白光LED用Eu~(3+)激活红色荧光粉的研究进展

白光LED具有体积小、能耗低、寿命长、环境友好等优点,是未来照明光源的发展方向。现阶段,白光LED的低显色指数和高色温限制了其发展,而红色荧光粉的性能对白光LED显色指数的提高及色温的改善非常关键。着重介绍了国内外白光LED用Eu3+激活红色荧光粉的几大主要体系的研究进展,并指出了目前红色荧光粉存在的问题及其未来的发展趋势。     

白光LED用稀土红色荧光粉的研究进展

白光LED具有低压、低功耗、高可靠性和长寿命等一系列优点,是一种符合环保和节能的绿色照明光源。现阶段制造高显色指数、低色温,大功率白光LED是白光LED发展的总体趋势。而红色荧光粉性能对白光LED的显色指数及色温的影响极其显著。本方法着重介绍和评述了白光LED用红色荧光粉硫化物、氮化物、钼酸盐和钨酸盐等几大主要体系的发光性质及最新研究成果和发展现状,并对白光LED用荧光粉的发展进行了展望。     

适用于白光LED的红色荧光粉的研究进展

白光LED被誊为将超越白炽灯、荧光灯和HID灯的第4代照明光源，将来可能取代传统照明，应用前景十分广阔。现阶段制造高显色指数、低色温，大功率白光LED是白光LED发展的总体趋势，而红色荧光粉性能对白光LED的显色指数及色温的影响极其显著。红色荧光材料正朝着高稳定性、高效率、高色纯度等方向发展，以满足白光LED照明发展的需要。     

白光LED用氮化物及氮氧化物红色荧光粉的研究现状

白光LED是一种符合环保和节能的绿色照明光源,而红色荧光粉的性能对白光LED的显色指数及色温的影响极其显著.氮/氮氧化物体系红色荧光粉是一种非常优质的LED用荧光粉.介绍了氮/氮氧化物红色荧光粉的研究现状、晶体结构、主要的制备方法,针对目前还存在的一些问题,指出了今后的研究方向.     

白光LED用钨/钼酸盐红色荧光粉的研究现状及展望

现阶段制造高显色指数、低色温,大功率白光LED是发展的总体趋势,而红色荧光粉性能对白光LED的显色指数及色温的影响极其显著。钨/钼酸盐体系红色荧光粉是一种极具潜力的LED用荧光粉。文章介绍了钨/钼酸盐红色荧光粉的研究现状,发光机理,应用,主要的合成方法,以及存在的一些问题,并对今后研究方向进行了展望。     

蓝光激发红色荧光粉的研究进展及其在白光LED中的应用

蓝光LED芯片激发黄色荧光粉是目前白光LED的主要实现方式,引入红色荧光粉对调整白光LED的显色指数及色温有重要意义。重点介绍和评述了可被蓝光激发且具有宽发射带的硫化物、氮化物、铝酸盐等几种体系红色荧光粉的发光性质、最新研究成果及在白光LED中的应用。对比发现,氮化物荧光粉可被从近紫外到可见绿光有效激发,随基质组成的不同,可发出峰值波长为600～650nm的红色荧光,且由于其优良的化学稳定性、热稳定性成为最有前途的一类红色荧光粉。采用两种以上的荧光粉代替单一黄色荧光粉,有利于调整白光LED的色温,提高显色指数。     

白光LED用氮化物红色荧光粉的研究进展

白光LED是一种符合环保和节能的绿色照明光源,而红色荧光粉的性能对白光LED的显色指数及色温的影响极其显著.氮化物材料的结构和组成的多样性,以及独特的局部配位环境使其具有丰富的发光颜色、可协调发光性、较高的量子效率和较小的热猝灭性等发光性能.本文主要从晶体结构、发光特性、量子效率、化学稳定性和物理稳定性等方面总结了不同类型的氮化物红色荧光粉的最新研究成果和发展现状.最后,对氮化物红色荧光粉的研究进行了展望.     

白光LED用红色荧光粉的研究进展

白光LED具有工作电压低、功耗低、可靠性高、使用寿命长、环境友好和高能效等一系列优点,是未来照明光源的发展方向。利用LED技术实现白光的方法主要有3种,其中采用蓝光、紫光及近紫外LED芯片激发红、绿、蓝等三基色或多基色荧光粉得到白光LED的技术具有成本低、显色性好等优势,是白光LED的主要发展方向。红色荧光粉在调制白光的色温及改善其显色性等方面起重要作用,其制备技术是目前制约白光LED大规模应用的关键技术,亟待解决。详细介绍了白光LED用红色荧光粉的十余个主要材料体系的发光性能、基本制备方法、取得的研发进展,简单探讨了其未来发展趋势。     

宁波材料所在LED用稀土发光材料研究方面取得进展

正LED固态照明器件具有高效、节能、环保等优点,经过十多年发展已基本取代传统白炽灯、荧光灯而成为新一代照明光源。荧光粉具有波长转换功能,在决定LED白光性能如显色指数、色温、效率等方面起着重要作用,是LED照明器件的关键材料之一,研发效率高和热稳定性较好的荧光粉一直是人们追求的目标。     

白光LED用红色荧光粉的研究与分析

红色荧光粉对白光LED的色温、显色性以及发光效率等关键性能指标有很大的影响。对目前白光LED用红色荧光粉8个主要体系的研究情况进行了详细的介绍与分析。并对比了各个体系红色荧光粉的激发和发射波长、量子效率及色坐标等性能参数。另外,为了更好地对比实验样品和工业产品,还测试和分析了两种工业常用红色荧光粉的激发和发射光谱。指出了红色荧光粉研究及应用过程中存在的激发波长与蓝光芯片的发射波长不匹配、激发效率低、发射光谱范围窄以及其基质与当前所用黄色荧光粉的基质不匹配等问题,最后针对这些问题提出了几点解决建议。     

Estimation of Parameters of Universal Distribution of Moments of Failure of Products

A method is proposed for estimating the parameters of a mixture of exponential and Weibull distributions for which the accuracy of preliminary estimates obtained by graphical analysis is refined in accordance with the criterion of maximum likelihood. The efficiency of the proposed method is supported by the results of statistical modeling.     

Evaluation of optical properties of highly scattering media by moments of distributions of times of flight of photons

A novel method for the determination of the optical properties of tissue from time-domain measurements is presented. The data analysis is based on the evaluation of the first moment and the second centralized moment, i.e., the mean time of flight and the variance of the measured distribution of times of flight (DTOF) of photons injected by short (picosecond) laser pulses. Analytical expressions are derived for calculation of absorption and of reduced scattering coefficients from these moments by application of diffusion theory for infinite and semi-infinite homogeneous media. The proposed method was tested on experimental data obtained with phantoms, and results for absorption and reduced scattering coefficients obtained by the proposed method are compared with those obtained by fitting of the same data with analytical solutions of the diffusion equation. Furthermore, the accuracy of the moment analysis was investigated for a range of integration limits of the DTOF. The moment analysis may serve as a comparatively fast method for evaluating optical properties with sufficient accuracy and can be used, e.g., for on-line monitoring of optical properties of biological tissue.     

Assessment of intakes of mixtures of radionuclides

Australia has several uranium mines and a large number of mineral sand mines, with associated processing facilities. Exposures resulting from these mining and processing operations usually involve intakes of mixtures of radionuclides. This work describes the development of a suite of first order, linear compartment models, based on the ICRP Publication 66 respiratory tract model, and an analytical solution to the decay equations, for assessing the consequences of such intakes. The computer programs based on these models directly compute excretion, organ retention and organ and whole-body doses for intakes of either single radionuclides or any mixture of radionuclides belonging to the same radioactive decay chain. The intake can be via inhalation, ingestion or injection, and can be acute, chronic or of limited duration. The starting concentration and degree of secular (dis)equilibrium can be specified for each radionuclide. No assumptions need to be made about the relative magnitudes of the radioactive half-lives of the different nuclides.     

Estimation of potentialities of methods of summation of direct measurement errors

Conventional methods for summation of direct measurement errors are considered. Conditions under which these methods provide consistent results are stated. It is proposed to utilize for characteristic of the total error, its interval estimator or the half-sum of the value obtained by adding up its arithmetic and geometric random errors.Translated from Izmeritel'naya Tekhnika, No. 4, pp. 10–12, April, 1995.     

Analysis of the rate of propagation of the wave of change of boiling modes

An approximate analytical expression is derived for the velocity of the front of the wave of change of boiling modes on a rod and on a plate. The impact of the Thomson effect and of the heater orientation in the gravity field is included. Adequate agreement is demonstrated between the derived relations and experimental data.     

空压机轴承箱蜗壳温度探头油封改造

由于空压机进气侧轴承箱蜗壳温度探头密封效果不好,使空压机及其后续管道受到油污染。后将温度探头的O形圈密封改为骨架油封,杜绝了轴承箱漏油问题。文章简介空压机的结构和技术参数,详细介绍了骨架油封的制作和优点。     

Determination of parameters of microstructural inhomogeneity of deformation of metals by the method of modeling

The article suggests a method of evaluating the microstructural inhomogeneity of deformation of metals by modeling. The method includes the measurement of deformations of metal according to meshes of a dividing grid with small base and the calculation of the distribution parameters of microdeformations in model representation. It is shown that the modeling method makes it possible objectively to evaluate the microinhomogeneity of deformation of metals independently of the chosen mesh size of the dividing grid. New structural characteristics are introduced: the base and wave of variation expressing the degree of crumbling or amalgamation of metal grains by inhomogeneity of deformation.Translated from Problemy Prochnosti, No. 7, pp. 40–44, July, 1991.     

Characteristics of mechanical properties of materials in studies of conditions of attainment of marginal states

It is shown that conditions of attainment of marginal states in the material of structural components are formulated on the basis of analysis of force and deformation criteria of formation and development of destruction. The parameters of these criteria are data on types of structural materials, standard and special characteristics of their mechanical properties, structural forms of considered elements of the equipment, and their operating stress loading. In this case, the construction of a system of state equations for describing interrelation of current damage, external actions, and responses to them is based on the concept of calculating variations in properties of materials at all stages of the design life cycle.     

Analysis of anisotropy of properties on the basis of studies of texture of coarse-grained ingots of thermoelectric materials

An analysis of anisotropy of the properties of a Bi₂Se_0.3Te_2.7 solid solution was carried out using construction of demonstrative surfaces for thermoelectric effectiveness and thermal expansion coefficients. It is shown that the texture is an important factor forming anisotropy of properties and technological fitness of ingots for manufacturing modules. Anisotropy of properties based on the studies of the ingot textures obtained using the float-zone method and Bridgman method (growing thermoelectric plates in a flat cavity) was studied.