用于低功耗微型磁通门的Co77Fe2.5Mn1.4Mo2.1Si13B4非晶薄膜研究

采用直流磁控溅射方法制备了一种适用于微型磁通门的Co77Fe2.5Mn1.4Mo2.1Si13B4非晶软磁铁芯薄膜,并对薄膜进行了200℃外加面内横向磁场的真空退火。利用振动样品磁强计(VSM)、X射线扫描仪(XRD)以及扫描电子显微镜(SEM)测试了薄膜的磁滞回线、相组成、表面形貌并进行了成分分析;使用制备得到的薄膜作为双铁芯磁通门的铁芯,测试了磁通门的激励电流、灵敏度和线性范围。结果表明,制备得到的薄膜主要呈非晶态,具有较大的相对磁导率并且磁滞回线在小磁场下出现明显的拐点;用作磁通门铁芯薄膜时,能得到类似使用Co基非晶带材铁芯时的明显的磁通门信号;工作在40kHz时,磁通门传感器能以有效值22mA的激励电流获得2700V/T的输出电压灵敏度。因此,制备得到的薄膜适用于低功耗、高灵敏度微型磁通门传感器。     

基于电容检测MEMS磁传感器的设计与制作

为实现微型化、低功耗、低成本和高灵敏度的磁传感器,提出了一种基于微型磁扭摆结构的磁传感器,并利用对角度变化非常敏感的差分电容检测技术对磁扭摆的扭转角度进行检测．设计的磁传感器包括微扭摆结构、磁性敏感薄膜和差分检测电容等部分．分析了器件的磁敏感原理和电容检测原理,给出了器件的结构参数和综合设计考虑．利用体硅加工工艺成功制作出了磁传感器样品,并进行了实验测试．测试结果表明磁传感器有良好的线性度和重复性,其磁场检测的电容灵敏度可达到0．2fF／Gauss．根据对磁传感器的热噪声分析,可得到磁传感器最小可分辨的磁场为6．72μT．该磁传感器结构简凑、工艺简单,无需电流激励,大大降低了磁传感器功耗．     

Cu/Co双层膜微观结构和磁学性能

用原子力显微镜(AFM)和X射线衍射(XRD)研究了不同厚度Cu/Co双层膜的表面形貌和微观结构,并用振动样品磁强计(VSM)测量了磁滞回线。实验结果表明,薄膜表面由均匀岛状结构组成,随着Co薄膜厚度增加,"小岛"高度升高,之后部分"小岛"发生合并长大。当Co薄膜厚度为5和15nm时,Co为fcc结构;当Co薄膜厚度为30nm时,fcc结构和hcp结构同时存在。此外,随着Co薄膜厚度增加,对应磁滞回线矩形度逐渐变大,并且矫顽力和饱和磁化强度逐渐增大。     

磁势自平衡回馈补偿式直流传感器特性研究

在磁势自平衡回馈补偿式直流传感器中，检测补偿回路对系统的精度有很大影响。检测回路利用一对铁芯和线圈对一次被测电流和二次平衡电流磁势之差进行检测。根据铁芯近似矩形磁化曲线在分析其磁通变化的基础上，对检测回路进行了理论研究，给出了检测灵敏度的计算表达式。通过分析表达式，认为通过增大激励电压和总电流，提高取样电阻，增加铁芯材料相对磁导率、检测绕组匝数，增大铁芯截面积，减小平均等效磁路长度可以提高检测灵敏度，这些措施在实验中得到了验证，灵敏度最高达到了124mV／AT。根据磁势自平衡回馈补偿式直流传感机理，设计了实验样机，实验结果证明了这种新理论的正确性。     

Pr2/3Sr1/3MnO3薄膜外场诱导自旋输运特性

采用脉冲激光沉积法制备了稀土掺杂钙钛矿锰氧化物Pr2/3Sr1/3MnO3(PSMO)外延薄膜,研究了薄膜在磁场、激光和电流作用下的自旋输运特性.在低温铁磁金属相,激光作用使薄膜的电阻增大,而磁场和电流则诱导电阻减小;在高温顺磁绝缘态,外场诱导均使电阻减小.在铁磁金属相,外场诱导输运特性的变化可归结于外场对体系电子自旋系统的影响:磁场和电流加强材料中eg电子和t2g局域电子间的自旋平行,增强了双交换作用;激光作用可产生光致退磁效应,减弱双交换作用.在顺磁绝缘态,场致电阻降低源于外场致使小极化子的退局域化效应.     

非晶CoFeSiBMo合金微带磁性能及在MI磁敏感元件中的应用

采用单辊快淬法制备(Co0.942Fe0.058)71-x Si6.4B22.6Mox(x=0~5)非晶微带。合金微带的玻璃转化温度(Tg)随着Mo含量的增加由805K单调升高至832K;Mo含量为x=5时,过冷液相区ΔTx达最大值,表明添加Mo提高了该体系合金的非晶形成能力。饱和磁化强度(Ms)随Mo含量的增加而减小,但在Mo元素含量x=2时,矫顽力(Hc)值最小,有效磁导率(μe)最大。磁学性能测试结果显示,与常规热处理相比,磁场热处理对微带软磁性能改善更加明显。经过纵向磁场热处理,(Co0.942Fe0.058)69Si6.4B22.6Mo2非晶微带饱和磁化强度和有效磁导率分别达到80.99A·m2/kg和12 510,与制备态相比,分别增加40.15%和65.52%;而矫顽力为0.64A/m,减小48.39%。在驱动频率为43kHz时,以(Co0.942Fe0.058)69Si6.4B22.6Mo2为磁芯的MI磁敏感元件,对磁场灵敏度最大为136%/(A·m-1),对弱磁场响应灵敏。     

基于稳恒磁场环境下Sm-Fe-B GMF成膜及其性能测试与模拟

在施加不同磁场强度及方向的稳恒磁场环境中,采用离子束溅射沉积法,在玻璃衬底上制备SmFe-B超磁致伸缩薄膜(GMF)。使用LS-7010M-KC激光微位移传感器与交变梯度磁强计(AGM)分别测试薄膜悬臂梁磁偏转量与磁滞回线,以研究制备时施加稳恒磁场对薄膜磁致伸缩性能及软磁性能的影响。利用微磁学软件OOMMF,模拟研究了在外加相同实验磁场强度下,施加不同稳恒磁场强度对Sm-Fe-B薄膜磁矩分布的影响。实验研究结果表明,施加稳恒磁场下制备的薄膜样品,其饱和磁致伸缩性能明显优于无磁场环境所制备的样品;在实验条件下,薄膜样品的磁致伸缩性能随着施加稳恒磁场强度的增大而提高。模拟与实验研究结果均表明,Sm-Fe-B GMF的易磁化轴与沉积过程中所施加的稳恒磁场方向一致。在特定的悬臂梁结构应用中,薄膜沉积过程中通过改变施加不同稳恒磁场方向与其强度大小,可获得达到所需易磁化轴方向且具有较大磁偏转量的薄膜元件。     

Fe78Co2Zr8Nb2B10-xGex（x=1,2,3）合金的晶化过程和磁性能研究

采用单辊快淬法制备Fe78Co2Zr8Nb2B10-xGex(x=1,2,3)系非晶合金,在不同热处理条件下对两种合金进行热处理。利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)和振动样品磁强计(VSM)等测试手段对合金的微观结构和磁性能进行研究。研究结果表明,3种合金的晶化过程相似:非晶→非晶+α-Fe(Co)→α-Fe(Co)+Fe3Zr+Fe2B。3种合金的比饱和磁化强度(Ms)大体上随退火温度的升高而增大;3种合金的矫顽力(Hc)随退火温度的升高均呈现先增加、后降低、再增加的复杂变化趋势。     

[NiFe/Cu/Co/Cu]_n多层纳米线在巨磁电阻位移传感器中的应用

采用双槽电沉积法制备了巨磁电阻(Giant Magnetorsistance;GMR)材料[NiFe/Cu/Co/Cu]_n多层纳米线阵列,并以其为磁传感器芯片,设计并制备了GMR位移传感器,在不同温度下测试了其灵敏度。研究表明,该GMR位移传感器的输出电压与位移具有较好的线性关系,在10~40℃环境温度内具有良好的稳定性。与[NiF e/Cu/Co/Cu]_n多层膜作传感器芯片相比,以[NiFe/Cu/Co/Cu]_n多层纳米线作为芯片时传感器灵敏度更高。     

基于新型鼓包法测试NiFe2O4薄膜的力磁性能

为表征NiFe_2O_4(NFO)薄膜材料的力磁性能,利用自主研发的新型多场耦合鼓包测试系统和发展的铁磁材料鼓包力磁本构方程,采用溶胶-凝胶法和化学腐蚀法制备了NFO薄膜鼓包样品,并在不同力磁条件下研究了NFO薄膜力磁耦合性能。结果表明,在外加磁场为0Oe时,NFO薄膜弹性模量和残余应力分别为187.8GPa和500.8 MPa。随着外加磁场的增大,NFO薄膜弹性模量由0Oe时的187.8GPa逐渐增大到800Oe时的484.6GPa;磁致伸缩系数由200Oe时的-94.2×10~(-6)增大到800Oe时的-326.2×10~(-6)。当鼓包油压由0kPa增大到50kPa时,NFO薄膜剩余磁化强度降低75%,矫顽磁场降低44%。     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Effect of Permeable Crystalline Material on Steel Reinforcement Corrosion of Concrete

Permeable crystalline materialcan permeate into pores and cracks of concrete and catalyze the reaction between Ca(OH) 2and unhydrated cement to generate a great quantity needle non-soluble crystals, which can stop up the pores and cracks of concrete, and increase the impermeability of concrete. This paper reported the results of a study conducted to evaluate steel reinforcement corrosion of concrete specimens uncoated and coated with permeable crystalline material as well as mixed with the permeable crystalline material. The properties evaluated for corrosion test were water impermeability, water absorption, compressive strength and potential. The results of water impermeability, water absorption, compressive strength clearly showed that the permeable crystalline material could prohibit water, any soluble salts and moisture from penetrating the concrete to cause corrosion, leaking, and other problems, and it did increase the compressive strength, which was favorable for protection of corrosion of reinforcing steel. Moreover, it was concluded from the potential-time curve that the steel reinforcement of uncoated specimen was in the state of activation whereas that of other specimens coated and mixed with the permeable crystalline material was in the state of inactivation. Above all, it was indicated that the permeable crystalline materialis very effective to protect the steel reinforcement of concrete from corrosion.     

The Research and Application About "Dry Peeling Off" Technology for Airplane Surface Paint Layer

In this paper, the principle of spurting take off lacquer were introduced; and with orthogonal method the unsaturate polyester was prepared ;it was easy to peel airplane paint layer off with this material and equipment.     

Quality Study of Honeycomb Core Shaping Without Wax Stabilization

Sandwich panels utilizing honeycomb cores result in lightweight, high-strength units that are very rigid. Indeed, they give honeycomb panels the best strength-to-weight ratio of any construction type available. Conventionally, the wax is poured into the cell of the core to strengthen the structure and prevent the core from being crushed during milling. Much time and labor is required to wax, mill, and clean the cores. In this study, the process of pouring wax into the core was skipped. In other words, the cutter directly milled the core. Experiments showed that the compressive strength of the core produced without wax stabilization was only 3% lower than that of cores produced using the traditional method. In addition, the drum peel strengths of cores produced without wax stabilization were 38.4% higher than cores produced using the traditional method, in which residual wax seriously polluted the adhesive. It was also found that eliminating the wax process can reduce costs.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

In-process thermal treatment of polylactic acid in fused deposition modelling

Polylactic acid (PLA) is one of the most widely used open source fused filament fabrication materials due to its ease of extrusion, biodegradability, and mechanical strength. The mechanical strength of PLA largely depends on the proper growth of its semi-crystalline structure, which can be severely impaired by a low rate of crystallization, particularly in open source printers. This can be further aggravated by the non-uniform thermal distribution of heat that causes improper curing among the extruded beads of the printing material. As a result, PLA printed on open source printers does not achieve the best mechanical properties. This research, for the first time, proposes an additive-free solution implemented through a detailed set of experimentation to improve the curing rate through in-process temperature variations to cure the joints among the beads. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy is used to confirm the improvements in the bead joints. This work is conducted in two phases of experiments. In the first phase, a full factorial ANOVA is used to investigate various process parameters and the important variables are used in the second phase to print test specimens in four different sets.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.