春季太湖叶绿素a浓度的光谱估算与分析评价

2011年3月27日于太湖梅梁湾和湖心区域进行光谱数据采集,同步水质理化分析数据得到叶绿素a浓度区间为4.99μg/L～31.06μg/L。基于较低叶绿素a浓度水平的实测光谱数据及同步的理化分析数据分别采用二波段模型、光谱反射率一阶微分模型、反射峰位置模型、三波段模型和四波段模型对梅梁湾和湖心区域的叶绿素a浓度进行建模遥感估算。5个模型的回归分析结果对应R2分别为0.775,0.811,0.786,0.826和0.846,RMSE分别为4.02μg/L,3.52μg/L,3.82μg/L,3.44μg/L和3.24μg/L。并针对春季较低叶绿素a浓度水平下的光谱估算模型在应用价值和精度方面做了比较评价。     

应用MODIS监测太湖水体叶绿素a浓度季节变化研究

以太湖作为实验区,利用波段比值、差值和组合算法讨论了非成像及成像高光谱数据和叶绿素浓度相关性差异和敏感波段分布,在此基础上将不同时段的MODIS影像,不同空间分辨率的波段反射率与叶绿素a浓度实测值进行相关分析,通过回归拟合建立并验证了不同季节的叶绿素a浓度遥感监测模型,并应用模型计算出太湖水体叶绿素a浓度的分布情况,对太湖水质变化进行了评价.研究结果表明,MODIS影像在太湖的水质动态变化监测中是可用的.     

新庙泡叶绿素a浓度高光谱定量模型研究

利用吉林省新庙泡的高光谱实测数据和水质采样分析数据,尝试通过单波段、波段比值、一阶微分和峰谷间距法建立叶绿素a反演模型。结果表明:单波段光谱反射率与叶绿素a浓度的相关性较差,不宜用于该区域的叶绿素a浓度估算;680 nm和700 nm波段反射率之比、700 nm处光谱一阶微分值和两波段峰谷间距反演模型都具有较高的决定系数,分别为0.783 4、0.792 7、0.796 9,验证模型的决定系数为0.651 3、0.431 7、0.756 4,均方根误差分别为8.69μg·L-1、14.50μg·L-1、10.04μg·L-1,显著水平P<0.01。这3种方法皆可以用于新庙泡叶绿素a浓度的定量遥感,其中又以峰谷间距法为最优。     

基于GF6-WFV数据的中国东部典型湖库叶绿素a浓度反演

高分六号中分辨率宽幅相机(GF6-WFV)设计了两个红边波段,具有水体叶绿素a浓度监测的潜力。实验选取官厅水库、陆浑水库和白洋淀等6个中国东部典型湖库为研究区,获取141个采样点实测光谱和叶绿素a浓度数据。基于实测数据对4种常用的叶绿素a浓度反演半经验模型进行参数优化和模型精度验证,选取最优反演模型。结果表明,GF6-WFV数据新增红边Ⅰ波段(B5:710 nm)和红波段(B3:660 nm)构建的两波段比值模型反演精度较高,相关系数平方(R²)为0.89,平均相对误差(MRE)为34.71%,均方根误差(RMSE)为13.29 mg/m³。研究表明：利用GF6-WFV影像数据能有效反演水体叶绿素a浓度,研究基于多湖库、多时相数据建立的GF6-WFV影像水体叶绿素a浓度反演模型,在中国东部典型湖库具有较好的适用性。     

基于Hyperion影像的高光谱水汽含量反演的算法比较研究

基于高光谱遥感图像数据的大气参数反演和一体化辐射校正具有重要研究意义和应用价值。首先,通过6S模型辐射传输计算分析了EO-1/Hyperion遥感影像在940和1 130nm附近水汽吸收区域的光谱吸收特点。其次,采用两通道比值法和三通道比值法,比较了不同波段组合的大气含水量高光谱遥感反演精度并进行了敏感性分析,模拟实验结果表明采用三波段比值算法的相关系数和均方根误差均优于对应的两波段算法。最后,利用张掖地区2008年3景EO-1Hyperion高光谱遥感影像,反演了大气含水量,并与地基CE-318太阳分光光度计测量数据进行对比验证,结果表明:1 124nm水汽吸收通道反演精度优于940nm,两通道和三通道比值法的均方根误差分别为0.369和0.128g/cm2,三通道比值方法优于两通道比值方法,与地面观测结果一致。     

应用MODIS监测太湖水体叶绿素a浓度的研究

以太湖作为实验区,将MODIS影像不同空间分辨率的波段反射率与叶绿素a浓度实测值进行相关分析,在此基础上通过回归拟合建立遥感监测模型,并应用模型计算出太湖水体叶绿素a浓度的分布情况,对太湖水质进行了评价。研究结果表明,MODIS影像在太湖的水质监测中是可用的,其中250m分辨率波段1、2的比值组合r2/r1与叶绿素a浓度实测值高度相关(R=0.903),适于用来反演叶绿素a浓度。     

使用光谱平滑提高浑浊水体叶绿素a浓度估算模型的应用精度

水体叶绿素a浓度估算是水质参数遥感监测的重要内容,由于采样时间和地点的限制,传统估算模型的参数和形式具有较大的时间和空间依赖性。光谱平滑可以突出不同数据集的共同特征,从而增加模型的预测精度,因此考虑使用平滑方法来提高水体叶绿素a浓度估算模型的应用精度。利用太湖2004年夏季和2011年春季共4个月的数据,对比分析了移动平均、多项式平滑和核回归平滑处理前后浑浊水体实测反射光谱的变化,以及该变化对叶绿素a浓度三波段遥感估算模型和模型应用精度的影响。结果表明：核回归平滑处理后的光谱数据建立的三波段模型的残差正态分布更好,估算模型更为稳健。将2004年7月数据建立的模型用于8月数据,估算的叶绿素a浓度的RMSE从平滑前的33.56 mg/m³降低到了平滑后的25.60 mg/m³;将2011年3月建立的模型用于4月数据,估算的叶绿素a浓度的RMSE从平滑前的16.68 mg/m³降低到了平滑后的10.57 mg/m³。由此可以认为,实测光谱的核回归平滑处理有助于提高叶绿素a浓度三波段模型的应用精度,且对于叶绿素a浓度变化较大的夏季数据的改进效果更显著。     

基于光谱特征的闽江干流叶绿素a遥感反演北大核心CSCD

城乡化发展与基础设施建设滞后之间矛盾的深入导致面源污染和工业废水排放对于闽江水质造成了一定影响,因而对闽江叶绿素a进行实时监测及污染物迁移动态监测,是闽江水质治理的关键步骤。文章基于四年实测光谱及水质数据,通过闽江干流实测水体光谱特征分析以及遥感影像敏感波段分析,确定了闽江干流丰、枯水期叶绿素a光谱特征存在差异,并利用多元回归及机器学习分别构建了丰、枯水期闽江干流叶绿素a浓度反演模型,通过精度验证确定了丰、枯水期叶绿素a的最佳遥感反演模型。     

应用MODIS数据监测巢湖蓝藻水华的研究

以巢湖为研究区域,以MODIS 卫星影像为数据源,结合准同步的地面水质监测数据,将MODIS 250 m分辨率的波段反射率与叶绿素a浓度实测值进行相关分析。在此基础上通过回归拟合,构建基于中分辨率成像光谱仪(MODIS) 的叶绿素遥感提取模型。应用模型成功提取出蓝藻爆发水域chl-a的分布。从MODIS遥感图像上可以清晰地反映出巢湖这次蓝藻爆发的强度、地点和分布范围 。研究结果表明:用MODIS影像监测巢湖蓝藻水华是可行的,其中250m分辨率波段1 、2的比值组合r2/r1与叶绿素a浓度实测值高度相关(R=0.909 3),适于反演叶绿素a浓度。     

基于多态蚁群算法的高光谱遥感影像最优波段选择

由于传统蚁群算法搜索空间大,算法时间复杂度高等,导致基于传统蚁群算法的高光谱数据波段选择算法(ACA-BS)耗时长,算法效率低下,且易陷入局部最优。而多态蚁群算法能大大缩小算法的搜索空间,降低算法时间复杂度。因此,研究设计了基于多态蚁群算法的高光谱数据波段选择算法(PACA-BS)。从算法运行时间、波段子集的类别可分性及信息量、总体分类精度等方面对算法进行对比分析。用于实验的数据为Hyperion和AVIRIS高光谱影像。实验结果表明:PACA-BS的运行时间较ACA-BS大大减少;对Hyperion影像进行降维时,基于PACA-BS的运行时间约为ACA-BS的一半。两种算法获得的波段子集的类别可分性大小较为接近,但PACA-BS获得的波段子集的信息量和总体分类精度优于ACA-BS。研究表明PACA-BS是一种效率较高的高光谱波段选择算法。     

松花湖水体叶绿素a含量与反射光谱特征关系初探

根据2008年7月在松花湖实测的水体反射光谱及实验室分析得到的叶绿素浓度数据,对松花湖水体反射光谱特征与叶绿素浓度之间的关系进行探讨与分析。研究结果表明:水体叶绿素浓度与各波长点处反射率相关性均较好,并选择700 nm处反射率建立单波段模型。而700 nm和677 nm波长处反射率比值、685 nm处光谱一阶微分、700 nm波长处波峰几何特征具有较好的相关性,给出了松花湖水体叶绿素浓度估算模型,为松花湖水体叶绿素浓度反演监测提供了一定的理论基础与参考。     

Assessment of water quality in Lake Garda (Italy) using Hyperion

For testing the integration of the remote sensing related technologies into the water quality monitoring programs of Lake Garda (the largest Italian lake), the spatial and spectral resolutions of Hyperion and the capability of physics-based approaches were considered highly suitable. Hyperion data were acquired on 22nd July 2003 and water quality was assessed (i) defining a bio-optical model, (ii) converting the Hyperion at-sensor radiances into subsurface irradiance reflectances, and (iii) adopting a bio-optical model inversion technique. The bio-optical model was parameterised using specific inherent optical properties of the lake and light field variables derived from a radiative transfer numerical model. A MODTRAN-based atmospheric correction code, complemented with an air/water interface correction was used to convert Hyperion at-sensor radiances into subsurface irradiance reflectance values. These reflectance values were comparable to in situ reflectance spectra measured during the Hyperion overpass, except at longer wavelengths (beyond 700 nm), where reflectance values were contaminated by severe atmospheric adjacency effects. Chlorophyll-a and tripton concentrations were retrieved by inverting two Hyperion bands selected using a sensitivity analysis applied to the bio-optical model. The sensitivity analysis indicated that the assessment of coloured dissolved organic matter was not achievable in this study due to the limited coloured dissolved organic matter concentration range of the lake, resulting in reflectance differences below the environmental measurement noise of Hyperion. The chlorophyll-a and tripton image-products were compared to in situ data collected during the Hyperion overpass, both by traditional sampling techniques (8 points) and by continuous flow-through systems (32 km). For chlorophyll-a the correlation coefficient between in situ point stations and Hyperion-inferred concentrations was 0.77 (data range from 1.30 to 2.16 mg m^− 3). The Hyperion-derived chlorophyll-a concentrations also match most of the flow-through transect data. For tripton, the validation was constrained by variable re-suspension phenomena. The correlation coefficient between in situ point stations and Hyperion-derived concentrations increased from 0.48 to 0.75 (data range from 0.95 to 2.13 g m^− 3) if the sampling data from the re-suspension zone was avoided. The comparison of Hyperion-derived tripton concentrations and flow-through transect data exhibited a similar mismatch. The results of this research suggest further studies to address compatibilities of validation methods for water body features with a high rate of change, and to reduce the contamination by atmospheric adjacency effects on Hyperion data at longer wavelengths in Alpine environment. The transferability of the presented method to other sensors and the ability to assess water quality independent from in situ water quality data, suggest that management relevant applications for Lake Garda (and other subalpine lakes) could be supported by remote sensing.     

长江口及邻近海域悬浮颗粒物对叶绿素a遥感反演算法的影响分析

利用水介质光辐射传输数值模型Hydrolight,结合前人对长江口及邻近海域水体的生物—光学模型研究,模拟不同光学水体的遥感反射率,并分析遥感反射率对悬浮颗粒物(SPM)的敏感性以及SPM对4种叶绿素a(Chla)反演算法(二波段、三波段、荧光基线高度(FLH)和综合叶绿素指数(SCI)算法)的影响。结果表明:由Hydrolight模拟得到的遥感反射率与现场同步实测的遥感反射率的均方根误差小于0.01sr-1,其中可实现遥感反射率在550~725nm波段较精确的模拟。遥感反射率对SPM的敏感性随着Chla浓度的升高而降低。二波段、三波段算法适合低SPM浓度水体的Chla浓度反演,FLH算法反演Chla浓度时易受SPM的影响,而SCI算法在中、高SPM浓度水体中消除SPM的影响进而反演Chla的潜力较好。     

高光谱数据探讨水稻叶片叶绿素含量对叶片及冠层光谱反射特性的影响

为了考察叶绿素含量变化对叶片及冠层反射率的影响,利用PROSPECT模型和FCR模型,模拟叶片叶绿素含量变化(20μg/cm²、22μg/cm²、24μg/cm²、26μg/cm²、28μg/cm²、30μg/cm²)时的叶片反射率和叶面积指数变化(1、3、5)时的冠层反射率。叶片及冠层反射率的变化大小,用同一波段上反射率的标准差来衡量,研究的波段范围为400～940 nm,波段间隔为5 nm。研究发现叶绿素对叶片反射率的影响,在710 nm波长处最大,标准差变化曲线在550 nm、710 nm、795 nm和830 nm处形成4个峰值,对冠层反射率的影响,与叶面积指数大小有关,叶面积指数为1、3、5时,叶绿素对冠层反射率影响最大的波长分别为715 nm、720 nm和725 nm,标准差变化曲线分别在550 nm和715 nm、550 nm和720 nm、550 nm和725 nm形成了两个峰值。
     

Chlorophyll distribution in Lake Kinneret determined from Landsat Thematic Mapper data

Chlorophyll distribution in Lake Kinneret was estimated at a time of low chlorophyll concentrations (3-7 mgm^?3). Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) data were acquired three days after the acquisition of high spectral resolution radiometric measurements in the range 400 to 750 nm, chlorophyll and suspended matter concentrations, and Secchi disk transparency at 22 stations. The radiometric data were used to create an algorithm for estimation of chlorophyll concentration from the TM data. The radiance in channel TM3 (620-690 nm) was primarily dependent upon non-organic suspended matter concentration. Radiance in this channel was substracted from radiance in TM1 (450-520 nm) to correct for the additional radiance caused by scattering of non-pigmented suspended particles and (TM1 – TM3)/TM2 was found to be a useful index for estimating chlorophyll concentration. The concentrations calculated from atmospherically corrected TM data were compared to chlorophyll extracted from lake water samples. The estimation error of chlorophyll concentration was less than 0.85 mgm^?3.     

基于SVM模型的妫水河叶绿素a浓度的遥感反演

以北京市妫水河为研究区,基于2011年9月25日和2012年9月30日的两期叶绿素a浓度实测数据和准同步的环境一号卫星(HJ-1A)多光谱数据,分别构建一元线性和多元支持向量机模型(SVMM),通过决定系数R²和平均相对误差对模型的精度进行检验,用模型进行水体叶绿素a浓度的反演,并分析其时空分布特征。研究表明:在样本数较少的情况下,SVM具有很强的非线性映射能力,能够取得较好的预测结果,更适用于反演叶绿素a浓度。时间分布上,研究区叶绿素a浓度呈增加趋势,均值上升了6.86 μg/L;空间分布上,深水区叶绿素a浓度值低于浅水区,上游高于下游。国产HJ-1A CCD2多光谱数据以其4 d的时间分辨率,在水质动态变化监测方面具有优势。     

Discrimination of sugarcane varieties in Southeastern Brazil with EO-1 Hyperion data

Hyperspectral data acquired by the Hyperion instrument, on board the Earth Observing-1 (EO-1) satellite, were evaluated for the discrimination of five important Brazilian sugarcane varieties (RB72-454, SP80-1816, SP80-1842, SP81-3250, and SP87-365). The radiance values were converted into surface reflectance images by a MODTRAN4-based technique. To discriminate varieties with similar reflectance values, multiple discriminant analysis (MDA) was applied over the data. To obtain an adequate discriminant function, a stepwise method was used to select the best variables among surface reflectance values, ratios of reflectance, and several spectral indices potentially sensitive to changes in chlorophyll content, leaf water, and lignin-cellulose. Results showed that the five Brazilian sugarcane varieties were discriminated using EO-1 Hyperion data. Differences in canopy architecture affected sunlight penetration and reflectance, resulting in a higher reflectance for planophile (e.g., SP81-3250) than erectophile (e.g., SP80-1842) sugarcane plants. The variety SP80-1842 presented lower reflectance values, deeper lignin-cellulose absorption bands at 2103 nm and 2304 nm, shallower leaf liquid water absorption bands at 983 nm and 1205 nm, and lower leaf liquid water content than the other sugarcane varieties. To discriminate this cultivar, a single near-infrared (NIR) band threshold was used. To discriminate the other four sugarcane varieties with similar reflectance values, MDA was used producing a classification accuracy of 87.5% for a hold-out set of pixels. The comparison between the ground truth data and the MDA-derived classification image confirmed the model' capacity to differentiate the varieties accurately. The best results were obtained for the cultivar SP87-365 that presented the lowest spectral variability in the discriminant space. Some misclassified areas were associated with the cultivars SP80-1816 and SP81-3250 that showed the highest spectral variability.     

基于QAA算法的昆承湖固有光学量反演模型

基于2010年4月在昆承湖采集的野外实验数据,建立了适用于昆承湖的QAA固有光学量反演模型。结果表明:该模型可以得到较高精度的反演结果。所有验证点在411~700nm波段范围内,反演总吸收系数和实测总吸收系数的决定系数R2都高于0.984,平均相对误差ε都低于14.5%。在440、488和532nm 3个波段处,总吸收系数反演值和实测值决定系数R2分别为0.655、0.742和0.826,平均相对误差ε分别为6.5%、3.6%和3.4%,精度较高。反演后向散射系数与和参考后向散射系数在440、488和532nm处均具有较好的相关性,且532nm处反演后向散射系数与实测总悬浮物浓度决定系数为0.624,呈正相关,反演后向散射系数具有一定的可信度。该模型能够为昆承湖固有光学量的反演提供一条有效途径。     

A two-step optimization procedure for assessing water constituent concentrations by hyperspectral remote sensing techniques: An application to the highly turbid Venice lagoon waters

Over the past few years, the increased spectral and spatial resolution of remote sensing equipment has promoted the investigation of new techniques for inland and coastal water monitoring. The availability of new high-resolution data has allowed improvements in models based on the radiative transfer theory for assessing optical water quality parameters. In this study, we fine-tuned a physical model for the highly turbid Venice lagoon waters and developed an inversion technique based on a two-step optimization procedure appropriate for hyperspectral data processing to retrieve water constituent concentrations from remote data. In the first step, the solution of a linearized analytical formulation of the radiative transfer equations was found. In the second step, this solution was used to provide the initial values in a non-linear least squares-based method. This effort represents a first step in the construction of a feasible and timely methodology for Venice lagoon water quality monitoring by remote sensing, especially in view of the existing experimental hyperspectral satellite (Hyperion) and the future missions such as PRISMA, EnMap and HyspIRI. The optical properties of the water constituents were assessed on the basis of sea/lagoon campaigns and data from the literature. The water light field was shaped by an analytical formulation of radiative transfer equations and the application of numerical simulations (Hydrolight software). Once the optical properties of the Venice lagoon bio-optical model were validated, the inverse procedure was applied to local radiometric spectra to retrieve concentrations of chlorophyll, colored dissolved organic matter and tripton. The inverse procedure was validated by comparing these concentrations with those measured in the laboratory from in situ water samples, then it was applied to airborne (CASI and MIVIS) and satellite (Hyperion) sensors to derive water constituent concentration maps. The consistent results encourage the use of this procedure using future missions satellite (PRISMA, EnMap and HyspIRI).