考虑转动副特性的发动机静叶调节机构动态性能分析

发动机静叶调节机构空间运动复杂，前人的研究并未涉及整机的动力学方程，运动副特性及驱动方式对调节机构动态性能的影响尚不明晰.本文通过将第一类拉格朗日方程与改进的接触模型和LuGre摩擦模型相结合，建立了考虑转动副间隙和摩擦特性的静叶调节机构动力学模型，并探究驱动方式对调节机构动态性能的影响.针对做空间转动的连杆的质量矩阵随时间不断变化这一问题，本文给出详细推导公式.将数值模拟结果与Adams仿真进行了比较，验证结果的正确性.通过对比匀速驱动、简谐驱动及梯形驱动方式表明，简谐驱动有助于减小运动过程中的阻滞力，提高摇臂的动态稳定性，分析驱动方式对间隙运动副耗能的影响后发现简谐驱动更节能.此外，考虑摩擦后，各驱动方式的阻滞力增幅明显，摩擦会加剧阻滞力.     

欠驱动手动态抓取控制的研究

基于手指动力学模型建立了速度观测器.该观测器用于欠驱动手的自适应轨迹跟踪,弥补了欠驱动手没有速度传感器的缺点,补偿了手指模型中欠驱动元件(如扭簧)造成的不确定因素.与PID和计算力矩法相比,其跟踪误差更小,动态控制效果更加理想.通过动力学模型建立了基于力的阻抗控制策略,在阻抗控制中使用速度观测器,实现了基关节的动态抓取力跟踪.动态轨迹跟踪与力跟踪相结合,使欠驱动手在抓握时具有良好的动态抓取性能.     

考虑铰间间隙和重力影响的空间机械臂轨迹跟踪控制

以在轨服务高精度操控任务为背景,研究了铰间间隙和重力对空间机械臂末端轨迹跟踪精度的耦合影响,并设计了间隙补偿控制器.通过分析不同重力环境下含铰间间隙机构的运动特性,基于铰间间隙的Kelvin-Voigt线性弹簧阻尼假设,建立了地面装调及空间服役两种不同工况下的近似间隙等效模型.以二自由度空间机械臂为例,利用牛顿欧拉法推导了重力及重力释放条件下的含间隙机械臂动力学模型,并分离出了间隙补偿项.最后,通过轨迹跟踪控制仿真研究,给出了含间隙机械臂在不同重力环境下的动力学行为差异,同时验证了间隙补偿控制器的有效性.     

含间隙同步锥齿轮锁定后的非光滑动力学分析

针对周边环形桁架天线展开锁死后,分析齿轮副间隙由于空间冷—热环境交替对天线所产生的影响.因为整个桁架结构复杂,间隙种类众多,所以文中只研究一对同步直齿锥齿轮锁定后间隙的非光滑动力学行为.文中首先介绍了三种碰撞力模型,即恢复系数模型、Hertz接触力模型和非线性弹簧—阻尼模型,然后对物理模型进行简化得到动力学模型,最后建立了动力学方程.由于动力学方程中存在分段,直接求得解析解难度过大,文中直接采用数值仿真的方法进行分析,从仿真结果中得知含间隙的同步锥齿轮在外力的作用下整个系统会出现单倍周期、倍周期分岔和混沌等复杂的非线性响应.     

结构分散模型及其应用

本文用链系统的结构分散化模型描述受控系统的动态特性,该模型以子系统级模型给出, 显含人工对系统因果分析的经验知识.文中引入了因果链、链结构和链能达性等概念,研究了 有关性质,并讨论了一个实例.     

基于MSC Adams的新型离合器动态特性仿真

新型同步离合器的结构中,棘轮棘爪及中间件的啮合机构是最重要的部件. 利用Pro/E及MSC Adams建立该离合器的虚拟样机模型,并在MSC Adams中对离合器动态接合过程进行仿真,分析棘轮棘爪的碰撞特性,以及中间件的啮合特性. 所得结果对进一步研究该离合器动态接合过程的特性和设计有重要的指导意义.     

电磁铁力特性测试系统的研究

鉴于力特性是表征电磁铁性能的基本特性,基于力传感器和位移传感器等器件,提出了一种电磁铁力特性测试系统,介绍了其结构及原理,建立了测试系统模型,对测试系统误差进行了分析.通过试验研究了测试系统的动态系统误差,并对单向和双向两种特定结构的比例电磁铁的静动态力特性进行了测试.试验结果表明:该系统测试方便、测试结果准确可靠,适用于单向和双向电磁铁静动态力特性的测试.     

含间隙机械系统的混杂模型预测控制器

研究含间隙机械系统的混杂模型预测控制问题.首先,将含间隙机械系统的运行模式分为"间隙模式"和"接触模式".其次,建立了含间隙机械系统的混杂分段仿射 (PWA)模型.然后,利用模型预测控制 (MPC)的方法对约束PWA系统的最优控制进行求解,通过动态规划与多参数二次规划方法,得到了MPC的离线解.最后,通过将分段二次 (PWQ)Lyapunov函数的求解转换成半正定规划,找到了确保闭环控制稳定性的PWQ Lyaplanov函数.跟踪参考速度的实验结果表明,混杂模型预测控制器对含间隙机械系统的跟踪控制具有较好的效果,能够满足小采样时间系统的实时控制要求.     

间隙引发的变载非线性及其闭环辨识

阐明了齿轮传动位置伺服系统间隙除产生熟知的前向迟滞非线性之外,还将因系统往复运动中加卸载相交替的反向调制致使驱动电机动力学参数同步跳变所出现的变载非线性现象.推导建立了这类非线性在一阶谐波意义下的串联式等效频域模型及其近似计算公式,分析了相应的幅相特性.进一步面向服役中系统提出了直接通过闭环弱自激振荡控制所实现的间隙辨识新方法,给出了控制器的结构及其参数整定策略.此外,文中还给出了含高斯白噪声测量的仿真算例,充分验证了闭环间隙辨识方法的有效性和便捷性.     

城市高速公路交通的神经网络建模与控制

从城市高速公路交通流的宏观、动态特性出发 ,分析了交通流控制中常用的宏观、动态、确定性模型 在此基础上 ,利用人工神经网络技术建立了城市高速公路的神经网络模型 ,并提出了入口匝道放行和路段速度相结合的多变量神经网络控制策略 利用该控制策略建立的自适应神经网络控制器 ,可以使高速公路上的交通密度维持在理想的密度值附近 .进一步分析可以得到 ,该控制器是一个状态和控制作用均可跟踪的伺服系统 .以杭州某高架高速公路为背景的仿真结果表明 :该控制器具有较强的鲁帮性 ,控制效果令人满意 .     

Computed torque control of fully-actuated nondeterministic multibody systems

In this paper we are interested in the dynamic behavior of a slider-crank mechanism with single and two revolute clearance joints. Due to the clearance existence in the revolute joints, it is important to choose an appropriate contact force model in analyzing the dynamic response of a slider-crank mechanism with clearances. The dynamic equations are established by combining the Newton–Euler equations with modified contact force model and improved Coulomb friction force model, and the Baumgarte stabilization approach is used to improve the numerical stability. According to numerical and experimental results, the method of continuous contact can be verified to be reasonable. Comparing dynamic the response between one clearance joint and two clearance joints in a crank-slider mechanism, it is easy to find a significant mutual coupling region due to the presence of two clearance joints by simply contact figures. The dynamic response in a mechanism with two clearance joints is not a simple superposition of that in mechanism with one clearance joint. Therefore, all the joints in a multibody system should be modeled as clearance joints.     

Piston dynamic characteristics analyses based on FEM method Part I: Effected by piston skirt parameters

The dynamic and lubrication characteristics are all very complex problem in piston-liner analysis, and they have great effect on the power output, vibration, noise emission. In this paper, the numerical model which concludes lubrication part and dynamic motion is established, the lubrication is solved by the finite element method, and dynamic equation is solved by Runge–Kutta. The effect of piston skirt parameters on dynamic characteristics are compared based on a typical inline six-cylinder engine, such as: clearance, offset of piston pin, length of piston skirt, position of bump, curvature parameter and ellipticity of the piston, all the result mainly focus on the slap noise of the engine. All the analyses are very useful to design of piston-liner at the development of the engine, and it can provide the guidance for the design of the low noise engine.     

A novel transition model for lubricated revolute joints in planar multibody systems

The dynamic behavior and the life of machineries are greatly affected by lubricated clearance joints,which are inevitable in mechanical systems, whereas investigations on lubricated clearance joints are very limited due to the difficulty in coupling lubrication theory with dynamics. By analyzing the transition status and considering the hydrodynamic lubrication, elasto-hydrodynamic lubrication, and partial lubrication and contact a novel transition model for the lubricated clearance joint is proposed to tackle with the transition between the lubrication statuses and the contact status. With the novel transition model, we performed numerical dynamic simulations based on a slider crank mechanism with a lubricated clearance joint. Using the novel transition model and the existed transition model (Flores model) in numerical simulations, we obtained and compared dynamic results, which demonstrate that the novel transition model is more accurate, efficient, and feasible than the Flores model.     

Comprehensive analysis of the position error and vibration characteristics of Delta robot

Taking Delta robot as research object, its characteristics of position error and vibration are analyzed synthetically. Using the position characteristic of driven arms, based on the method of geometry space vector, establish the mechanism error model; Taking use the principle of mathematical statistics and space vector as the basic, deriving the joint clearance error model; Based on finite element theory, on the basic of elastic dynamic model, establishing the flexible error model. Then, the kinematics and dynamics of branched chain with joint clearance generalized collision force are studied. Based on the definition of rod virtual length, combining the generalized collision force with the elastic dynamics model which includes mechanism error, joint clearance error and flexible error, establishing the comprehensive elastic dynamic model. Finally, by use of simulation software, numerical calculation and experiment, verified the correctness of comprehensive elastic dynamic model, and the characteristics of position error and vibration are analyzed.     

Dynamic Analysis for Planar Multibody Mechanical Systems with Lubricated Joints

The dynamic analysis of planar multibody systems with revolute clearance joints, including dry contact and lubrication effects is presented here. The clearances are always present in the kinematic joints. They are known to be the sources for impact forces, which ultimately result in wear and tear of the joints. A joint with clearance is included in the multibody system much like a revolute joint. If there is no lubricant in the joint, impacts occur in the system and the corresponding impulsive forces are transmitted throughout the multibody system. These impacts and the eventual continuous contact are described here by a force model that accounts for the geometric and material characteristics of the journal and bearing. In most of the machines and mechanisms, the joints are designed to operate with some lubricant fluid. The high pressures generated in the lubricant fluid act to keep the journal and the bearing surfaces apart. Moreover, the lubricant provides protection against wear and tear. The equations governing the dynamical behavior of the general mechanical systems incorporate the impact force due to the joint clearance without lubricant, as well as the hydrodynamic forces owing to the lubrication effect. A continuous contact model provides the intra-joint impact forces. The friction effects due to the contact in the joints are also represented. In addition, a general methodology for modeling lubricated revolute joints in multibody mechanical systems is also presented. Results for a slider-crank mechanism with a revolute clearance joint between the connecting rod and the slider are presented and used to discuss the assumptions and procedures adopted.     

Numerical investigation of a flexible slider–crank mechanism with multijoints with clearance

This paper aims to study the dynamic behavior of a slider–crank mechanism with flexible components and a multijoint clearance. A numerical investigation was developed for this objective. The mechanism model used for the simulation tests has been performed under MSC ADAMS software using the contact force under the “Impact-function” library. The obtained results illustrate that the mechanism performance is more significantly influenced with multiple joints with clearance. Three contact modes are involved: (i) a continuous contact motion, (ii) a free motion, and (iii) an impact motion. Numerical outcomes prove that the clearance dimension and location have a determinant effect on the slider responses precision. The mechanism reliability decay and a random overall behavior govern the dynamic response along the free flight mode.     

涡轮叶尖间隙动态建模的LS-SVM方法

为了延长现代航空发动机的工作寿命,提高其工作性能及降低耗油率,叶尖间隙主动控制技术成为国内外的一个研究热点。叶尖间隙的动态建模是实现叶尖间隙主动控制的关键技术。为此,首先对涡轮叶尖间隙的变化机理进行初步分析,分析了涡轮叶尖间隙在温度、离心力及机动飞行下的变化规律,然后,研究了适用于叶尖间隙动态建模的最小二乘支持向量机方法。仿真结果表明:最小二乘支持向量机在叶尖间隙动态建模中具有良好的实用性及可靠性,即使叶尖间隙的动态变化存在严重非线性,也仍然有效。     

Dynamic analysis of planar multi-body systems with LuGre friction at differently located revolute clearance joints

In this paper, the dynamic response of a planar rigid multi-body system with stick?Cslip friction in revolute clearance joints is studied. LuGre friction law is proposed to model the stick?Cslip friction at the revolute clearance joints. This is because using this law, one can capture the variation of the friction force with slip velocity, thus making it suitable for studies involving stick?Cslip motions. The effective coefficient of friction is represented as a function of the relative tangential velocity of the contacting bodies, that is, the journal and the bearing, and an internal state. In LuGre friction model, the internal state is considered to be the average bristle deflection of the contacting bodies. By applying the LuGre friction law on a typical slider?Ccrank mechanism, the friction force in the revolute joint having clearance is seen not to have a discontinuity at zero slip velocity throughout the simulation unlike in static friction models. In addition, LuGre model was observed to capture the Stribeck effect which is a phenomenon associated directly with stick?Cslip friction. The friction forces are seen to increase with increase in input speed. The effect of stick?Cslip friction on the overall dynamic behavior of a mechanical system at different speeds was seen to vary from one clearance joint to another.     

具有时滞的柔性关节多机械臂协同自适应位置/力控制

由于关节机械臂长期运行后,齿轮间隙扩大产生的时间滞后将使得系统跟踪性能降低.针对此问题,本文提出了一种自适应位置/力控制策略来保证闭环系统稳定性以及位置/力跟踪性能.首先,对多机械臂和物体系统进行任务空间动力学建模.随后,利用Pade理论将时间滞后近似为二阶有理分式.同时,利用神经网络自适应算法克服模型建模误差对系统稳定性的影响,利用同时包含位置误差和力误差的线性滑模项,设计位置/力控制器.通过李雅普诺夫稳定性理论,证明控制策略能实现位置误差和内力误差的渐近收敛.最后,仿真验证证明所设计控制策略的有效性.