一种简化的整合-激发模型分析

针对Lapicque提出的整合-激发模型,给出了一种新的侧抑制连接的整合一激发网络模型及其输入-输出关系.较以往的整合-激发模型,模型的活动方程被大大简化了.其运行结果很好地拟合了神经细胞的牛理特性,尤其是模型较好地匹配了突触连接的非线性特性.对点火机制进行了改进,采用不同于以往的离散值的异步点火机制.使得网络的适应性有了很大的提高.在图像辨识中,方法显示出动态的特性,并具有自动波的传播特性.     

支持时间无关激活的分布对象中间件异步模型

时间无关的异步激活方式对于大规模分布式应用、移动应用和企业应用集成都具有重要意义．目前的分布对象中间件虽然支持回调和轮询两种异步机制，但是都不支持时间无关的异步激活方式．针对这一问题，本文基于国防科学技术大学计算机学院在分布对象中间件Starbus平台异步模型方面的研究成果，提出了一种新的异步模型RAAM(Router Agent based Asynchronous Model)，该模型能够支持消息的异步传递和时间无关的激活方式，同时对消息的服务质量提供了很好的支持．在自主研发的分布计算平台Starbus异步子系统中实现了RAAM模型，并与相关工作进行了比较．     

如何用Java回调和线程实现异步调用

异步调用是一种非阻塞式调用方式,用于在处理比较耗时的任务时保证程序性能不受到影响。实现异步调用的关键在于要解决三个技术问题,它们分别是程序阻塞问题、异步消息的传递问题和超时问题。本文介绍的开发方法和步骤采用并发线程、回调机制和计时器圆满地解决了异步调用的技术难题。     

异步集成电路设计方法综述

异步电路相对同步电路而言具有无时钟偏斜、模块化程度高、功耗低、电磁兼容性强等优势,越来越受到人们的广泛关注.异步电路设计方法是异步电路研究中的一个重点,文中将异步电路设计方法的发展历程划分为3个阶段,并着重对第3个阶段的设计方法进行了综述.根据设计方法的描述方式和设计粒度,首先将第3阶段进一步划分为语法驱动转换的设计方法、同步-异步转换的设计方法和基于定制的细粒度高性能异步流水线设计方法3类;然后从设计方法的理论基础、电路模型、设计自动化程度、电路性能等多个角度进行介绍并比较.最后对异步电路设计方法未来的发展趋势进行了展望.     

异步电动机软起动控制系统的建模

该文介绍异步电动机软起动过程,分析了异步电动机软起动控制的基本原理,应用Matlab中的Simulink搭建了基于交流调压方式的三相异步电动机软起动控制系统的仿真模型。     

基于分布对象的异步消息的研究与实现

<正> 本文提出了一种新型的基于分布对象的异步消息模型,重点论述了该模型所提供的异步调用、存储-转发、对象迁移、消息组播等基本通信问题。基于该模型,研究了构建复杂分布式系统时所面临的消息寻径、消息可靠传递、性能保障等技术问题。本文的主要工作包括: (1)针对异步、松耦合通信模式的需求,提出一个基于分布对象的异步消息模型的形式定义。该模型采用事件驱动的方式管理远程调用,支持异步回调和异步轮询     

串行通信协议的研究与实现

分析了串行异步通信协议中涉及的传输模式、流量控制、传输透明性、数据校验、加密方式等问题,提出了开发一个高效的串行异步通信协议的方法,并以实例进行了具体描述.     

基于负载率的异步机经济运行的研究

针对三相异步机在空载或者轻载状态时往往处于非经济运行状态的问题。以GB12497—95《三相异步电动机经济运行》国家标准为依据，全面分析和研究了三相交流异步机的经济运行问题。基于综合经济负载率提出了综合效率的概念。并以此为标准提出了经济运行状态的判定原则。对不同负载率情况下两台异步机综合效率的仿真计算进行分析，发现很多文献所倡导的轻载降压运行方式，并不能使异步机在整个负载率范围内达到经济运行标准。指出变频调速和软启动技术应该大力推广应用。     

异步协同的实现方法及应用

异步协同是群体重要的协同工作方式之一。本文以远程诊断为背景，论述了基于Ｅ－ＭＡＬＬ、基于ＥＤＢＭＳ、基于交互捕获和回放三种异步协同的实现方法。     

RTU异步系统陷入（AST）的功能与实现

异步系统陷入(AST)是对优先级中断的软件模拟,它是RTU操作系统的一种进程通讯方式。本文介绍了异步系统陷入(AST)的功能,并详细讨论了它的实现过程。     

Integration | Innovation | Inclusion: Values,Variables and the Design of Human Environments

Complexity, complication, contradiction, consumption, confusion, delusion, depression. Opportunity, inspiration, ingenuity, compassion, wisdom. Our world is perplexing, our times are fast moving, and our choices are many. To find an appropriate path is a daunting yet vital challenge that confronts us as individuals, as communities, and as a civilization. How sustainable is our world? How reasonable are our behaviors? The present article is a collection of thoughts on a series of intertwined issues related to the contemporary world, its environmental dimensions, and their present-day problems. The goal is to survey the landscape through a lens of Environmental Design, to provide some perspectives, to raise some questions, and to explore systems, beliefs, and values informing and influencing actions. It is important to consider how people's belief systems influence, inform, and shape actions. This holds true in realms political, spiritual, and cultural. It also proves relevant in the ways in which we imagine, design, develop, and construct our buildings, cities, spaces, and places.

Appropriate solutions to some of our most daunting problems will arise through the concerted efforts, open dialogue, and collective wisdom of the wide array of stakeholders, professionals, politicians, decision makers, and citizens (both engaged and disenfranchised) who have the will and wherewithal to make a difference and to make the world safer, healthier, and better. It seems vital for us to critically examine, and question, our belief systems and their connections to the ways we define, refine, and realize progress. Architecture and Environmental Design, in both a philosophical and a practical sense, reflect as well as form greater aspirations, directions, and events of our times.     

Human factors in support of a successful railway: a review

One of the critical infrastructure components in most economies across the world is the rail network. In different nations rail is responsible for ensuring that there is not complete gridlock on the roads in commuter hours, and for moving both people and freight for long distances in an as efficient manner as possible. This critical role, a number of high profile accidents and proposals for new network control philosophies and systems have led to a great upsurge in human factors rail research and applications in the past few years. This paper provides a retrospective on rail human factors research covering driving, signalling and control, maintenance, incident reporting systems, passengers and the public, planning and technical systems change. This research foundation, and also current major rail human factors programmes, are placed in the context of technology, investment, competition, cultural and safety requirements and constraints. The paper concludes with an examination of where rail human factors should and will be going into the future. Rail human factors research has grown rapidly in both quantity and quality of output over the past few years. There was an early base of work at a few institutions carried out over the 1960 s and 1970 s, followed by a lull in the 1980 s and early 1990 s. The continual influences of safety concerns, new technical system opportunities, reorganisation of the business, needs to increase effective, reliable and safe use of capacity, and increased society, media and government interest have now accelerated rail human factors research programmes in several countries. In this paper we review the literature on rail human factors research, covering driving, signalling and control, maintenance, reporting systems, passenger interests, planning and technical systems change. Current major rail human factors programmes are summarised and future research needs proposed. It is asserted that general human factors models and methods are being re-assessed, and new ones developed, to meet the requirements of the railways. This paper has, with the agreement of all editors concerned, been published in substantially similar form as: Wilson J. R. and Norris B. J., 2005, Rail human factors: past, present and future. Applied Ergonomics, 36, 6, 649–660.     

社会Agent的BDO模型

目前MAS中思维状态的研究趋势是在个体模型中加入社会思维属性,研究社会承诺、依赖、联合意图的推理关系。在BDI模型中,以意图为中心的观点不描述社会Agent。该文分析了以竭力为中心的Agent思维状态研究存在的问题,提出MAS的分层模型,并提出以信念、愿望和义务作为基本思维属性（简称BDO）来描述Agent的思维状态和社会属性,给出了BDO逻辑和语义模型,考虑了奖励、惩罚、承诺和承诺解除问题,并对队、组织、组织意图等现象给出了描述。该文力图更自然地描述社会性Agent的思维状态和群体概念,是对Rao和Georgeff提出的BDI模型的改进。最后通过一个例子说明了BDO的表达能力。进一步的工作包括建立更为完善的语义模型、结合各个思维属性的动态修正语义给出BDO Agent的动态模型以及给出基于BDO逻辑框架的Agent／MAS实现结构。     

An LMI approach to robust reduced-order H ∞ filter design for polytopic uncertain systems

This paper proposes a method for robust reduced-order H _∞ filter design for polytopic uncertain systems, using linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). Sufficient LMI conditions for both robust full- and reduced-order H _∞ filter design are derived. Convex optimization problems are formulated and solved to obtain optimal H _∞ filters by using the resulting LMI conditions. The resulting conditions do not involve any non-convex rank constraints, and thus the proposed method for H _∞ filter design guarantees global optimum solutions. Numerical examples are presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed method. Recommended by Editorial Board member Huanshui Zhang under the direction of Editor Young Il Lee. This work was supported by the Brain Korea 21 Project and the Basic Research Program of the Korea Science and Engineering Foundation under grant R01-2006-000-11373-0. Hyoun-Chul Choi received the B.S., M.S., and Ph.D. degrees in Control and Instrumentation Engineering from Ajou University, Suwon, Korea, in 1995, 1997, and 2006, respectively. He was a Visiting Researcher at Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia, from 2001 to 2002, and a Postdoctoral researcher at Ajou University, Suwon, Korea, from 2006 to 2007. Since 2008, he has been with ASRI, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea, where he is currently a Postdoctoral Researcher. His research interests include LMI-based control, optimal and robust control, network-based control, and mechatronics. Dongkyoung Chwa received the B.S. and M.S. degrees from the Department of Control and Instrumentation Engineering in 1995 and 1997, respectively, and the Ph.D. degree from the School of Electrical and Computer Engineering in 2001, all from Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea. From 2001 to 2003, he was a Postdoctoral Researcher with Seoul National University. In 2003, he was a Visiting Research Fellow at The University of New South Wales, Australian Defence Force Academy, and was the Honorary Visiting Academic at the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia. In 2004, he was a BK21 Assistant Professor with Seoul National University. Since 2005, he has been an Assistant Professor with the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon, Korea. His research interests are nonlinear, robust, and adaptive control theories and their applications to the robotics, underactuated systems including wheeled mobile robots, underactuated ships, cranes, and guidance and control of flight systems. Suk-Kyo Hong received the B.S., M.S., and Ph.D. degrees in Electrical Engineering from Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea, in 1971, 1973, and 1981, respectively. His major graduate research works were centered on speed control of induction motors. He was an Exchange Professor at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, from 1982 to 1983, and at the Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique, France, from 1988 to 1989. He has been with the faculty of the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon, Korea, since 1976, and was a Visiting Professor at Griffith University, Australia, in 2001 and 2002. His current research interests include robust robot control, microprocessor applications, factory automation, and computer integrated manufacturing.     

多约束下多无人机的任务规划研究综述

高度信息化的发展使得无人机作战优势凸显。准确的无人机任务规划技术是完成给定任务的重要保障。任务分配、路径规划是构成无人机任务规划技术的两个核心部分。基于该技术,首先讨论了无人机任务规划的发展状况、分类标准、体系结构。其次,分别详细介绍了影响任务分配、路径规划的重要指标,如分类标准、约束指标、相应模型、代表算法、评价指标等,然后,分别分析对比求解任务分配的启发式算法、数学规划方法、随机智能优化算法的优缺点和求解路径规划的数学规划方法、人工势场法、基于图形学法、智能优化算法的优缺点;最后,总结了无人机任务规划存在的开放性问题、未来发展方向和研究重点。     

基于RGB-D信息的移动机器人SLAM和路径规划方法研究与实现

移动机器人在各种辅助任务中需具备自主定位、建图、路径规划与运动控制的能力。本文利用RGB-D信息和ORB-SLAM算法进行自主定位,结合点云数据和GMapping算法建立环境栅格地图,基于二次规划方法进行平滑可解析的路径规划,并设计非线性控制器,实现了由一个运动底盘、一个RGB-D传感器和一个运算平台组成的自主移动机器人系统。经实验验证,这一系统实现了复杂室内环境下的实时定位与建图、自主移动和障碍物规避。由此,为移动机器人的推广应用提供了一个硬件结构简单、性能良好、易扩展、经济性好、开发维护方便的解决方案。     

Remote sensing of soil salinity: potentials and constraints

Soil salinity caused by natural or human-induced processes is a major environmental hazard. The global extent of primary salt-affected soils is about 955 M ha, while secondary salinization affects some 77 M ha, with 58% of these in irrigated areas. Nearly 20% of all irrigated land is salt-affected, and this proportion tends to increase in spite of considerable efforts dedicated to land reclamation. This requires careful monitoring of the soil salinity status and variation to curb degradation trends, and secure sustainable land use and management. Multitemporal optical and microwave remote sensing can significantly contribute to detecting temporal changes of salt-related surface features. Airborne geophysics and ground-based electromagnetic induction meters, combined with ground data, have shown potential for mapping depth of salinity occurrence. This paper reviews various sensors (e.g. aerial photographs, satellite- and airborne multispectral sensors, microwave sensors, video imagery, airborne geophysics, hyperspectral sensors, and electromagnetic induction meters) and approaches used for remote identification and mapping of salt-affected areas. Constraints on the use of remote sensing data for mapping salt-affected areas are shown related to the spectral behaviour of salt types, spatial distribution of salts on the terrain surface, temporal changes on salinity, interference of vegetation, and spectral confusions with other terrain surfaces.As raw remote sensing data need substantial transformation for proper feature recognition and mapping, techniques such as spectral unmixing, maximum likelihood classification, fuzzy classification, band ratioing, principal components analysis, and correlation equations are discussed. Lastly, the paper presents modelling of temporal and spatial changes of salinity using combined approaches that incorporate different data fusion and data integration techniques.     

区块链关键技术的研究进展

区块链是一种将时序数据以链式结构组合而成、以密码学机制保证交易数据不可篡改的分布式账本,是一种新型分布式计算模式与去中心化基础构架。区块链技术具有去中心化、建立信任关系、集体维护、交易公平和透明、不可篡改、可溯源等特征,已成为工业界和学术界的研究热点。介绍了区块链的组成元素,详细阐述了区块链的基本原理、智能合约、共识机制等关键技术,结合金融、物联网、供应链、医疗系统应用场景,讨论了其利用区块链技术的优化方向。总结了区块链技术在安全、效率、隐私保护等方面存在的不足,给出了相应的应对措施。提出了改进共识机制、匿名性和系统吞吐量的有效方法,为区块链技术的进一步发展和完善提供有益的借鉴和指导。     

新闻推荐算法可信评价研究

随着AI、5G、AR/VR等新技术的快速发展,内容类应用如电子商务、社交网络、短视频等层出不穷,导致信息过载问题日益严重。人工智能技术的发展推动了智能算法的爆炸式运用,作为智能算法的一种,推荐算法在大数据、应用场景和计算力的推动下,通过信息过滤技术,为用户提供适应兴趣及行为的个性化及高质量的推荐服务,逐步提高了用户的使用体验、内容分发效率,在一定程度上缓解了信息过载的问题。但推荐算法的潜在偏见、黑盒化特性及内容分发方式也逐渐带来了决策结果不公平性、不可解释性,信息茧房、侵犯用户隐私等安全挑战。如何提高推荐算法的可解释性、公平性、可信程度等越来越受到国内外政府监管部门、产业及学术界的重点关注,推荐系统和推荐算法也由此从发展期进入管制期。为此,本文针对新闻推荐领域,分析推荐算法的稿件画像、用户画像、推荐推送、反馈干预和人工复审等关键要素,围绕推荐算法生态的参与者,如内容生产者、受众、算法模型、新闻平台,从公平性、可解释性和抗抵赖性三个方面提出了一种新闻推荐算法可信评价体系,并进行定量或定性分析。公平性、可解释性和抗抵赖性是正相关关系,当公平性和抗抵赖性越强、可解释程度越高,新闻推荐算法的可信度越高。希望弥补新闻推荐算法领域的可信研究的空白,建立可信推荐算法生态,加速安全推荐系统的建立和推广,同时为智能算法可信研究提供参考,为智能算法的监管和治理提供思路。