一种时间序列图像自动配准算法

提出了一种快速易行的时间序列图像自动配准算法：首先对两幅图像分别进行离散小波变换，然后对分解后的两幅低频网像计算联合直方图，最后采用改进的联合直方图区域计数方法来设计目标函数并进行配准参数优化。实验结果与对比分析表明：在基本不影响图像配准精度的情况下，算法大大加快了图像配准速度。     

基于特征的眼底图像配准方法

研究眼底图像的精确配准问题,眼底图像配准,需经仿射变换等.由于分辨率不高,达不到要求.针对传统基于跟底图像的血管分支和交叉点等配准方法的局限性,提出一种基于不变特征的眼底图像配准方法.在尺度不变特征变换( Scale Invariant Feature Transform,SIFT)的基础上,建立特征点对之间的初始匹配,并利用特征点的方向特征和空间几何特性去除误匹配.根据匹配特征进行层次估计,求解图像对间的变换关系矩阵,利用Akaike Information Criteria(AIC)模型选择技术判断变换关系矩阵的类型,再通过得到的变换关系对配准图像进行修正.实验结果表明,改进方法具有良好的配准效果,配准精度可以达到亚像素级要求.     

局部相位相关用于图像亚像素级配准技术研究

提出了一种基于局部相位相关的高效和鲁棒的亚像素级图像配准方法。通过传统的相位相关算法估计出初始平移参数后,在初始位置的引导下对互相关功率谱进行上采样矩阵Fourier变换,实现了图像局部相位相关,得到图像间亚像素级平移参数。实验结果表明,算法配准精度较高,且对随机噪声和光照变化具有较强的鲁棒性。     

基于加速鲁棒特征的眼底图像配准改进方法

为保证眼底图像配准精度,同时降低时间损耗,提出一种改进的基于加速鲁棒特征的眼底图像配准方法。该方法在提取眼底图像加速鲁棒特征的基础上,利用BBF算法和特征的方向特性和空间一致性检测得到初始匹配特征序列,并给出层次估计与模型选择技术相结合的方法,以求解图像之间的变换参数。通过进一步配准修正获得更好的变换参数。实验结果表明,该方法获得的配准精度均方根误差值均小于1,并能够在满足精度要求的同时提高效率。     

一种面向弱小目标检测的序列星图配准算法

对于星空观测CCD相机获得的序列图像,由于相机姿态的变化使得图像存在全局运动,空间目标的运动与背景恒星的运动混淆在一起,增加了空间目标检测的难度,为了有效地对空间弱小目标进行检测,提出了一种序列星图配准算法。首先,对图像进行预处理,包括成像传输通道不同导致的辐射不均匀性校正和空间杂散光辐射校正;然后,利用序列图像一一对应的高亮恒星星像质心作为特征点计算全局运动参数;最后,提出了一种基于星像质心坐标矩阵的星图配准算法,将星图转换为星像质心坐标矩阵的形式,利用全局运动参数对星像质心坐标矩阵进行处理,进行星图配准,同时对背景恒星进行滤除。算法能够有效地克服恒星和杂散光的干扰,而且在配准过程中将对星图的处理转化为对星像坐标矩阵的处理,省略了配准过程中的图像重采样与变换步骤,节约大量的运算时间,配准后的图像在对恒星背景进行滤除的同时,在一定程度上降低了弱小目标检测的难度。     

动态背景的序列图像中运动小目标检测算法

提出了一种动态背景下红外运动小目标的检测算法。该算法在连续四帧图像配准的基础上,对配准之后的图像序列进行沿时间轴的一维小波变换,实现目标和背景的分离。然后对主要包含运动目标信息的图像按像素相乘的方法得到目标增强图像,对其分割后提取运动小目标。实验结果表明,该方法能够有效的对红外慢速和快速运动的小目标进行检测。     

基于Radon变换与功率谱结合的心脏MR图像配准算法

针对心脏磁共振(MR)序列切片图像,设计了一种基于Radon变换和功率谱结合的图像配准算法。首先采用形态学边缘检测等图像预处理技术,提取出图像的边缘特征,并将其作为后续配准的输入;而后利用Radon变换和功率谱相结合的配准方法依次求出待配准图像的缩放、旋转和平移参数,利用这3个配准参数,即可通过配准变换得到配准结果。该方法解决了单纯利用Radon变换求解旋转参数易受图像空域噪声影响的问题,提高了配准的精度,同时大大减少了计算的花费。对100幅MR序列切片图像进行配准的实验表明,该方法能够稳定准确地实现MR序列图像的配准。     

基于FFT平移与相关分析的多尺度星载SAR自动配准

SAR图像配准是SAR图像应用,尤其是时间序列SAR图像应用的重要处理步骤之一。为实现重复星载SAR图像的快速、自动配准,通过将小波多尺度变换与快速傅立叶频谱变换相结合,实现了对星载SAR图像间初始偏移的快速估计,并在此基础上利用基于窗口的相关分析,实现了SAR图像的精确配准。选用星载ALOS-PALSAR和Radarsat-2影像作为试验数据,对提出的方法进行了实验分析。实验结果表明:该方法在无需任何先验知识的情况下,可以全自动完成重复轨道星载SAR数据的快速配准,且精度满足SAR干涉处理等时间序列SAR应用处理的需求,具有较强的鲁棒性。     

一种应用于图像配准中大尺度位移估计的改进光流法

本文介绍了一种改进的光流法来对图像进行配准. 其新颖之处在于, 引入了一种初始运动估计器 (扩展相位相关法) 来改善光流法的性能. 光流法配准可达到亚像素级精度, 并能计算某些复杂的运动模式, 如 chirping 和 tilting, 但它处理大尺度位移的能力较弱. 相对而言, 因为扩展相位相关法可在像素级精度上对大尺度的旋转和平移进行估计, 且计算效率较高, 所以, 它可以作为光流法一种较好的运动预估器. 实验表明, 这种改进的光流法可显著提高配准精度, 特别是对存在大尺度位移的图像, 并且对随机噪声不敏感.     

基于面积投影的图像配准方法

针对低分辨率图像之间的配准精度问题,直接影响到超分辨率图像的重建质量.通常图像之间的平移和旋转,采用基于泰勒级数展开的迭代配准算法以及频域配准算法.传统的泰勒级数展开的迭代配准算法的配准精度取决于图像的低阶逼近误差及迭代过程中图像的插值近似运动变换所造成的误差.采用泰勒级数展开的配准算法进行了改进,以面积投影变换来替代原有迭代算法中的图像插值变换,这种图像变换算法更加符合图像的成像原理,仿真结果表明,算法能够有效提高低分辨率图像间平移和旋转角度的配准精度.     

Spatio-temporal alignment of sequences

This paper studies the problem of sequence-to-sequence alignment, namely, establishing correspondences in time and in space between two different video sequences of the same dynamic scene. The sequences are recorded by uncalibrated video cameras which are either stationary or jointly moving, with fixed (but unknown) internal parameters and relative intercamera external parameters. Temporal variations between image frames (such as moving objects or changes in scene illumination) are powerful cues for alignment, which cannot be exploited by standard image-to-image alignment techniques. We show that, by folding spatial and temporal cues into a single alignment framework, situations which are inherently ambiguous for traditional image-to-image alignment methods, are often uniquely resolved by sequence-to-sequence alignment. Furthermore, the ability to align and integrate information across multiple video sequences both in time and in space gives rise to new video applications that are not possible when only image-to-image alignment is used.     

Geodesic active contours and level sets for the detection andtracking of moving objects

This paper presents a new variational framework for detecting and tracking multiple moving objects in image sequences. Motion detection is performed using a statistical framework for which the observed interframe difference density function is approximated using a mixture model. This model is composed of two components, namely, the static (background) and the mobile (moving objects) one. Both components are zero-mean and obey Laplacian or Gaussian law. This statistical framework is used to provide the motion detection boundaries. Additionally, the original frame is used to provide the moving object boundaries. Then, the detection and the tracking problem are addressed in a common framework that employs a geodesic active contour objective function. This function is minimized using a gradient descent method. A new approach named Hermes is proposed, which exploits aspects from the well-known front propagation algorithms and compares favorably to them. Very promising experimental results are provided using real video sequences     

综合多种预测方案实现遮挡情况下的目标跟踪

由于采用了多种运动预测方案,本文提出的目标跟踪方法能选择最佳的观测结果,实现对非标定固定焦距的静止摄像机的单目图像序列中的目标跟踪.静态背景参考图像由混合模型法估计,在最简单的环境下,跟踪算法则采用匀加速运动模型对目标完成跟踪.本文主要贡献是采用了三个预测器和最小方差相关时选择目标最可能的位置.三个预测器分别是:-跟踪方案、卡尔曼滤波和区域分割匹配方案.本跟踪方案通过具有不同遮挡情况的序列图像得到了验证.     

Robust and efficient foreground analysis in complex surveillance videos

Mixture of Gaussians-based background subtraction (BGS) has been widely used for detecting moving objects in surveillance videos. It is very efficient and can update the background model with slow lighting changes, however, it suffers from a number of limitations in complex surveillance conditions such as quick lighting variations, heavy occlusion, foreground fragments, slow moving or stopped object etc. To address these issues, this paper first focuses on foreground analysis within the mixture of Gaussians BGS framework in long-term scene monitoring to handle (1) quick lighting changes, (2) static objects, (3) foreground fragments, (4) abandoned and removed objects, and (5) camera view changes. Then, we propose a framework with interactive mechanisms between BGS and processing from different high levels (i.e. region, frame, and tracking) to improve the accuracy of moving object detection and tracking to handle (1) objects that stop for a significant period of time and (2) slow-moving objects. The robustness and efficiency of the proposed mechanism are tested in IBM Smart Surveillance Solution on a variety of sequences, including standard datasets. The proposed method is very efficient and handles ten video streams in real-time on a 2GB Pentium IV machine with MMX optimization.     

A temporal-spatial background modeling of dynamic scenes

Moving object detection in dynamic scenes is a basic task in a surveillance system for sensor data collection. In this paper, we present a powerful background subtraction algorithm called Gaussian-kernel density estimator (G-KDE) that improves the accuracy and reduces the computational load. The main innovation is that we divide the changes of background into continuous and stable changes to deal with dynamic scenes and moving objects that first merge into the background, and separately model background using both KDE model and Gaussian models. To get a temporal-spatial background model, the sample selection is based on the concept of region average at the update stage. In the detection stage, neighborhood information content (NIC) is implemented which suppresses the false detection due to small and un-modeled movements in the scene. The experimental results which are generated on three separate sequences indicate that this method is well suited for precise detection of moving objects in complex scenes and it can be efficiently used in various detection systems.     

运动目标的自动空时分割算法

在视频应用中,运动目标的提取是一个重要的研究课题。为了对运动目标进行更有效的分割,提出了一种从视频序列中自动提取运动目标的空时分割算法。该算法在时域分割中采用基于齐异矢量消除的目标检测方法来获得运动目标的初始模板。通常,该初始模板具有不连续的边界和一些"孔"。为了得到较为完整的目标区域,用具有距离约束的区域生长算法来补偿初始模板。而在空域分割中,分水岭分割则通过考虑全局信息来增强其分割的精确性。然后,精确的运动目标即可通过空时融合模块提取出来。试验结果表明,该空时分割算法是有效的。     

Layered Representation of a Video Shot with Mosaicing

: This paper presents a motion segmentation method useful for representing efficiently a video shot as a static mosaic of the background plus sequences of the objects moving in the foreground. This generates an MPEG-4 compliant, layered representation useful for video coding, editing and indexing. First, a mosaic of the static background is computed by estimating the dominant motion of the scene. This is achieved by tracking features over the video sequence and using a robust technique that discards features attached to the moving objects. The moving objects get removed in the final mosaic by computing the median of the grey levels. Then, segmentation is obtained by taking the pixelwise difference between each frame of the original sequence and the mosaic of the background. To discriminate between the moving object and noise, temporal coherence is exploited by tracking the object in the binarised difference image sequence. The automatic computation of the mosaic and the segmentation procedure are illustrated with real sequences experiments. Examples of coding and content-based manipulation are also shown. Received: 31 August 2000, Received in revised form: 18 April 2001, Accepted: 20 July 2001     

低照度视频序列运动目标的检测与提取

由于低照度环境下的成像质量存在比较突出的问题,使得低照度视频序列的运动目标检测与提取成为一项相当困难的工作。本文结合运动信息和梯度信息,提出了一种新的低照度视频序列运动目标检测与提取方法。该方法首先经帧间差分、滤除噪声得到运动区域的初始检测模板,针对初始检测模板中由于照度过低出现的目标漏检现象,采用提取函数法进行低灰度值的运动区域检测,最终形成完整的运动区域检测模板。采用多尺度形态梯度算子进行边缘检测,这种梯度算子抗噪能力强。实验结果表明这种方法能有效地实现低照度视频序列运动目标的检测与提取。     

Modeling and querying moving objects in networks

Moving objects databases have become an important research issue in recent years. For modeling and querying moving objects, there exists a comprehensive framework of abstract data types to describe objects moving freely in the 2D plane, providing data types such as moving point or moving region. However, in many applications people or vehicles move along transportation networks. It makes a lot of sense to model the network explicitly and to describe movements relative to the network rather than unconstrained space, because then it is much easier to formulate in queries relationships between moving objects and the network. Moreover, such models can be better supported in indexing and query processing. In this paper, we extend the ADT approach by modeling networks explicitly and providing data types for static and moving network positions and regions. In a highway network, example entities corresponding to these data types are motels, construction areas, cars, and traffic jams. The network model is not too simplistic; it allows one to distinguish simple roads and divided highways and to describe the possible traversals of junctions precisely. The new types and operations are integrated seamlessly into the ADT framework to achieve a relatively simple, consistent and powerful overall model and query language for constrained and unconstrained movement.     

短程线主动轮廓跟踪算法的研究--在复杂背景和非刚性运动目标跟踪中的应用

在复杂背景下对多个非刚性目标进行跟踪是计算机视觉中的一个难点。在短程线主动轮廓模型的基础上，利用力场正则化方法，并加入运动边缘信息，提出了一种在复杂背景下多个非刚性目标进行跟踪的方法。该方法由运动检测和跟踪两部分组成：运动检测利用运动边缘信息对运动目标的运动做出检测，让轮廓曲线运动到目标轮廓附近；跟踪利用当前帧中的静态边缘信息对运动检测的结果加以修正，而跟踪这一步引入的偏差将在下一帧的运动检测中得到修正。实验表明该方法能够有效地在复杂背景中对多个非刚性运动目标进行跟踪。