of the form for computing discrete Zernike moments and confirm that the proposed method for the fast computation of Zernike moments is much more efficient than existing fast methods in most cases.     

基于PDEs的图像平滑数值方法

对基于PDEs的图像平滑技术进行了探讨,在对四阶模型u/t=-▽² [c（|▽²u|）▽²u] 解的分析基础上,给出一种求解该模型的数值方法,数值实验结果给出了良好的去噪效果。     

Increasing efficiency of alternating triangular method based on improved spectral estimates

A modified alternating triangular method is constructed for three-dimensional difference elliptic equations with the linear source function. Under the special restriction on the source function, the method requires $n_0 (\varepsilon ) \cong O\left( {{1 \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {1 {\sqrt[4]{{\left\| h \right\|}}}}} \right. \kern-0em} {\sqrt[4]{{\left\| h \right\|}}}}} \right)$ iterations. The improved estimate of the parameter is obtained for the alternating triangular method after the diagonal component of the matrix of the problem is considered separately, which helped reduce the number of iterations twice asymptotically. The improved spectral estimates and results of numerical experiments for the Dirichlet problem of the Poisson equation with the linear source function of the form q(x)u(x) and nonstationary heat conduction equation are given.