聚丙烯酸/活性炭复合凝胶的制备及溶胀行为

采用自由基溶液聚合的方法,以过硫酸铵(APS)为引发剂,N,N′-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺(NNMBA)为交联剂,制备了聚丙烯酸(PAA)复合活性炭凝胶(PAA/AC)。考察了凝胶在生理盐水和不同pH值缓冲溶液中的平衡溶胀比及溶胀动力学,结果表明,活性炭能有效提高PAA凝胶的平衡溶胀比。蒸馏水中PAA/AC凝胶的平衡溶胀比可达到303(g/g),约为PAA凝胶平衡溶胀比的2.3倍;生理盐水(0.9%g/mL NaCl水溶液)中PAA/AC凝胶的平衡溶胀比可达到60(g/g),约为PAA凝胶平衡溶胀比的2.4倍;在实验设计的pH范围内PAA/AC凝胶的平衡溶胀比比PAA凝胶更高,具有更好的pH值敏感特性。     

聚丙烯酸钾／羧甲基纤维素钠半互穿网络水凝胶的两步水溶液合成及其药物释放

以N,N’-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺为交联剂、过硫酸铵和焦亚硫酸钠为氧化还原引发剂，采用新型两步水溶液聚合法制备了聚丙烯酸钾／羧甲基纤维素钠（PAA／CMC-Na）半互穿网络水凝胶．对其溶胀动力学、离子强度敏感性和pH敏感性进行了研究．探讨了PAA／CMC-Na半互穿网络水凝胶对荼碱的释放行为，实验结果表明所吸收的茶碱在盐溶液中90min内释放率可达90％，释放规律遵循Fiekian扩散机制。     

聚丙烯酸微凝胶的细乳液聚合法制备与表征

以丙烯腈(AN)、二乙烯苯(DVB)等为原料,通过细乳液聚合法合成出交联聚丙烯腈(PAN)纳米微球,在碱性条件下水解制得聚丙烯酸(PAA)微凝胶。通过红外光谱(FT-IR)、透射电镜(TEM)和激光粒度仪对PAN微球和PAA微凝胶的结构、形貌和性质进行了表征,研究不同pH缓冲液下PAA微凝胶的响应行为。结果表明,PAN微球形貌为不规则球形、平均粒径105nm,PAA微凝胶形貌为规则球形、平均粒径230nm,PAA微凝胶在不同pH缓冲液中表现出良好的pH响应性。     

分离有机物/水混合物的聚丙烯酸膜研究进展

介绍了聚丙烯酸（PAA）的不同类型分离膜的制备工艺，及在有机物／水混合物中的渗透汽化（PV）分离性能，重点讨论了交联剂浓度、高分子网络结构、支撑膜和共混膜性能对膜分离性能的影响，简要分析了操作参数如料液浓度、操作温度等影响因素，并提出了PAA膜在今后研究开发中的方向，     

聚丙烯酸对含聚氧化乙烯链段嵌段共聚物微相分离形貌的调控作用

采用原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP)制备了两嵌段共聚物聚氧化乙烯-b-聚苯乙烯(PEO-b-PS)和三嵌段共聚物聚氧化乙烯-b-聚苯乙烯-b-聚丙烯酸丁酯(PEO-b-PS-b-PBA),再将聚丙烯酸(PAA)分别与PEO-b-PS和PEO-b-PS-b-PBA进行溶液共混和旋涂成膜,通过原子力显微镜研究了PAA对2种嵌段共聚物薄膜微相分离形貌的调控作用。结果表明,PEO-b-PS/PAA共混薄膜呈现PEO/PAA为分散相以柱状形态垂直分布在PS连续相中的微相分离形貌,柱状微区尺寸随着PAA含量及相对分子质量的增加而不断增大。当PAA质量分数达到30%后,PEO/PAA分散相向层状形态转变。PEO-b-PS-b-PBA与PAA共混后,PEO/PAA相区从原先平行于薄膜表面排列的层状形态向随机取向的柱状形态转变,PS微相区在薄膜表面形成细小的锥状突起,随着PAA质量分数增加,PEO/PAA柱状微区向薄膜表面垂直排列取向得到增强,PS微相区的突起程度降低。     

微波辐射四元共缩聚聚酰亚胺的合成与表征

以3,3′,4,4′-二苯甲酮二酐(BTDA)、均苯四甲酸二酐(PMDA)、4,4′-二氨基二苯砜(DDS)和4,4′-二氨基二苯醚(ODA)为单体,采用微波辐射溶液缩聚得到一种四元共缩聚聚酰胺酸(PAA),然后经亚胺化得到聚酰亚胺(PI)。通过对数比浓黏度(ηinh)、红外光谱(FT-IR)、核磁(1H-NMR)、溶解性测试和热重分析(TGA)对聚合物进行了结构表征和性能测试。结果表明,微波辐射能显著提高反应速度、PAA的相对分子质量和产率;FT-IR表明生成了预期的聚合物;1H-NMR表明PAA亚胺化度达95%以上;溶解性测试表明PAA具有较好的溶解性;TGA表明所合成的PI具有较高的热氧化稳定性和热稳定性。     

高度有序多孔阳极氧化铝薄膜光学常数的确定

采用二步阳极氧化法制备了多孔阳极氧化铝(PAA)薄膜,借助于扫描电子显微镜(SEM)分析了多孔阳极氧化铝薄膜的微观形貌,发现在其表面孔径为70～90 nm的六边形孔洞分布均匀,且垂直于表面平行生长.依据PAA反射光谱的实验数据,利用Kramers-Kronig关系计算出PAA薄膜的复折射率、复介电常数以及光学能隙等光学常数.通过分析吸收系数与入射光子能量之间的关系,表明PAA具有直接带隙(能隙约为3.4eV)半导体的光学性质.     

芳香族聚酰胺酸的制备及其热亚胺化研究

采用3,3',4,4'-二苯醚四甲酸二酐(ODPA)和4,4'-二氨基二苯醚(ODA)为单体,N,N-二甲基乙酰胺(DMAc)为溶剂,合成聚酰亚胺(PI)的前驱体聚酰胺酸(PAA).研究了单体摩尔比、反应体系的质量浓度、反应时间以及反应温度等因素对PAA相对分子质量(以PAA黏度表示)的影响.结果表明:经提纯处理后的单体等摩尔比时所得的PAA的黏度最高,相对分子质量最大;反应体系的质量浓度为10%～15%,反应温度控制在15℃,反应时间为10h左右可以得到聚合物相对分子质量较高,并且在后期亚胺化反应时成膜性良好的PAA前躯体.通过对前躯体热失重分析(TGA),结合红外光谱(IR)分析计算所得PAA热环化程度与温度的定量关系,确定出PAA亚胺化的最佳工艺条件,制得了热稳定性较好的PI,该PI在空气和氮气气氛中5%失重的温度分别达到535℃和537℃.     

芳炔树脂/POSS固化相容性及热稳定性研究

在聚芳基乙炔树脂(PAA)中分别加入笼型八苯基硅倍半氧烷(OPS)、笼型八氨基苯基硅倍半氧烷(OAPS)和笼型八炔丙基胺苯基硅倍半氧烷(OPAPS)对其进行改性。利用SEM、XRD、红外、DSC和TGA对PAA/POSS体系进行了相容性和热性能的研究。SEM图及XRD结果表明,OPS与PAA相容性差,OAPS次之;由于OPAPS中端炔基可参与PAA的固化反应,因此OPAPS与PAA相容性最好。红外光谱分析结果表明炔基固化反应后主要生成共轭烯和芳环结构,PAA/POSS的复合物中,POSS的笼型结构得以保留。DSC结果表明POSS的加入使得体系放热量有所减少,且OPAPS的加入使体系放热峰向高温区稍有偏移。TGA结果表明OAPS或OPAPS的引入可以基本保持PAA固化产物原有的热稳定性。     

静电纺丝技术制备耐高温聚酰亚胺无纺布膜及其性能表征

利用3,3′,4,4′-二苯甲酮四羧酸二酐(BTDA)和4,4′-二氨基二苯醚(ODA)合成得到聚酰胺酸(PAA)纺丝液,采用静电纺丝技术制备得到PAA无纺布膜,通过热亚胺化法获得聚酰亚胺(PI)无纺布膜。用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)考察了溶液浓度、纺丝距离、纺丝电压和针头大小对PAA无纺布膜形貌的影响。同时比较了热亚胺化前后PAA和PI无纺布膜的形貌变化。分别采用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、热重分析(TGA)和X射线衍射(XRD)表征了它们的化学结构、热稳定性和结晶性。结果表明,制备得到的PI无纺布膜具有优良的耐热性能和微孔结构,使其在耐热分离技术领域有极大的应用价值。     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Effect of Permeable Crystalline Material on Steel Reinforcement Corrosion of Concrete

Permeable crystalline materialcan permeate into pores and cracks of concrete and catalyze the reaction between Ca(OH) 2and unhydrated cement to generate a great quantity needle non-soluble crystals, which can stop up the pores and cracks of concrete, and increase the impermeability of concrete. This paper reported the results of a study conducted to evaluate steel reinforcement corrosion of concrete specimens uncoated and coated with permeable crystalline material as well as mixed with the permeable crystalline material. The properties evaluated for corrosion test were water impermeability, water absorption, compressive strength and potential. The results of water impermeability, water absorption, compressive strength clearly showed that the permeable crystalline material could prohibit water, any soluble salts and moisture from penetrating the concrete to cause corrosion, leaking, and other problems, and it did increase the compressive strength, which was favorable for protection of corrosion of reinforcing steel. Moreover, it was concluded from the potential-time curve that the steel reinforcement of uncoated specimen was in the state of activation whereas that of other specimens coated and mixed with the permeable crystalline material was in the state of inactivation. Above all, it was indicated that the permeable crystalline materialis very effective to protect the steel reinforcement of concrete from corrosion.     

The Research and Application About "Dry Peeling Off" Technology for Airplane Surface Paint Layer

In this paper, the principle of spurting take off lacquer were introduced; and with orthogonal method the unsaturate polyester was prepared ;it was easy to peel airplane paint layer off with this material and equipment.     

Quality Study of Honeycomb Core Shaping Without Wax Stabilization

Sandwich panels utilizing honeycomb cores result in lightweight, high-strength units that are very rigid. Indeed, they give honeycomb panels the best strength-to-weight ratio of any construction type available. Conventionally, the wax is poured into the cell of the core to strengthen the structure and prevent the core from being crushed during milling. Much time and labor is required to wax, mill, and clean the cores. In this study, the process of pouring wax into the core was skipped. In other words, the cutter directly milled the core. Experiments showed that the compressive strength of the core produced without wax stabilization was only 3% lower than that of cores produced using the traditional method. In addition, the drum peel strengths of cores produced without wax stabilization were 38.4% higher than cores produced using the traditional method, in which residual wax seriously polluted the adhesive. It was also found that eliminating the wax process can reduce costs.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.     

In-process thermal treatment of polylactic acid in fused deposition modelling

Polylactic acid (PLA) is one of the most widely used open source fused filament fabrication materials due to its ease of extrusion, biodegradability, and mechanical strength. The mechanical strength of PLA largely depends on the proper growth of its semi-crystalline structure, which can be severely impaired by a low rate of crystallization, particularly in open source printers. This can be further aggravated by the non-uniform thermal distribution of heat that causes improper curing among the extruded beads of the printing material. As a result, PLA printed on open source printers does not achieve the best mechanical properties. This research, for the first time, proposes an additive-free solution implemented through a detailed set of experimentation to improve the curing rate through in-process temperature variations to cure the joints among the beads. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy is used to confirm the improvements in the bead joints. This work is conducted in two phases of experiments. In the first phase, a full factorial ANOVA is used to investigate various process parameters and the important variables are used in the second phase to print test specimens in four different sets.