超声波测距系统在移动机器人中的设计与应用

给出了基于单片机控制的超声波测距系统的软件和硬件设计。采用增加超声波测距电路的通道数的方法,提高了移动机器人在避障与导航方面的精度与可靠性。给出了12路超声波测距系统在移动机器人中的实际应用。     

一种新颖的基于二分法和模糊控制的移动机器人避障系统

针对超声波传感器波束角窄导致移动机器人存在避障盲区的现状,研究了一种新颖的超声波避障系统。该系统采用六个超声波传感器构成特别设计的超声波阵列,实现无盲区检测中大型移动机器人前方及左右两侧障碍物的位置,充分保障运行安全性;同时在避障算法上,采用二分法和模糊控制相结合的控制算法,简化了模糊控制规则使系统具有很好的智能性和实时性,实现了移动机器人选择最佳避障路径并对新增的动态障碍物进行避障。将此避障控制系统应用于移动机器人上,实验结果表明：在未知环境下,实现对移动机器人周边的无盲区检测,并且能够实时根据周围障碍物的动态情况选择最佳避障路径,避免了其它避障控制算法中易出现的误避障和二次避障的情况。     

移动机器人模糊控制与模糊自适应PID控制

研究机器人路径规划问题,在移动机器人上配置超声波传感器,对返回的距离值进行信息融合,并将环境分为有障和无障两种模式.针对无障模式下模糊控制的路径振荡问题,为了克服振荡和减小超调,提出了有障模式下的模糊控制和无障模式下的模糊白适应PID控制方案.利用MATLAB建立了GUI移动机器人仿真平台.仿真结果表明,在非结构化未知环境下,可使系统响应速度加快,解决了振荡和超调问题,更好地实现从起点到静态目标点的路径规划任务,可为设计提供可靠依据.     

室内机器人及其路径跟踪网络设计

近年来,室内移动机器人的研究和设计成为关注的焦点。我们采用单片机作为机器人的核心控制器,利用超声波传感器、碰撞传感器、步进电机及其控制芯片Ta8435联合制作开发了机器人实验平台。最后介绍了模糊控制、模糊神经网络,并利用模糊控制和模糊神经网络技术对室内机器人导航中的模糊控制避障和模糊神经网络路径跟踪作了MATLAB仿真研究,达到了预期的目的。     

基于行为模糊控制的移动机器人路径规划

针对未知环境下移动机器人路径规划和提高自主导航安全性问题,基于行为的控制结构思想,在此基础上提出了一种基于模糊控制的移动机器人路径规划算法;根据传感器接收的障碍物和目标距离方位信息,将路径规划分成避障行为、趋向目标行为;结合模糊逻辑理论和人类驾驶经验,制定模糊规则,输出转角和速度;仿真结果表明,移动机器人能够克服环境中的不确定性,有效地实现良好的路径规划,验证了模糊控制算法的可行性,体现了该路径规划策略的有效性和正确性。     

智能移动机器人技术现状及展望

智能移动机器人技术涉及到机器人导航与定位,路径规划,运动控制等.本文综述了移动机器人技术的历史,现状以及未来.首先简要回顾了移动机器人的发展历史,介绍了移动机器人主要体系结构.其次详细论述了移动机器人的主要导航技术,路径规划技术以及多传感器信息融合技术,并指出它们优缺点.最后指出基于硬件电路图像处理的视觉导航技术,高智能情感移动机器人等技术是移动机器人发展趋势.     

交变湿热室新型控制策略研究

介绍了交变湿热室模糊控制方法 ,给出了设计步骤及硬件电路组成。     

基于SPCE061A单片机移动机器人导航系统硬件设计

采用了凌阳公司所生产的一款SPCE061A单片机和超声波测距模组结合,分别在移动机器人的前方、左侧、右侧安装超声波测距传感器,来实现对移动机器人周围环境的探测.着重给出该导航系统的硬件设计与实现,同时将搭建的硬件系统应用于未知环境下进行实时探测,从而验证系统的完整性、有效性.     

基于模糊推理的移动机器人导航研究

本文采用模糊控制的方法控制移动机器人的前进方向,在模糊控制中根据障碍物的实际位置及机器人运动方向与目标点夹角的不同情况,给出了机器人的反应规则。移动机器人的运动方向的控制利用自启发式规则进行模糊推理而实现。     

基于P87C591的CAN总线智能超声波测距系统

在移动机器人的安全避障技术中,为了准确定位障碍物,往往采用多路超声波传感器测距系统,势必造成系统硬件复杂,软件编写困难.为节省系统资源,介绍了一种以飞利浦P87C591作为超声波传感器控制核心及CAN总线控制器的CAN总线智能超声波测距系统,详细介绍了其硬件电路构成、工作原理及软件设计思想.通过该设计的简单应用,大大节省了系统硬件资源,简化了软件编写复杂度,且该系统硬件结构简单,有较强的实用性.     

基于不确定网格地图的移动机器人导航

研究了在未知环境下的移动机器人导航问题．在分析超声传感器不确定性模型的基础上,根据模糊集理论创建网格地图来描述机器人工作环境,使用模糊隶属度表示网格占用状态．通过网格信息融合来减弱传感器测量误差,提高网格地图的精度．提出基于模糊网格地图的路径规划算法,利用重复局部优化路径搜索来实现全局路径规划．机器人通过交替进行创建地图和路径规划两个基本过程来完成导航任务．仿真结果表明创建的地图能较精确地表示环境信息。规划的路径可以使机器人安全地到达目的地．     

模糊控制在移动机器人路径规划中的应用

针对移动机器人最优路径规划问题,设计了一种模糊智能控制方法。利用超声波传感器对机器人周围环境进行探测,得到关于障碍物和目标的信息。通过设计模糊控制器,把得到的障碍与目标位置信息模糊化,建立模糊规则并解模糊最终使机器人可以很好地避障,并且解决了模糊算法存在的死锁问题,从而实现了移动机器人的路径规划。仿真实验结果表明了模糊算法优于人工势场法,具有有效性和可行性。     

A 3-level autonomous mobile robot navigation system designed by using reasoning/search approaches

This paper describes how soft computing methodologies such as fuzzy logic, genetic algorithms and the Dempster–Shafer theory of evidence can be applied in a mobile robot navigation system. The navigation system that is considered has three navigation subsystems. The lower-level subsystem deals with the control of linear and angular volocities using a multivariable PI controller described with a full matrix. The position control of the mobile robot is at a medium level and is nonlinear. The nonlinear control design is implemented by a backstepping algorithm whose parameters are adjusted by a genetic algorithm. We propose a new extension of the controller mentioned, in order to rapidly decrease the control torques needed to achieve the desired position and orientation of the mobile robot. The high-level subsystem uses fuzzy logic and the Dempster–Shafer evidence theory to design a fusion of sensor data, map building, and path planning tasks. The fuzzy/evidence navigation based on the building of a local map, represented as an occupancy grid, with the time update is proven to be suitable for real-time applications. The path planning algorithm is based on a modified potential field method. In this algorithm, the fuzzy rules for selecting the relevant obstacles for robot motion are introduced. Also, suitable steps are taken to pull the robot out of the local minima. Particular attention is paid to detection of the robot’s trapped state and its avoidance. One of the main issues in this paper is to reduce the complexity of planning algorithms and minimize the cost of the search. The performance of the proposed system is investigated using a dynamic model of a mobile robot. Simulation results show a good quality of position tracking capabilities and obstacle avoidance behavior of the mobile robot.     

Path planning approach in unknown environment

This paper presents a new algorithm of path planning for mobile robots, which utilises the characteristics of the obstacle border and fuzzy logical reasoning. The environment topology or working space is described by the time-variable grid method that can be further described by the moving obstacles and the variation of path safety. Based on the algorithm, a new path planning approach for mobile robots in an unknown environment has been developed. The path planning approach can let a mobile robot find a safe path from the current position to the goal based on a sensor system. The two types of machine learning: advancing learning and exploitation learning or trial learning are explored, and both are applied to the learning of mobile robot path planning algorithm. Comparison with A* path planning approach and various simulation results are given to demonstrate the efficiency of the algorithm. This path planning approach can also be applied to computer games.     

Real-time motion planning of an autonomous mobile manipulator using a fuzzy adaptive Kalman filter

This paper presents the real-time motion planning i.e., map building and path planning of an autonomous mobile manipulator capable of scanning natural terrain using a detector e.g., a landmine detector. Map building generates a terrain map using the measurements of laser and ultrasonic rangefinders, and path planning uses the map to define an obstacle-free path for the detector. Map building involves sensor fusion to tackle the uncertainties associated with range measurement. Fusion takes place in a hierarchical filtering process that updates the map in real time and also optimizes the scanning process based on the terrain type. The filtering process includes a proposed fuzzy adaptive Kalman filter in which the gain of the filter is adapted using a fuzzy model that characterizes the terrain. The efficiency of the proposed map building and path planning methods has been verified by experiments on a prototype mine detector robot.     

基于模糊控制器的移动机器人路径规划仿真

目前移动机器人系统已经被广泛研究,机器人的避碰控制策略也多种多样.主要借鉴模糊控制的思想来解决移动机器人路径规划中的避碰问题,实现机器人在障碍物环境中快速、准确的找到一条无碰撞的路径,最终达到目标点.首先介绍了模糊控制的理论基础,然后对路径规划算法进行了推导,在总结经验建立模糊规则的基础上,运用模糊推理,构造出一张实践效果较好的控制响应表,仿真结果表明了该算法应用于移动机器人路径规划具有正确性、实用性和智能性等,该方法计算量小,运算速度快,提高了机器人控制的速度.     

移动机器人模糊逻辑控制系统避障研究

本文对全区域覆盖的局部路径规划，采用了一种模糊控制算法，利用模糊控制算法自身所具有的鲁棒性和基于生物学上的感知一动作的行为相结合。对于移动机器人的避障系统提出了充分接近障碍的避障策略，并对相关理论和实现方法作了深入的研究。     

Self-localization and obstacle avoidance for a mobile robot

This article presents a fast self-localization method based on ZigBee wireless sensor network and laser sensor, an obstacle avoidance algorithm based on ultrasonic sensors for a mobile robot. The positioning system and positioning theory of ZigBee which can obtain a rough global localization of the mobile robot are introduced. To realize accurate local positioning, a laser sensor is used to extract the features from environment, then the environmental features and global reference map can be matched. From the matched environmental features, the position and orientation of the mobile robot can be obtained. To enable the mobile robot to avoid obstacle in real-time, a heuristic fuzzy neural network is developed by using heuristic fuzzy rules and the Kohonen clustering network. The experiment results show the effectiveness of the proposed method.