多回路网络控制系统中调度与控制的协同设计方法

结合具有多控制回路的网络控制系统框架结构,设计了一种基于网络控制性能运行状态的调度器的算法,根据系统对控制性能的要求,通过实时调整各控制回路的采样周期,实现多控制回路NCS的系统性能优化,并通过一组仿真给予验证.仿真结果显示,所设计的调度器能够对多控制回路的网络控制系统的有限资源进行有效的调度,提高资源利用率.     

网络控制系统的一种变采样周期动态调度策略

提出一种基于网络运行状态的网络控制系统动态调度器的设计方法．首先利用监测器在线获取当前的网络利用率、网络诱导误差和数据包执行时间，基于获取的网络状态，预测下一监测周期内的网络利用率和数据包执行时间．然后按照网络运行性能和控制性能的需求，基于网络利用率和数据包执行时间的预估值分配网络资源，计算控制系统新的采样周期．当数据包传输发生冲突时，采用MEF（Maximum Error First）作为辅助调度策略，确定数据包的发送优先级．最后通过一组仿真结果验证了所设计的动态调度器的有效性．     

基于死区调度的无线网络控制系统保性能控制器设计

针对无线网络控制系统(WiNCS)中网络带宽有限、节点能量有限、网络冲突概率高和节点动态移动的特点,提出了基于系统误差的死区调度策略,即只在系统误差绝对值大于死区阈值时才进行控制量的计算和传输.将死区调度描述为一个非线性函数,并在考虑系统参数不确定性和网络诱导时延的情况下,建立了基于死区调度的无线网络控制系统模型.利用Lyapunov-Krasovskii方法,给出了保性能控制器的设计方法.仿真实验结果表明所提方法在保证控制性能的基础上有效地降低了控制器的数据传输率.     

网络化控制性能与带宽调度协调优化设计及其仿真

基于网络化控制系统是具有延迟约束的实时系统,首先建立了保证网络控制性能的延迟约束模型,以此为基础提出满足上述延迟约束的带宽调度策略,以兼顾控制系统控制性能和网络系统服务质量;利用时间需求分析,给出在该策略下的周期、偶发与非周期等３种网络数据的可调度条件及延迟估计的算法,给出调度策略与保证网络控制性能的协调优化设计方法;最后提出一种控制系统与网络调度的集成仿真平台,并举例说明了策略的有效性．     

网络化控制性能与带宽调度协调优化设计及其仿真

基于网络化控制系统是具有延迟约束的实时系统,首先建立了保证网络控制性能的延迟约束模型,以此为基础提出满足上述延迟约束的带宽调度策略,以兼顾控制系统控制性能和网络系统服务质量;利用时间需求分析,给出在该策略下的周期、偶发与非周期等３种网络数据的可调度条件及延迟估计的算法,给出调度策略与保证网络控制性能的协调优化设计方法;最后提出一种控制系统与网络调度的集成仿真平台,并举例说明了策略的有效性．

     

基于Levinson-Durbin算法的变采样周期调度

由于资源受限而产生的网络时延是多回路网络控制系统面临的最严重问题之一,该时延具有随机、时变的特性,它将导致控制效果不理想,甚至使得系统不稳定。针对该问题,本文提出了基于中间插件的变采样周期调度策略,通过动态调整各控制回路的采样周期来实现网络资源的动态分配,以有效地减小网络时延,保证系统的稳定性。仿真结果表明,将该策略应用到资源受限的网络控制系统中,可以较大程度地减小随机时变时延对控制性能产生的负面影响,使得控制系统工作稳定,并有效地提高网络控制系统整体的控制性能。     

主从交换式以太网中跨多Switch传输消息实时调度研究

针对FTT-SE协议在单Master多交换机的网络扩展结构中存在的消息跨多Switch传输调度问题,给出了消息在每个基本调度周期内到达各交换机输出端口时间的计算方法,提出了单EC内的消息可调度性判定算法,并对算法的可行性进行了证明。在此基础上,设计了基于EDF的消息实时调度算法和准入控制算法。通过确定消息在每个基本调度周期内到达各交换机输出端口时间,所提出的调度算法能针对COTS交换机输出端口的FCFS消息传输机制,实现对单EC内消息传输的精确控制和调度。相对已有的调度算法,仿真实验表明,所提出的算法能更有效地利用网络带宽,提高了主从交换式以太网通信的实时性。     

资源受限的网络控制系统调度

结合具有多控制回路的网络控制系统框架结构,设计了反馈调度器以实现调度策略.根据控制性能最优化要求,分析了系统的可调度性.通过实时调整各控制回路的采样周期,采用优先级分配方法,在线优化多控制回路的网络控制系统性能.通过对3个控制回路组成的网络控制系统进行仿真实验,验证了可调度分析和调度策略的有效性.     

基于传输误差的网络控制系统调度方法

提出一种基于网络传输误差的控制系统调度方法,分析经典的静态和动态调度策略,给出通信网络的可调度性判据和网络调度下的控制性能稳定性约束。针对不可调度情况,使用网络监测得到网络传输误差,调整传感器的采样周期和在控制器进行数据包补偿的方法,并通过仿真实验验证该方法的有效性。     

基于马尔科夫链的网络控制系统调度

网络控制系统数据包的丢失将导致控制系统性能下降与网络资源利用率降低。以马尔科夫链对网络控制系统的数据包丢失时延进行动态预测,并将它作为网络利用率的一个重要参数,利用反馈原理动态地调整网络控制系统控制任务周期,在线分配网络资源,实现调度与控制的集成,提高了网络资源的利用率与控制系统性能,仿真结果表明了该方法的有效性。     

针对时间距离约束的网络化控制系统带宽调度策略

网络化控制系统是一种具有时间距离约束的硬实时系统.根据该特点,在深入分析网络化控制系统时间距离约束关系的基础上,提出一种针对时间距离约束的网络化控制系统带宽调度策略.该策略能够更有效地与网络化控制系统的控制算法相配合,同时兼顾控制系统控制性能和网络服务质量,优化系统总体性能.最后通过仿真实例说明了该策略的有效性.     

基于受控时间Petri网的车辆检测过程模型

针对汽车检测线运行效率评估及确保给定数量车辆检测时间最短的问题,通过分析检测过程中的驱动事件和状态演变,给出了车辆调度的约束条件,在此基础上把模型中的时间约束与受控Petri网相结合,提出了受控时间Petri网（Controlled Time Petri Nets）模型,采用该模型对检测线调度过程中的节拍控制与车辆调度进行可视化的建模与分析。实践表明对于多批次车辆检测任务采用该过程模型可明显缩短检测时间。     

一种能量收集嵌入式系统自适应调度算法

能量收集嵌入式系统(energy harvesting embedded system,简称EHES)的任务调度算法需要考虑能量收集单元的能量输出、能量存储单元的能量水平和能量消耗单元的能耗.实时任务在满足能量约束的条件下,才可能满足时间约束.在这个背景下,传统固定优先级调度算法不再适用于EHES.提出一种基于分组的自适应任务调度算法,它能根据能量收集单元由于能量输出的不确定性而造成的非能量约束情况和能量约束情况,自适应地选择任务调度算法.在非能量约束的情况下,减少任务抢占次数,增强任务的可调度性;在能量约束情况下,减少电池模式切换次数,提高能量存储单元的平均能量水平,从而降低系统能量约束.在一个可进行大范围任务集合仿真的实验环境下对提出的算法进行验证,并将基于分组的自适应调度算法与现有的两个经典算法进行了对比.     

基于DVS技术的性能感知反馈调度算法

传统DVS算法在能量管理方面没有考虑实际系统性能的需求,这在一定意义上限制了其节能效果．针对这一问题,提出一种基于DVS技术的性能感知反馈调度算法．在反馈调度器中,分别采用DVS技术和模糊控制技术设计CPU电压调节模块和控制任务周期调节模块,实现对系统CPU速率和控制任务采样周期的动态调节．通过与基于固定采样周期的DVS反馈调度算法进行对比,结果表明该算法在保证系统控制性能的同时进一步降低了系统能耗．     

Stabilization of linear discrete‐time networked control systems via protocol and controller co‐design

This paper investigates the stabilization problem for networked control systems (NCSs) with communication constraint and packet loss. The communication constraint considered is that only one network node is allowed to access a shared communication channel during one time‐slot, and a feedback control is performed with only partially available measurements and control inputs. By taking random packet loss into consideration, a stochastic switched system model is presented to describe the NCS. A sufficient condition is derived for the NCS to be mean‐square exponentially stable, and it is shown that the system performance specified by the exponential decay rate critically depends on the network accessing rates (NARs) of the network nodes and the packet loss probability. The state feedback controller and scheduling protocol, which allocates the NARs, are co‐designed such that the NCS achieves a minimal decay rate. Finally, an illustrative example is given to show the effectiveness of the proposed design approach. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Control latency for task assignment and scheduling of multiprocessor real-time control systems

For task assignment and scheduling problems of multiprocessor real-time control systems, a new performance index called the control latency, is proposed. In order to ensure smooth operation and good performance of real-time control systems, one must analyse the problem of combined task assignment and scheduling during the conceptual system design stage. The proposed performance index, the control latency, is defined as a weighted sum of feedback, command and monitoring latencies. Given a set of tasks for a specific control application, each task execution time and intra-/interprocessor communication latencies, an algorithm for combined task assignment and scheduling can be solved by minimizing this performance index, thereby providing the minimum time delay and best performance.     

An Improved Anti‐Windup Bumpless Transfer Structures Design for Controllers Switching

In this paper, an anti‐windup bumpless transfer (AWBT) control structure combined with linear interpolation method is proposed for smooth switching control. By choosing an appropriate scheduling signal, different controllers can be switched smoothly under a unified framework. Meanwhile, some robust specifications including H₂/H_∞ performance, pole placement constraint, and passivity of the closed‐loop system can be preserved through controller switching. Furthermore, for the linear system subject to input saturation, the stability and L₂ gain of the closed‐loop system can be guaranteed. Finally, a cart‐spring pendulum system is simulated to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.     

Hybrid Scheduling and Quantized Output Feedback Control for Networked Control Systems

A novel co-design scheme of hybrid scheduling strategy, adaptive logarithmic quantizer and dynamic robust H-infinity output feedback controller for a class of networked control system (NCS)with communication constraints and time delay is proposed. The hybrid scheduling scheme integrates dead zone scheduling and Try Once Discard (TOD) scheduling so as to get the stronger adaptability and flexibility than the single scheduling. In this scheme, dead zone scheduling which updates the threshold according to mode-dependent control strategy is used for single node of NCS to reduce the network bandwidth utilization while TOD scheduling is used for the whole node of NCS in order to meet the requirements of communication constraints and guarantee the overall system performance.We develop the integrated design for the hybrid scheduling strategy, adaptive quantizer and dynamic robust output feedback controller to maintain asymptotic stability of the closed-loop NCS by using the multiple-Lyapunov function and switched system theory. The proposed method can improve the the quality of service (QoS) meanwhile ensure the quality of control (QoC) of overall systems, which make a better trade-off between network utilization and control performance. An simulation example demonstrates the efficiency of the proposed method.     

Real-time transaction scheduling in database systems

A database system supporting a real-time application, which can be called “a real-time database system (RTDBS)”, has to provide real-time information to the executing transactions. Each RTDB transaction is associated with a timing constraint, usually in the form of a deadline. Efficient resource scheduling algorithms and concurrency control protocols are required to schedule the transactions so as to satisfy both timing constraints and data consistency requirements. In this paper,^† we concentrate on the concurrency control problem in RTDBSs. Our work has two basic goals: real-time performance evaluation of existing concurrency control approaches in RTDBSs, and proposing new concurrency control protocols with improved performance. One of the new protocols is locking-based, and it prevents the priority inversion problem^{, †} by scheduling the data lock requests based on prioritizing data items. The second new protocol extends the basic timestamp-ordering method by involving real-time priorities of transactions in the timestamp assignment procedure. Performance of the protocols is evaluated through simulations by using a detailed model of a single-site RTDBS. The relative performance of the protocols is examined as a function of transaction load, data contention (which is determined by a number of system parameters) and resource contention. The protocols are also tested under various real-time transaction processing environments. The performance of the proposed protocols appears to be good, especially under conditions of high transaction load and high data contention.     

网络化控制系统的信息调度与稳定性研究

针对具有通信约束的变速率网络化控制系统模型，研究在有系统信息丢失的情形下闭环系统的渐近稳定性问题；同时针对框架化的信息调度方法，探讨了在给定网络变速率采样模式下，通过设计动态反馈控制律保持闭环系统渐近稳定的方法来评判信息调度方法的适定性。