基于BP神经网络固相流量的在线检测

气固两相流中固相流量的在线测量对气固两相流工业过程的检测和控制具有重要的意义。现以电厂煤粉气力输送的气固两相流中煤粉质量的在线测量为背景,提出基于神经网络的固相质量流量的测量方案,并对使用的BP算法进行几点改进。最后实验结果表明,这种基于神经网络的固相质量流量测量方案是行之有效的,并且具有简单易行和普遍适用的特点。     

超声法测量气固两相流传感器选取研究

超声法因其穿透性好、精度高等优点成为气固两相流参数检测的一个新趋势.由于超声波在空气中衰减较大,因此,选择合适的超声波传感器对于气固两相流参数检测至关重要.通过运用有限元软件COMSOL构建超声法测量气固两相流的仿真模型,研究接收装置接收信号的大小与气固两相流固相颗粒的粒径和发射频率的关系,为实际测量选取超声波传感器提供了理论依据和指导建议.     

形态滤波和空间滤波在两相流速度测量中的应用

为了快速、准确地对气固两相流速度进行测量,介绍一种利用形态滤波和空间滤波处理气固两相流信号的基本方法,首先研究电容传感器的空间滤波效应,并找出固体速度和电容传感器带宽之间的关系.然后通过对一维形态滤波算法理论进行分析,推导出可用于实时运算的形态滤波方法,此方法具有处理速度快,滤波效果好,适用性广的特点,可应用于多种信号的实时处理中.然后利用形态滤波确定传感器的带宽,进而求出固体速度.最后给出仿真实验结果,仿真实验结果表明:该方法可以满足气固两相流速度的测量要求.     

机车闸瓦自动测温系统的研究与实现

针对机车制动过程中出现的故障难以测量和及时发现，该文分析了引发机车制动故障的原因及其各种检测方案的比较，提出了直接测量闸瓦温度以及利用USB接口替代传统的RS232接口的解决办法;对机车的12个轮对进行实时温度监测、显示、语音报警、数据记录、USB转储以及地面分析,并给出了相应的主控板硬件电路设计原理图、USB转储卡电路原理图以及系统主程序流程图;经检验，该系统各项性能指标均符合设计要求，可以投入实际使用。     

双弯管法煤粉质量流量检测

双弯管法是一种基于弯管单相流测量原理的气固两相流固相质量流量测量方法,其测量结果与输入参数间非线性关系非常复杂,直接影响其测量精度.在双弯管法固相质量流量测量原理基础上,利用人工神经网络优良的非线性映射能力,建立了一种带有附加动量项的BP神经网络软测量模型,并在气固两相流测量实验平台上进行了实验研究.以实验数据为样本对双弯管法软测量模型进行训练,仿真结果与实验数据一致性较好,测量误差小于6％,为煤粉质量流量实时在线测量提供了一种行之有效的方法.     

基于USB3.0的多通道叶尖间隙数据采集系统设计

动叶片与发动机机匣之间的叶尖间隙参数是反映航空发动机工作性能和运行安全的关键状态参数之一。多级多叶片叶尖间隙同时进行测量时，叶尖间隙测量数据量巨大，多通道数据快速处理与传输至关重要。设计了基于USB3.0的4通道叶尖间隙数据采集系统，提出了全采集和在板处理两种数据处理方法。利用FPGA高速并行处理多路ADC量化数据，通过USB3.0总线将预处理后数据传输至计算机，以进行数据后处理、显示与存储。通过实验验证了数据采集系统的有效性，USB3.0接口的数据传输带宽可达400 MB/s，系统理论上可扩展至32通道叶尖间隙信号输入。数据采集系统可同时满足叶尖间隙离线数据分析和实时在线监测的不同测量需求，设计方法在叶尖间隙测量工程应用方面具有重要意义。     

相关法在气固两相流测量中的应用研究

介绍采用相关法试制的带微处理要控制的电容式颗粒速度测量装置。该装置不仅能连续监测气固两相流中的颗粒流动瞬时特征，而且能对数据进行分析，瞬时值及统计平均值用数显示方式显示，系统还具有过程报警，外接打印等多功能。     

热式复合传感器分析

由热式复合传感器构成的测量系统可以实现气固两相流的固相质量流量测量，在应用中该传感器存在一定的热惯性和滞后特性。建立了热式复合传感器的数学模型，对模型进行了仿真，求出了该传感器的时间常数和滞后系数，并得出了环境温度变化不影响传感器输出的结论。     

便携式数据采集控制系统的实现及应用

本文提出了一种基于USB的便携式数据采集控制系统,对控制系统的硬件结构、USB控制器与单片机硬件连接、USB数据传输系统的软件设计等方面进行了详细介绍。并应用于试验机测量钢绞线的力学性能,测试结果表明该系统数据传输快,实时性强,可靠性好,测试精度高。     

基于单片机的棉纤维测色仪系统研究

以三刺激色以及色度学检测原理为基础,运用单片机实现检测的自动化、智能化。使用扫描仪作为系统输入,然后通过使用USB数据总线完成模数转换,经USB接口芯片直接给单片机以数字信号进行数据处理,完成对棉纤维的白度的测量,从而方便、快捷、准确地测量出棉纤维的白度。     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.     

Editorial: Special issue on recent advances in hybrid control theory and applications

正The demands of a rapidly advancing technology for faster and more accurate controllers have always had a strong influence on the progress of automatic control theory.In recent years control problems have been arising with increasing frequency in widely different areas,which cannot be addressed using conventional control techniques.The principal reason for this is the fact that a highly competitive economy is forcing systems to operate in regimes where     

Information for Authors

正Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)areedited by the international board of distinguished Chinese andforeign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest devel-opments and achievements in scientific research in China andoverseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulateand promote academic exchange between Chinese and for-eign scientists everywhere.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.