基于虚拟化技术的Rocks高性能集群的建立与应用

集群是目前高性能计算机系统主要的解决方案。随着集群规模的扩大。也出现了不易安装与管理、故障率高、缺乏方便的并行程序开发调试环境等问题。本文在集群安装软件包Rocks的基础上。结合Xen虚拟化技术构建了一个高性能虚拟集群,从而简化了集群的组建与管理,并提高了系统可靠性与容错性能及并行程序开发效率。     

异构环境下MPI程序Cache访问的单机模拟

Cache模拟工具可以在单机上模拟运行于异构环境下的并行程序的Cache访问。用户依照自己的需求指定Cache模型参数及替换算法，对每个进程中的某一段进行模拟，使并行程序中每个或每组子进程/线程分别对应一个Cache模型，从而同时得到每个或每组子进程/线程的Cache访问参数。使用单机Cache模拟环境降低了并行程序的Cache模拟对实际并行环境的依赖。同时，用户还可以很方便地在其基础上扩展并使用自行开发的替换算法或进程通信模块功能，适应了不同用户对并行程序Cache模拟工具的需要。     

基于Xen的虚拟显示性能测试与评价

针对虚拟化环境下图形显示的特点,该文充分考虑了在虚拟化环境下显示性能的特殊性,选取了六个不同的应用,将其作为评价虚拟化环境下显示性能的重要指标;与此同时提出了一个虚拟化环境下虚拟机显示性能的评价标准,作为判断虚拟环境下虚拟机显示性能好坏的依据。     

并行程序性能分析系统的研究

在并行程序的开发过程中，常常会出现负载不平衡、通讯开销过大、同步等待等一些导致计算机系统性能降低的因素。为了克服这些问题，及时对并行程序进行性能分析是十分重要的．在[1]、[2]、[3]中虽然对并行程序的性能分析作了一些研究，但都没有实现对并行程序的全局住分析，作者在对并行程序的运行状态进行分析的基础上，研究和开发了一个住能分析系统，它能自动地提取描述程序运行过程的真实数据，依据这些数据描述并行程序的各种性能指标，并对影响并行程序运行性能的原因作出直观的图形表述。     

并行程序性能数据采集的设计与实现

本文以并行３ＬＦＯＲＴＲＡＮ源程序为分析对象．阐述了并行程序运行可视化技术中的关键环节──有关并行程序运行时性能数据的采集系统的设计思路及实现方案，并通过一实例进行了说明．     

基于Xen的虚拟显示性能测试与评价

针对虚拟化环境下图形显示的特点,该文充分考虑了在虚拟化环境下显示性能的特殊性,选取了六个不同的应用．将其作为评价虚拟化环境下显示性能的重要指标;与此同时提出了一个虚拟化环境下虚拟机显示性能的评价标准．作为判断虚拟环境下虚拟机显示性能好坏的依据。     

虚拟化技术在医疗信息管理中的应用

如何管理运行环境不同的服务系统以及对这些系统进行集中管理是如今很多医院急需解决的问题,利用虚拟化技术可以将系统分隔成若干个独立的子系统,不同的服务系统可以独立、互不干扰地工作。本文主要介绍了虚拟化技术的概念和优点以及虚拟化技术在医疗信息管理中的应用等方面。     

JPI:基于纯Java语言的异构并行处理支持平台

针对使用Ｐａｒａｌｌｅｌ Ｖｉｒｕａｌ Ｍａｃｈｉｎｅl（ＰＶＭ）和ＭｅｓｓａｇｅＰａｓｓｉｎｇ Ｉｎｔｅｒｆａｃｅ（ＭＰＩ）软件包的解决方案,该软件包用纯Ｊａｖａ语言实现了类似于ＰＶＭ和ＭＰＩ所提供的任务调度、通信和全局归约操作等方面的功能,基于ＪＰＩ的并行程序的运行和性能测试表明,ＪＰＩ不仅解决了并行程序在异构环境中的无缝移植问题,并且能够为包括网络密集型在内的并行程度提供有效的开发、运行支持。     

调试器对并行程序干扰特性的研究

机群系统中并行程序的执行具有不确定性，这种不确定性给并行程序的调试带来了困难，并行程序的不确定性是由运行环境中的各种干扰因素造成的，该文研究交互式调试行为对调试程序的干扰特性，文中给出了算法可以在调试的过程中实时地报告出本次交互式调试操作是否对调试的程序造成了干扰。     

基于多核CPU的并行程序在指控系统中的应用

简单介绍了多核处理器产生背景和原理,分析了多核处理器和基于多线程的并行程序设计在指控系统中的应用前景,介绍了并行应用的编程过程。最后在Microsoft Visual Studio.Net 2005环境下采用OpenMP编程实现了指控系统中一个算法的并行化,并根据多次运行给出该程序在不同线程数目下的平均耗时,验证和分析了基于多核CPU的并行程序的性能。     

基于插桩技术的并行程序性能分析方法设计和实现*

介绍了一种异构环境下的并行调试及性能分析工具ParaVT的设计方法和实现.通过对并行程序源代码的分析处理,利用自动插桩模板插入用于调试和性能分析的用户代码,从而对并行程序进行断点调试和性能参数收集,达到进一步优化程序设计的目的.     

Machine independent AND and OR parallel execution of logicprograms. II. Compiled execution

For pt.I. see ibid., p. 170-80. In pt.I, we presented a binding environment for the AND and OR parallel execution of logic programs. This environment was instrumental in rendering a compiler for the AND and OR parallel execution of logic programs machine independent. In this paper, we describe a compiler based on the Reduce-OR process model (ROPM) for the parallel execution of Prolog programs, and provide performance of the compiler on five parallel machines: the Encore Multimax, the Sequent Symmetry, the NCUBE 2, the Intel i860 hypercube and a network of Sun workstations. The compiler is part of a machine independent parallel Prolog development system built on top of a run time environment for parallel programming called the Chare kernel, and runs unchanged on these multiprocessors. In keeping with the objectives behind the ROPM, the compiler supports both on and independent AND parallelism in Prolog programs and is suitable for execution on both shared and nonshared memory machines. We discuss the performance of the Prolog compiler in some detail and describe how grain size can be used to deliver performance that is within 10% of the underlying sequential Prolog compiler on one processor, and scale linearly with increasing number of processors on problems exhibiting sufficient parallelism. The loose coupling between parallel and sequential components makes it possible to use the best available sequential compiler as the sequential component of our compiler     

水声环境特征参数并行预报方法研究

随着水声装备的快速发展,其性能发挥与海洋环境的耦合越来越紧密,如何为水声传感器提供长时间、大范围、精细化水声环境参数信息,对优化水声传感器设计,充分发挥其探测性能,实现海洋环境与传感器性能发挥的最佳匹配具有重要意义。利用MPI并行编程环境开发了水声环境特征参数并行预报程序,实现了水声环境特征参数的快速预报,针对并行程序存在的任务负载不均衡问题,分析了造成负载分配不均衡的原因,给出了性能优化的策略和方法。测试结果表明,优化后的并行程序,负载均衡问题得到了有效改善,计算时间大幅缩短,大大提升了水声环境参数预报能力。     

Dynamically adapting to system load and program behavior in multiprogrammed multiprocessor systems

Parallel execution of application programs on a multiprocessor system may lead to performance degradation if the workload of a parallel region is not large enough to amortize the overheads associated with the parallel execution. Furthermore, if too many processes are running on the system in a multiprogrammed environment, the performance of the parallel application may degrade due to resource contention. This work proposes a comprehensive dynamic processor allocation scheme that takes both program behavior and system load into consideration when dynamically allocating processors. This mechanism was implemented on the Solaris operating system to dynamically control the execution of parallel C and Java application programs. Performance results show the effectiveness of this scheme in dynamically adapting to the current execution environment and program behavior, and that it outperforms a conventional time‐shared system. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A graphical development and debugging environment for parallel programs

To provide high-level graphical support for PVM (Parallel Virtual Machine) based program development, a complex programming environment (GRADE) is being developed. GRADE currently provides tools to construct, execute, debug, monitor and visualize message-passing parallel programs. It offers a high-level graphical programming abstraction mechanism to construct parallel applications by introducing a new graphical language called GRAPNEL. GRADE also provides the programmer with the same graphical user interface during the program design and debugging stages. A distributed debugging engine (DDBG) assists the user in debugging GRAPNEL programs on distributed memory computer architectures. Tape/PVM and PROVE support the performance monitoring and visualization of parallel programs developed in the GRADE environment.     

PVM动态跟踪机制的改进和扩充

本文介绍了并行程序动态性能监测的一般概念和方法。在分析ＰＶＭ内部跟踪机制及其在动态跟踪方面缺陷的基础上,对其进行了相应的改进和扩充,并在一个基于ＰＶＭ的并行程序可视化性能分析系统ＶＥＮＵＳ中得到了实现。     

Program structuring for effective parallel portability

The tension between software development costs and efficiency is especially high when considering parallel programs intended to run on a variety of architectures. In the domain of shared memory architectures and explicitly parallel programs, the authors have addressed this problem by defining a programming structure that eases the development of effectively portable programs. On each target multiprocessor, an effectively portable program runs almost as efficiently as a program fine-tuned for that machine. Additionally, its software development cost is close to that of a single program that is portable across the targets. Using this model, programs are defined in terms of data structure and partitioning-scheduling abstractions. Low software development cost is attained by writing source programs in terms of abstract interfaces and thereby requiring minimal modification to port; high performance is attained by matching (often dynamically) the interfaces to implementations that are most appropriate to the execution environment. The authors include results of a prototype used to evaluate the benefits and costs of this approach     

面向Open64的OpenMP程序优化

OpenMP规范了一系列的编译制导、环境变量和运行库,具有简单、可移植、支持增量并行等优点.但同时,采用FORK-JOIN模型所引起的频繁的线程管理开销也是制约OpenMP程序性能的瓶颈之一.本文讨论了如何利用并行区的合并与扩展,实现并行区的重构,并在此基础上利用Open64的IPA优化部件所提供的全局间过程分析能力,实现跨越过程边界的并行块的合并.最终实验表明,该方法有效地改进了OpenMP程序的运行性能.     

Software support for multiprocessor latency measurement andevaluation

Parallel computing scalability evaluates the extent to which parallel programs and architectures can effectively utilize increasing numbers of processors. In this paper, we compare a group of existing scalability metrics and evaluation models with an experimental metric which uses network latency to measure and evaluate the scalability of parallel programs and architectures. To provide insight into dynamic system performance, we have developed an integrated software environment prototype for measuring and evaluating multiprocessor scalability performance, called Scale-Graph. Scale-Graph uses a graphical instrumentation monitor to collect, measure and analyze latency-related data, and to display scalability performance based on various program execution patterns. The graphical software tool is X-Windows based and is currently implemented on standard workstations to analyze performance data of the KSR-1, a hierarchical ring-based shared-memory architecture