基于ROAD和小波收缩的MLEM低剂量CT重建算法

针对低剂量CT(Computed Tomography)重建图像质量退化的问题,提出一种基于小波收缩和绝对差值排序各项异性扩散的MLEM(Maximum Likelihood Expectation Maximization)低剂量CT重建算法。算法在每次迭代中首先采用MLEM算法对低剂量CT投影数据进行重建。由于各项异性扩散对噪声敏感,所以算法先对重建后的图像进行小波变换,再在更稳定的低频小波域进行基于绝对差值排序的各项异性扩散处理,对小波高频系数进行软阈值降噪处理。然后将降噪处理后的系数进行小波反变换,得到降噪后的图像。最后使用中值滤波对图像进行处理,从而消除脉冲噪声点。实验结果表明,与其他几种常用重建算法相比,该算法重建的图像信噪比更高,归一化均方误差更小,处理后的图像更清晰,即可以在抑制噪声的同时,较好地保持图像的边缘和细节信息。     

基于变指数各向异性扩散和非局部的最大似然期望最大低剂量CT重建算法

针对低剂量计算机断层扫描(CT)重建图像发生严重衰退的问题,提出一种基于变指数和非局部的最大似然期望最大(MLEM)低剂量CT重建算法。该算法考虑了传统各向异性扩散中降噪不充分的缺点,把可以有效折中热传导和各向异性扩散(P-M)这两种模型的变指数,以及代替梯度检测边缘和细节的相似度函数运用到传统各向异性扩散中,从而达到所期望的效果。该算法在每次迭代中首先采用基本的MLEM算法对低剂量CT投影数据进行重建; 然后利用基于非局部的相似性测度以及变指数和模糊数学的理论对各向异性扩散的扩散函数进行改进,用改进后的各向异性扩散对重建图像进行降噪;最后使用中值滤波对图像进行处理从而消除脉冲噪声点。实验结果表明,所提出算法的均方绝对误差、归一化均方距离均比有序子集惩罚最小二乘(OS-PLS)、有序子集惩罚最大似然一步迟疑(OS-PML-OSL)、基于传统P-M、基于方差的算法小,获得了高达10.52的信噪比。该算法重建出的图像可以在有效消除噪声的同时较好地保持图像的边缘和细节信息。     

基于小波和四阶各向异性扩散的MLEM低剂量CT重建算法

在低剂量计算机断层扫描CT(computed tomography)重建算法中,传统的最大似然期望最大MLEM(Maximum Likelihood Expectation Maximization)算法随着迭代次数的增加会出现棋盘效应而不能有效地抑制噪声。针对上述问题提出一种基于小波收缩和四阶各向异性扩散相结合的MLEM低剂量CT重建算法。该算法结合小波收缩和各向异性扩散的优点,在每次迭代中,对MLEM重建算法处理后的图像进行离散平稳小波分解,在小波域的高频部分进行小波收缩,低频部分使用降噪效果优质的四阶各向异性扩散进行消噪,最后残留的脉冲噪声点通过中值滤波器进行处理,从而进一步优化图像。仿真实验结果表明,该算法可以有效地去除低剂量CT图像的噪声,且在保持图像边缘和细节信息方面有很好的表现,从而获得高抗噪性能的图像。     

结合改进扩散和双边滤波的低剂量CT重建

针对低剂量计算机断层扫描(CT)重建图像时出现明显条形伪影的现象,提出一种结合非局部均值模糊扩散和扩展邻域双边滤波的中值先验(MP)重建算法。首先,使用基于非局部均值模糊扩散方法对中值先验分布的最大后验(MAP)重建算法进行改进,以减少重建图像中的噪声;然后,采用基于扩展邻域的双边滤波方法对重建图像进行处理,以保持图像的边缘和细节信息,进一步提高重建图像的信噪比。采用Shepp-Logan模型和胸腔模型来验证算法的有效性,实验结果表明,与滤波反投影(FBP)、中值根先验(MRP)、非局部均值模糊扩散的MP重建(NLMMP)算法和非局部均值双边滤波的MP重建(NLMBFMP)算法相比,所提新算法的归一化均方距离和均方绝对误差最小,且信噪比最高,分别为10.20 dB和15.51 dB。该重建算法可以在对重建图像进行降噪的同时保持了图像的边缘和细节信息,改善了低剂量CT图像质量退化的问题,获得高信噪比和高质量的重建图像。     

低剂量CT图像的自适应广义总变分降噪算法

针对低剂量计算机断层扫描(CT)重建图像时出现明显条形伪影的现象,提出一种自适应广义总变分(ATGV)降噪算法。该算法考虑了传统广义总变分(TGV)算法在降噪时模糊图像边缘信息的缺点,把可以有效区分图像平滑区和细节区的直觉模糊熵应用到传统TGV中,对图像的不同区域进行不同强度的去噪,从而达到保护图像细节的效果。该算法首先采用滤波反投影(FBP)算法得到低剂量CT重建图像;然后利用基于直觉模糊熵的边缘指示函数对传统TGV模型进行改进;最后用改进后的模型对重建图像进行降噪处理。采用Shepp-Logan模型和数字胸腔模型(thorax phantom)仿真低剂量CT重建图像来验证算法的有效性。实验结果表明,所提算法的归一化均方距离(NMSD)和归一化平均绝对距离(NAAD)均比总变分(TV)降噪算法和广义总变分(TGV)降噪算法小,且可分别获得26.90 dB和44.58 dB的峰值信噪比(PSNR)。该算法在去除条形伪影的同时可以较好地保持图像的边缘和细节信息。     

基于变指数的片相似性扩散图像降噪算法

针对图像去噪过程中存在边缘保持与噪声抑制之间的矛盾,提出了一种基于变指数的片相似性扩散图像降噪算法。算法基于变指数的自适应降噪模型,引入片相似性的思想,构造出新的边缘检测算子和扩散系数函数。传统的各项异性扩散图像降噪算法利用单个像素点的灰度相似性（或梯度信息）检测边缘,不能很好地保持图像的弱边缘和纹理信息。而所提算法利用邻域像素的灰度相似性,可以在滤除图像噪声的同时,保持更多的细节信息。仿真结果表明,与其他传统的基于偏微分方程（PDE）的图像降噪算法相比,该算法将信噪比（SNR）和峰值信噪比（PSNR）提高至16.602480dB和31.284672dB,具有良好的抗噪性;同时视觉效果较好,保持了更多的弱边缘和纹理等细节特征,在噪声抑制与边缘保持之间取得了较好的权衡。     

片相似性各项异性扩散图像去噪

提出了一种基于片相似性的各项异性扩散图像去噪方法.传统的各项异性图像去噪方法都是基于单个像素点的灰度相似性(或梯度信息),不能很好地保持弱梯度边缘和纹理等细节信息.基于片相似性的非局部图像去噪方法由于利用了邻域像素的灰度相似性,而能够很好地保持纹理等细节信息.将片相似性思想引入到各项异性扩散中,利用片相似性构造扩散函数,同时将片相似性各项异性扩散模型扩展到彩色图像的去噪.实验结果表明,提出的改进方法能很好地保持纹理等细节信息,不存在各项异性扩散普遍存在的明显的阶梯效应,同时比非局部图像去噪方法速度快.医学图像去噪实例也表明所提出方法具有很好的应用前景.     

基于偏微分方程的低剂量CT投影降噪算法

低剂量CT图像由于采用了较低的X射线放射剂量,大大降低了辐射对人体的危害,但由此带来的问题是投影数据受噪声污染严重,从而导致了重建图像质量的降低。针对上述问题,在基于偏微分方程的基础上,提出一种改进的投影域降噪算法。该算法在各向异性扩散方程的基础上,利用局部熵可以有效地反映图像局部特征的特点,来控制扩散的程度。实验结果表明,新的算法在提高重建图像信噪比的同时更好地保持了图像的细节和边缘信息。     

基于差分曲率的偏微分方程图像降噪算法

针对图像去噪过程存在边缘保持与噪声抑制的矛盾,提出一种改进的偏微分方程图像降噪算法。将差分曲率引入各项异性扩散方程中,构造出新的扩散系数函数,其可以较好区分图像的边缘、平坦区域以及噪声,使算法在去除噪声的同时,保留更多弱边缘和纹理等细节信息。实验结果表明,该算法与其它基于偏微分方程的图像降噪算法相比,在客观的质量评价方面,提高了图像的信噪比和峰值信噪比;在主观视觉效果方面,在滤除噪声的同时保留了更多的弱边缘等细节信息,该算法实现了较好的图像降噪效果。     

基于卷积神经网络的时频域CT重建算法

针对采用时域滤波器解析重建后图像存在伪影和图像细节丢失等问题,提出了一种基于卷积神经网络（CNN）的时频域计算机断层扫描（CT）重建算法。首先,在频域中构建了基于卷积神经网络的滤波器网络,实现投影数据的频域滤波;其次,利用反投影操作算子对频域滤波后结果进行域转换得到重建图像;接着,在图像域构建网络对来自反投影层的图像进行处理;最后,在采用最小均方误差损失函数基础上引入多尺度结构相似度损失函数组成复合损失函数,减轻神经网络对结果图像的模糊效应,保留重建图像细节。图像域网络和投影域滤波网络联合作用,最终得到重建结果。在临床数据集上验证了所提算法的有效性,相较于滤波反投影（FBP）算法、全变分（TV）算法及图像域残差编解码CNN（RED-CNN）算法,当投影数目分别为180和90时,所提算法重建结果图像信噪比（PSNR）和结构相似度（SSIM）最高,且归一化均方根误差（NMSE）最小;当投影数目为360时,所提算法仅次于TV算法。实验结果表明,所提算法可以提高CT图像重建图像质量,是一种可行且有效的方法。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Call for Papers The 6^th International Conference on Grid and Cooperative Computing

Recent years have seen rapid advances in various grid-related technologies, middleware, and applications. The GCC conference has become one of the largest scientific events worldwide in grid and cooperative computing. The 6th international conference on grid and cooperative computing (GCC2007) Sponsored by China Computer Federation (CCF),Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (ICT) and Xinjiang University ,and in Cooperation with IEEE Computer Soceity ,is to be held from August 16 to 18, 2007 in Urumchi, Xinjiang, China.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.     

The Distributed Time-Triggered Simulation Scheme: Core Principles and Supporting Execution Engine

Distributed real-time simulation is a young technology field but its practice is under increasing demands. In recent years the author and his collaborators have been establishing a new approach called the distributed time-triggered simulation (DTS) scheme which is conceptually simple and easy to use but widely applicable. The concept was initiated in the course of developing a new-generation object-oriented real-time programming scheme called the time-triggered message-triggered object (TMO) programming scheme. Some fundamental issues inherent in distributed real-time simulation that were learned during recent experimental studies are discussed along with some approaches for resolving the issues. An execution engine developed to support both the TMOs engaged in control computation and the TMOs engaged in DTS is also discussed along with its possible extensions that will enable significantly larger-scale DTSs.     

Software-Konfigurationsmanagement in großen Softwareprojekten

Zusammenfassung Mit zunehmender Größe der Softwaresysteme verschärfen sich die für die Software-Herstellung typischen Probleme: Beherrschen großer Objektmengen, Erhalten der Systemkonsistenz, Kontrolle der ständigen Änderungseinflüsse und Gewährleisten einer langen Lebensdauer. Die Disziplin Konfigurationsmanagement bildet den methodischen Ansatz, diese Probleme besser zu beherrschen. Software-Konfigurationsmanagement faßt die Herstellung von Softwaresystemen als eine Abfolge von kontrollierten Änderungen an gesicherten Zwischen- und Endergebnissen auf. Dargestellt werden die Objekte und Funktionen des Software-Konfigurationsmanagements sowie die hierfür in großen Software-Projekten benötigten Methoden, Instanzen und Hilfsmittel.     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and     

Editorial:Brain-machine interface(BMI) and cyborg intelligence

正Brain-machine interfaces(BMIs)aim at building a direct communication pathway between the brain and an external device,and represent an area of research where significant progress has been made during the past decade.Based on BMIs,mind information can be read out by neural signals to control     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate     

SCIENCE CHINA Information Sciences SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 57(2014)

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