溶胶凝胶法制备超细负热膨胀性ZrW2O8粉体

以溶胶凝胶法制备负热膨胀材料ZrW2O8粉体并与固相法制备的粉体相比较.对其前驱体进行热重-差热分析(TG-DSC)、以X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)分别对粉体进行物相分析和形貌观测.结果表明溶胶凝胶法比固相法合成温度低,于610℃合成单一立方结构ZrW2O8粉体,并且粉体颗粒比固相法小,为100nm;ZrW2O8粉体有很好的负热膨胀特性,以高温X射线衍射分析,在室温约500℃范围内,溶胶凝胶法制备的粉体的热膨胀系数为-5.93×10-6/K;比固相法(-6.31×10-6/K)的略低.     

固相法制备超细ZrW2O8粉体及其负热膨胀特性的研究

以化学合成的ZrO2和WO3为原料,以固相法制备具有负热膨胀特性的超细立方相ZrW2O8粉体.对其前驱体进行差热分析(DSC),以X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)及透射电子显微镜(TEM)对产物结构及形貌进行表征.结果表明:通过化学方法合成出单斜相和四方相混合的纳米级ZrO2粉体,纯单斜相的纳米级WO3粉体,以其为原料能够制备出超细立方相ZrW2O8粉体.同时考察不同研磨时间对其粒径的影响.变温X射线粉末衍射分析表明:所得ZrW2O8粉体具有很好的负热膨胀特性,在20～600℃范围内的平均热膨胀系数为-6.82×10-6K-1.     

柠檬酸溶胶-凝胶法合成负热膨胀性ZrW_2O_8粉体及其性质研究

以柠檬酸为螯合剂,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备负热膨胀性Zr W2O8粉体,对其前驱体进行热重-差热分析,以X射线粉末衍射、扫描电子显微镜对产物结构及形貌进行表征,结果表明所得粉体为单一α-Zr W2O8相,具有无规则形状。随着柠檬酸量的增加,颗粒有明显聚集长大的趋势,且形貌向片层状发展。变温X射线粉末衍射分析表明,所得Zr W2O8粉体具有很好的负热膨胀特性,在室温~500℃时,平均热膨胀系数为-6.14×10-6/℃。     

共沉淀法合成负热膨胀材料ZrW2O8

ZrW2O8是极具应用前景的各向同性负热膨胀材料.用共沉淀法合成了ZrW2O8,经X射线衍射、红外-拉曼光谱分析证明用共沉淀法合成的ZrW2O8纯度高.经高温X射线衍射测定,ZrW2O8在298～973K温度区间线膨胀系数αl=-7.0×10-6K-1, α-ZrW2O8(空间群P213)相到β-ZrW2O8(空间群Pa3)的转变温度在443K与446K之间.对ZrW2O8前驱体进行了热重-差热分析(TG-DTA).     

纳米颗粒包覆ZrW_2O_8空心结构的制备和性能

采用包覆法制备单一相钨酸锆(ZrW2O8)空心球。研究选择以水热合成法制备的胶体碳球作为制备空心球的模板,通过溶胶—凝胶法制备了具有网状结构的钨酸锆前驱体凝胶,经过后续简单的包覆过程得到胶体碳球—钨酸锆凝胶形成的壳核结构,并对该壳核结构进行煅烧(610℃保温10h)后除去碳球模板得到ZrW2O8空心球。实验所得ZrW2O8空心球平均粒径约3μm,球壳平均厚度为1.5μm,构成壳层结构的纳米级ZrW2O8颗粒为棒状无规则多面体,尺寸约500nm×50nm×50nm。FTIR和TG-DTA分析证明,产物为立方相ZrW2O8空心球,密度为2.8g/cm3,比理论值降低了45%;产物空心球具有良好的负热膨胀特性,在室温至200℃的温度区间内,负膨胀系数略低于理论值,平均热膨胀系数为-11.4×10-6K-1。     

原位反应固相法合成低热膨胀ZrW_2O_8/ZrO_2复合材料

以分析纯ZrO2、WO3为原料,采用分步焙烧-原位反应固相法成功合成了低热膨胀ZrW2、WO8/ZrO2复合材料,着重研究了不同烧结温度和烧结时间对产物的影响.通过X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)和热膨胀仪对合成的ZrW2O8/ZrO2复合材料的晶体结构、断面形貌和热膨胀性能进行表征.研究结果表明,在1125、1150、1200℃烧结6h都可以合成高纯度的ZrW2O8/ZrO2复合材料,其组元为α-ZrW2O8和m-ZrO2相;随烧结时间的延长,衍射半峰宽逐渐减小,晶粒在不断长大,致密度相对提高;随着ZrW2O3质量分数增加,复合材料的热膨胀系数减小,其中25%(质量分数)ZrW2O8/ZrO2复合材料在30～600℃的平均热膨胀系数为0.2153×10-6K-1.     

ZrW_(1.5)Mo_(0.5)O_8薄膜的制备及其负热膨胀性能研究

以脉冲激光沉积法沉积制备了立方相负热膨胀ZrW1.5Mo0.5O8薄膜并利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)和场发射扫描电镜对其结构组分、表面形貌和厚度进行表征。采用变温XRD分析了ZrW1.5Mo0.5O8靶材和薄膜的负热膨胀特性。实验结果表明:在1080℃烧结6h制备得的立方相ZrW1.5Mo0.5O8陶瓷靶材,靶材具有较高的纯度和良好的负热膨胀性能,Mo离子掺入后,其α到β相转变温度降低,在30~600℃温度区间内,ZrW1.5Mo0.5O8陶瓷靶材的负热膨胀系数为-7.13×10-6K-1。利用该靶材在500℃时脉冲激光沉积的ZrW1.5Mo0.5O8薄膜为非晶态,薄膜表面平滑致密,厚度约为835nm;非晶膜在1180℃热处理7min后淬火得到立方相ZrW1.5Mo0.5O8薄膜;结晶后的ZrW1.5Mo0.5O8薄膜为多晶膜。在室温到600℃区间内,立方相ZrW1.5Mo0.5O8薄膜的热膨胀系数为-7.7×10-6K-1,α-ZrW1.5Mo0.5O8到β-ZrW1.5Mo0.5O8的相转变温度降至100℃以下。     

PVP对溶胶凝胶法制备负热膨胀ZrW_2O_8粉体形貌及性能的影响

以PVP为添加剂,采用溶胶凝胶法制备ZrW_2O_8粉体,研究添加剂对粉体形貌的影响及其负热膨胀特性。对其前驱体进行热重-差热分析(TG-DSC),以X射线粉末衍射(XRD),扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对产物结构及形貌进行表征。结果表明所得粉体为单一立方α-ZrW_2O_8相。加入PVP后,可以有效地改变粉体的形貌,随着加入量的增大,粉体的形貌从无规则的团聚体转变为长棒状、扇形及短棒颗粒。原位X射线粉末衍射分析表明,所得ZrW_2O_8粉体具有良好的负热膨胀特性。     

脉冲激光沉积ZrW2O8薄膜的制备和性能

采用脉冲激光沉积法在石英基片上沉积制备了ZrW2O8薄膜.用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、原子力显微镜(AFM)研究了不同衬底温度对薄膜结构组分、表面粗糙度和形貌的影响,用台阶仪和分光光度计测量薄膜的厚度和不同衬底温度下制备薄膜的透射曲线,用变温XRD分析了ZrW2O8薄膜的负热膨胀特性.实验结果表明:在衬底温度为室温、550℃和650℃下脉冲激光沉积的ZrW2O8薄膜均为非晶态,非晶膜在1200℃保温3min后淬火得到立方相ZrW2O8薄膜;随着衬底温度的升高,ZrW2O8薄膜的表面粗糙度明显降低;透光率均约为80%,在20～600℃温度区间内,脉冲激光沉积制备的ZrW2O8薄膜的负热膨胀系数为-11.378×10-6 K-1.     

工艺参数和热处理温度对ZrW_2O_8薄膜制备的影响

采用WO3和ZrO2复合陶瓷靶材,以射频磁控溅射法在石英基片上沉积制备了ZrW2O8薄膜.利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、表面粗糙轮廓仪和扫描电子显微镜(SEM),研究了不同工艺参数和不同退火温度对ZrW20s薄膜的相组成、沉积速率和表面形貌的影响.采用高温X射线衍射和Powder X软件研究薄膜的负热膨胀特性.实验结果表明随着溅射功率的增加,薄膜沉积速率增加;而随着工作气压的增加,薄膜沉积速率先增加后减小;磁控溅射沉积制备的ZrW20s薄膜为非晶态,表面平滑、致密,随着热处理温度的升高,薄膜开始结晶且膜层颗粒增大;在740℃热处理3 n血后得到膜层颗粒呈短棒状的三方相ZrW2O8薄膜,在1200℃密闭条件下热处理3 min淬火后得到膜层颗粒呈球状的立方相ZrW2O8薄膜,且具有良好的负热膨胀特性.     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.     

Mechanism Study on the Wear of CrAlTiN Coated High-Speed Steel Twist Drills Under Dry Cutting Conditions

As demands about environment protection are growing up, dry cutting technology is getting more and more concerns from all over the world. Main works performed here are study on dry cutting performances and wear mechanisms of M2high-speed steel (HSS) twist drills with CrAlTiN multicomponent coatings, which was deposited using magnetron sputter ion plating system, in drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, and their comparisons to those in drilling the same steel but using monolayer CrN and commercial TiN coated drills. Drilling performances of drills are evaluated mainly through the measurements of width on outer corner flank land and the cutting forces. Results show that performances of CrAlTiN coated drills are better than those of monolayer CrN and TiN coated drills. In drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, the average tool life of the CrAlTiN coated drills are 17.2 and 11.8 times higher than those of the uncoated drills. Observing wear of the drill with scanning electronic microscope, results show that there is no crack or spallation of the CrAlTiN coatings in wear zones. Main mechanism of the wear here is adhesion.     

Study on Bond Ability of Arc-Spraying Coatings with Different Surface Pretreatment on Cast-Iron

Arc spraying coatings are widely used in various applications, but uncommon in cast iron substrate. Different surface pretreatment technology is tested on substrates of gray cast iron. Surface roughness and residual stress were measured by TR200 and X-ray diffraction analyzer. Influence of different surface pretreatment methods ( dry blasting and fusebond) on roughness and residual stress was analyzed. The arc-sprayed coatings of wire 3Cr13 (φ2mm) on gray cast iron substrate is studied. The microstructure and interface of bonding layer were observed by SEM. The bond strength was taken by tensile test. Results show that bond strength with grit blasting is higher than fuse-bond; it is feasible to make wire 3Cr13 coating with arc spraying on cast iron substrate roughened by grit blasting.     

Structural Characteristics of TiO2 Ceramic Coating by Micro-Plasma Oxidation

TiO2 ceramic coatings with thickness of 20 μm were formed on the surface of pure titanium by micro-plasma oxidation. Their micro-structures were investigated by by using X-ray diffraction and their surface images were detected by using scan electronic microscope. There were three kinds of TiO2 coatings, pure anatase type TiO2 phase, mixed phases consisted of rutile type TiO2 phase and anatase type TiO2 phase, pure rutile type TiO2 phase. The coating surface with the pure anatase type TiO2 phase is rough, while the coating surface with the pure rutile type TiO2phase is smooth. The upper coating surface with the mixed type TiO2 phases is anatase type TiO2 structure and the subsurface of the TiO2 coating is rutile type TiO2structure.     

Evaluation of fatigue life of steel using steel grain size

The insightful discussion of the relationship between the construction of metallographic and fatigue life and proposition of mathematical relationships describing this relationship was conducted in the paper. This paper presents a method for estimating the fatigue life, based on the construction of the microstructural material taking into account the grain size and the participation of ferrite and pearlite phase.