共聚聚丙烯材料的断裂行为

采用基本断裂功方法(EWF)评价了四种不同牌号共聚聚丙烯材料的断裂韧性和塑性功,并结合材料的热性能及力学性能进行了分析。研究发现,EWF方法比常规力学性能可更有效地揭示材料长期破坏行为的特征。各种共聚聚丙烯的比非基本断裂功βωp相差不太大,但长期断裂破坏行为较好的材料(A和B)的比基本断裂功ωe相对较大,说明它们在断裂过程中抵抗裂纹扩展的能力较强;而且其屈服前与屈服后的比基本断裂功ωe,y,ωe,n都比较大;长期断裂破坏行为较差的材料C的ωe,y,ωe,n均很低．而材料D的ωe,n虽较高．但ωe,y较小,这可能与材料的晶粒数量和大小有关。     

氮化硼导热复合材料的制备与性能

以聚丙烯为基材,六方氮化硼为填料,添加马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯,利用双螺杆挤出机制备导热复合材料。采用X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜表征材料的微观结构,对复合材料的结晶性能、力学性能和导热性能进行分析。结果表明,马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯有利于增加聚丙烯与氮化硼的界面粘结,改善复合材料的结晶,增强复合材料拉伸强度和断裂伸长率,显著提高其热导率。氮化硼含量为30%(质量分数)时,添加马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯的复合材料热导率为0.512 W/(m·K),相对于只添加氮化硼的复合材料和聚丙烯,热导率分别提高1.08和2.3倍。     

多单体接枝聚丙烯增容硅灰石/聚丙烯复合材料

以自制的苯乙烯、甲基丙烯酸丁酯和马来酸酐三单体接枝改性聚丙烯(PP-SBM)为相容剂,采用熔融挤出的方法制备了硅灰石/聚丙烯(W/PP)复合材料。研究了相容剂和硅灰石用量对W/PP复合材料的力学性能及热变形温度的影响,并用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射表征了W/PP复合材料的微观结构。结果表明,当PP-SBM和硅灰石的质量分数均为30%时,复合材料力学性能最好,拉伸强度和冲击强度分别比纯PP提高了27.3%和4.4%,维卡软化点提高了14.4℃,PP-SBM增容效果比商品马来酸酐改性聚丙烯(PP-M)好;光学显微镜分析表明硅灰石在挤出混合过程中大量断裂,长径比大幅度降低;扫描电镜、X射线衍射表征说明加入PP-SBM可以明显提高硅灰石与聚丙烯的相容性。     

马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯对聚丙烯/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的影响

研究了相容剂马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯对聚丙烯/蒙脱土纳米复合材料(PP/MM T)的影响,它不仅显著改善了PP与蒙脱土的界面相容性,使复合材料力学性能显著提高,而且改善了复合材料的加工流动性。PP的断裂方式属典型的脆性断裂,含有马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯的PP/MM T断裂方式属韧性断裂。蒙脱土在聚丙烯结晶时起成核剂的作用,提高了PP/MM T纳米复合材料的结晶速率。相容剂使得有机蒙脱土对PP的成核作用更加明显。     

两种马来酸酐接枝物对膨胀阻燃聚丙烯增韧共混复合体系性能的影响

用膨胀型阻燃剂(IFR)和乙烯辛烯共聚物(POE)对聚丙烯(i PP)进行阻燃和增韧改性,比较研究了两种典型增容剂聚丙烯接枝马来酸酐(PP-g-MAH)和乙烯辛烯共聚物接枝马来酸酐(POE-g-MAH)对膨胀阻燃增韧共混复合体系阻燃性能以及力学性能的影响。结果表明:IFR可提高聚丙烯共混物的燃烧性能,但是明显降低材料的力学性能,而增容剂的加入可同时提高复合材料的燃烧性能和力学性能。PP-g-MAH使IFR的分散更均匀,添加1%(质量分数,下同)的PP-g-MAH使复合材料的平均热释放速率、热释放速率峰值、比消光面积平均值以及烟释放总量比未添加增容剂的阻燃材料分别下降24%、30%、56%和46%;而POE-g-MAH能使复合材料形成包覆结构,使其冲击强度明显提高,加入5%的POE-g-MAH可使复合材料冲击强度提高93%。     

聚丙烯接枝马来酸酐修饰碳纳米管增强聚丙烯复合材料的制备及性能

采用混合溶剂的溶液法技术,对聚丙烯接枝马来酸酐(PP-g-MAH)包覆碳纳米管(MWNTs)与聚丙烯(PP)纳米复合材料的电学和力学性能进行了研究。PP-g-MAH包覆MWNTs在二甲苯溶液中呈现良好的分散性,红外结果表明,酸化碳纳米管后表面官能团如羟基、羧基与马来酸酐发生氢键作用。场发射扫描电镜(FESEM)也证明了PP-g-MAH修饰MWNTs在PP基体中分散良好,并且相容性也得到了明显改善。复合材料的拉伸强度和电导率都有较大的提高,其中导电性相比未处理碳管/聚丙烯提高了两个数量级。     

麦秸纤维增强聚丙烯复合材料的熔融流变性

用挤塑模压的方法制备麦秸纤维增强聚丙烯复合材料, 研究了麦秸纤维添加量、尺寸及马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯(MAPP) 添加量、温度对麦秸纤维增强聚丙烯复合材料熔融流变性的影响。麦秸纤维添加量从10 wt%增加至30 wt%时, 复合材料的熔融黏度增加。马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯的加入提高了体系的流动性, 熔融黏度降低。麦秸纤维以长纤维和纤维束作为增强材料时, 复合材料的熔融黏度降低, 以细小纤维作为增强材料时, 复合材料的熔融黏度增加。温度由170 ℃升高至190 ℃, 剪切速率由0. 01 s -1增加至0. 1 s -1 时, 麦秸纤维增强聚丙烯复合材料的黏度降低。      

等离子体诱导接枝聚合修饰碳纳米管及其环氧树脂复合材料

以马来酸酐(MAH)为有机单体,通过等离子体诱导接枝聚合法修饰碳纳米管(CNTs),借助红外光谱、扫描电镜分析手段,对所得表面为聚合物膜修饰碳纳米管(p-CNTs)进行表征。将上述p-CNTs应用于环氧树脂(EP)固化体系,制备出p-CNT/EP纳米复合材料,研究了其对EP性能的影响。结果表明:等离子体可诱导马来酸酐在CNTs表面接枝聚合成膜。利用包覆于CNTs表面的聚马来酸酐(PMAH)薄膜功能化修饰CNTs。合适含量的p-CNTs可显著提高环氧树脂的强度和韧性,使其高度强韧化。     

橡胶粒子对微发泡聚丙烯复合材料发泡行为与力学性能的影响

利用型腔体积可控注塑发泡装置制备微发泡聚丙烯(PP)/粉末橡胶复合材料,通过橡胶粒子的分散性以及复合材料的结晶行为,研究不同橡胶粒子对聚丙烯复合材料发泡行为和力学性能的影响。结果表明:橡胶粒子的加入使微发泡聚丙烯材料的泡孔分布细密而均匀,微发泡聚丙烯/马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯/粉末丁腈胶(PP/PP-MAH/NBR)复合材料的发泡质量较理想,其泡孔密度和尺寸分别为7.64×106个/cm3,29.78μm;综合泡孔结构和力学性能,微发泡聚丙烯/聚丙烯接枝马来酸酐/粉末羧端基丁腈胶(PP/PP-MAH/CNBR)复合材料的力学性能最优,与纯PP比较其冲击强度提升了2.2倍,拉伸强度仅仅降低了26%,是理想的微发泡复合材料。     

高抗弯聚丙烯/有机化锂皂石复合材料的制备与性能

采用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)对锂皂石(Laponite)进行修饰,得到有机化锂皂石。采用聚丙烯接枝马来酸酐(PP-g-MAH)作为增容剂,制备了一种具有高抗弯模量和高断裂伸长率的聚丙烯/有机化锂皂石复合材料,考察了有机化锂皂石对复合材料性能的影响。结果表明,当有机化锂皂石的用量增加时,复合材料的弯曲模量增加,断裂伸长率则先增加后降低。当有机化锂皂石质量分数仅为1%时,复合材料弯曲模量达到1230 MPa,相比纯PP提高约35%;复合材料的断裂伸长率达到700%,相比于纯PP,提高约25%。扫描电子显微镜结果显示,有机化锂皂石在聚丙烯基体中分布均匀,粒径在0.5μm~1μm之间,与聚丙烯基体结合良好。     

马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯对云母填充聚丙烯的增容作用

以马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯（MPP）为云母填充聚丙烯（PP/mica)的界面相容剂，研究了MPP的添加量对PP/mica的力学,同观形态以及PP/mica熔体的流变行为和非等温结晶行为的影响。结果表明，加入MPP使PP/mica的国学得以全面的提高，PP/mica样品断面的电镜照片表明，MPP的加入使云母与聚丙烯的界面粘结得到改善；PP/mica熔体的表观粘度明显高其聚丙烯基体，随着MPP含量的增加，PP/mica的表观粘度下降，幂律指数也发生变化，云母对聚丙烯具有明显的成核,但随MPP含量的增加，云母的成核效率逐渐减弱。     

Extrusion and mechanical properties of highly filled cellulose fibre–polypropylene composites

This study focused on manufacturing of highly filled cellulose fibre–polypropylene composites and evaluation of the mechanical properties of the composites. Cellulose fibre reinforced polypropylene composites with up to 60 wt% of fibres with and without coupling agent were manufactured by extrusion. In order to achieve consistent feeding of the fibres into the extruder a pelletization technique was used where the fibres were pressed into pellets. Two commercial grades of cellulose fibres were used in the study, bleached sulfite and bleached kraft fibres. Fibre dimension measurements showed that the pelletization process and extrusion at high fibre loading caused the most severe fibre breakage. Flexural testing showed that increased fibre loading made the composites stiffer but reduced the toughness. Addition of maleic anhydride grafted coupling agent (MAPP) increased the stiffness and strength of the composites significantly. In general, there was no significant difference in the mechanical properties between the composites with kraft and sulfite fibres. An interesting finding was that the flexural modulus and strength of the MAPP modified cellulose fibre–polypropylene composites were not higher than what has previously been reported for wood flour–polyolefin composites. Scanning electron microscopy showed that addition of coupling agent improved the interfacial adhesion between the fibres and polypropylene matrix.     

Influence of fiber-like nanofillers on the rheological,mechanical, thermal and fire properties of polypropylene: An application to multifilament yarn

Polypropylene and polypropylene grafted maleic anhydride based composites with modified and non-modified carbon nanotubes and sepiolite were prepared by melt extrusion. Their thermal, rheological, and dynamic mechanical properties were evaluated. Multifilament yarns were obtained from the composites by spin-drawing process and their mechanical properties were measured. Knitted fabrics from the multifilament yarns were characterized by cone calorimetry. The best interaction was obtained for polypropylene/carbon nanotubes and polypropylene/polypropylene grafted maleic anhydride/sepiolite composites, as was confirmed by the increasing on the elastic modulus and thermal resistance. Nanofillers changed the thermal decomposition profiles compared to bare polypropylene. Knitted structures containing sepiolite decrease the maximum of heat release rate in comparison with unfilled samples.     

Effects of maleated polypropylene on the morphology,thermal and mechanical properties of short carbon fiber reinforced polypropylene composites

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of the maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (PP-g-MAH) on the properties of short carbon fiber (CF) reinforced polypropylene (PP) composites. The composites were prepared by melt blending and injection molding techniques at different percentages of CF. Tensile tests, hardness, differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were performed to characterize the physical and morphological properties of the prepared composites. It was observed from SEM photographs that modification with PP-g-MAH improved the interfacial adhesion between the carbon fibers and PP matrix. The ultimate tensile strength, hardness and modulus values of modified PP composites were higher compared to the values of CF reinforced PP composites. Melting temperature of all composites was not changed significantly with increasing CF content; however degree of crystallinity values were decreased with the increasing CF content level.     

PP-g-Si与PP-g-MAH对PP/GF的增容机理比较

制备了硅烷接枝聚丙烯(PP-g-Si),研究了PP-g-Si作为PP/GF体系的界面相容剂对界面结合的影响,并与马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯(PP-g-MAH)的增容机理进行了比较。结果表明,PP-g-Si的增容机理为PP-g-Si的甲硅烷基氧与玻纤表面氨基硅烷的氨基相互吸附生成了氢键,而PP-g-MAH的增容机理为PP-g-MAH的酸酐基团与氨基硅烷的氨基发生了化学键合。     

Fracture propagation in particulate-filled polypropylene composites

Composites of isotactic polypropylene and fixed weight (40%) of mica without and with different surface treatments (isopropyl triisostearoyl titanate (TTS) and 3-aminopropyl triethoxy silane) were prepared by injection moulding. The influence of surface treatment on the microstructure and fracture propagation in the composites was investigated. Microstructural investigations revealed that the surface treatments influenced the mica flake orientation, which in turn resulted in the changing of the skin-core zone thickness. The influence of the mica surface treatment was found to be insignificant at –30° C whereas at 25 and 80° C the surface treatments considerably influenced the fracture propagation. The normalized modulus and the fracture toughness (K _c) of the composites were found to vary with mica surface treatments. Interfacial bonding was also found to vary with surface treatment. Schematic models for crack propagation in PP-mica composites are proposed.     

废聚丙烯/滑石粉/三单体固相接枝共聚物复合体系的性能

采用固相接枝法,合成了聚丙烯(PP)与三种单体甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)、马来酸酐(MAH)、丙烯酸丁酯(BA)的接枝共聚物PP-g-MMA/MAH/BA,将该接枝物应用于废聚丙烯(PP)/滑石粉填充体系,研究接枝物对体系的力学性能、微观形态、热性能等的影响。结果表明,在废PP中加入滑石粉进行填充改性,在一定用量的三单体接枝物作用下,废PP的力学性能及热性能有所改善。     

Isocyanate as a compatibilizing agent on the properties of highly crystalline cellulose/polypropylene composites

Composites of a highly crystalline cellulosic microfibres with polypropylene (PP) as well as with maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (MAPP) were prepared by using 1,6-diisocyanatohexane (DIC) as a compatibilizing agent, their mechanical properties, morphologies, and thermal properties were investigated. Results show that the tensile strength and young’s modulus of the composites improved intensively by using DIC. The enhancement is proposed to be due to stronger interfacial adhesion caused by the reduction of the polarity and hydrophilicity of cellulose fiber in PP-based composites, while much more chemically bound MAPP chains on cellulose fiber in MAPP-based composites. A maximum on tensile properties of the composite can be obtained by optimizing of the DIC content. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) indicates that the interfacial adhesion between cellulose fibers and PP or MAPP matrix was improved in DIC coupled composites. Furthermore, DIC yields also some effects on thermal dynamic mechanical properties, as well as melting and crystallization behavior of the composites.     

云母和纤维组合增强聚丙烯复合材料Ⅰ.力学性能研究

以云母填充聚丙烯为基体,连续无规玻璃纤维毡为增强材料,通过双钢带压机制成了云母填充ＧＭＴ（Ｇｌａｓｓ Ｍａｔ Ｒｅｉｎｆｏｒｃｅｄ Ｔｈｅｒｍｏｐｌａｓｔｉｃ）．研究了云母的加入对 ＧＭＴ力学性能的影响,结果表明,少量云母的加入,使ＧＭＴ的力学性能发生明显变化,强度和刚性显著提高,云母和纤维表现出正的组合效应;随着云母填充量增加,ＧＭＴ的强度和模量下降,云母与纤维的组合表现出负效应,云母对ＧＭＴ力学性能的影响主要与云母的加入引起的玻璃纤维与聚丙烯基体之间的界面结合有关,少量云母的加入使玻璃纤维与基体的界面结合强度提高,而大量云母的加入则造成纤维与基体界面结合强度下降,向基体中添加马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯（ＭＰＰ）,能有效改善在云母含量较高情况下纤维与基体的界面结合状况,使高填充云母ＧＭＴ表现出优良的力学性能　还研究了云母粒径对云母填充ＧＭＴ力学性能的影响,     

几种中药渣/PP复合材料的制备与性能

对几种中药渣(山芝麻,葫芦茶,三叉苦,广霍香)进行蒸汽爆破处理,以马来酸酐改性无规共聚聚丙烯(MAPP)作为相容剂,与聚丙烯(PP)复合制备复合材料,实现几种中药渣废弃物资源的高值化利用。分析了各药渣的主要成分,用扫描电镜(SEM)观察药渣及复合材料拉伸断面的形貌。结果表明,蒸汽爆破处理药渣可使纤维束解离出纤维细胞作为增强材料;药渣纤维的种类影响复合材料的拉伸和弯曲性能,选用木质化程度高、半纤维素含量低、杂细胞少的药渣有利于制备出综合性能较好的复合材料。