原子力显微镜对透明质酸分形结构的研究

利用原子力显微镜研究了浓度分别为0.01 mg/mL、0.1 mg/mL、1 mg/mL的透明质酸(HA)在云母上的自组装形貌,从中得出透明质酸在云母表面生长聚集形成树枝状分形结构是有浓度限制的结论,并对其生长聚集形成树枝状分形结构的作用机理和生长过程进行了研究。透明质酸的树枝状分形结构具有统计意义上的自相似性,属不规则分形结构,与计算机模拟的DLA模型相一致。研究透明质酸的分形结构为研究透明质酸各种存在状态与其生物功能之间的关系提供了有益的帮助。     

原子力显微术对透明质酸自组装行为的研究

应用原子力显微术(AFM)对透明质酸(HA)在云母表面的自组装体系进行表征,获得了HA在云母表面自组装成的纤维状、三维网状及独特的具有分形特征的树枝状结构。纤维状及三维网状形貌对于研究其在体内发挥的生理作用具有重要意义。树枝状结构符合分形学中的DLA模型。研究HA通过自组装形成的自然界普遍存在的网状及树枝状分形结构,对于理解其结构与功能之间的关系具有重要意义。     

多孔材料孔结构分形维数的研究现状

分形表征是多孔材料孔结构表征中的一种新兴的方法。通过构造分形几何模型，阐述了多孔材料孔结构分形表征中不同类型的分形维数。分析了现阶段研究中存在的问题，探讨了分形表征在多孔材料孔结构表征中未来的发展趋势。     

分形理论及其在材料科学中的应用

分形理论是现代科学研究领域中一种重要的数学工具和手段。本文介绍了分形及分形维数的相关概念,重点讨论了分形理论在材料科学,如材料磨损表面分析、材料断裂表面分析、材料烧结与氧化过程、材料凝固和相变过程等方面的应用。     

分形计算方法及在材料表界面中的应用

主要介绍分形这一几何方法在材料表界面研究中的应用.通过对国内外文献及资料的查阅了解,分别介绍了材料表界面分形维数的计算测定方法以及分形理论在材料表界面领域中的研究现状.对分维计算方法如网格法、小岛法和实验测定方法(吸附法)等做了详细的分析,对分形在材料表界面上的应用前景也进行了展望,分析了分形理论在表界面应用研究中的可行性.     

壳聚糖的分维模拟及自组装复合膜的制备与表征

用原子力显微术及计算机模拟计算研究了壳聚糖的分形维数,壳聚糖与肝素形成的自组装复合膜。对壳聚糖的分形维数的模拟计算表明,壳聚糖胶粒堆积程度越高,其分形维数越小．利用两种方法即层层自组装法和混合成膜法制备了壳聚糖／肝素的复合膜,与后一方法所制备的膜相反,前一方法制备的膜的表面颗粒虽然较小但平均粗糙度较大。原子力显微术是生物大分子分形表征、生物膜表征的有力工具。     

基于分形和随机扩散描述食品材料的干燥速率

基于食品材料的分形结构特性和气体随机扩散理论,建立了食品材料干燥的微观模型来解释干燥曲线的特性。恒速干燥阶段是水分在物料表面蒸发造成的含水率下降且干燥过程还没有形成干燥前沿的阶段,此过程被认为是简单随机扩散过程,与时间成线性关系。降速干燥阶段蒸发过程发生在物料内部蒸发前沿,水分通过具有分形特性的物料内部孔隙,遵循分形随机扩散到达干燥前沿,此过程被认为是不规则随机扩散,干燥速率与时间成幂指数关系,与分形维数成指数关系。通过分形模型与实验数据对比验证了模型的正确性。     

介孔材料分形表征的研究进展

分形是材料表征中一种新兴的方法。本文介绍了介孔材料的基本特性和表征方法;阐述了分形理论的发展、分形维数的计算测定与分形在介孔材料表征中的应用,分析了介孔材料的分形模型,指出分形在介孔材料表征中的发展前景。     

壳聚糖/Fmoc-FF自组装水凝胶的制备及其流变性研究

九芴甲氧羰基-二苯丙氨酸(Fmoc-FF)自组装水凝胶作为一种新型肽类材料,存在许多潜在应用,但因其自组装可调控性差,对酶稳定性差等特点严重制约了其在生物、医学等领域的应用。壳聚糖具有良好的成膜性、低毒性、生物相容性、体内可降解性以及一定的抗菌抗肿瘤等优异性能,广泛应用于水凝胶的制备。本研究以壳聚糖作为Fmoc-FF自组装的调控剂制备了自组装复合水凝胶,利用红外光谱(FT-IR)对其分子结构进行表征,扫描电镜(SEM)观察其微观形貌,旋转流变仪对其流变性能进行评价。结果表明,在研究范围内,体系中壳聚糖浓度为40mg/mL时,复合水凝胶形成最快,结构稳定性最好,对于Fmoc-FF自组装水凝胶的应用有了进一步的进展。     

分形概念及材料研究中的若干分形现象

本文叙述了分形及其在材料科学中的某些应用。主要内容有三方面:(1)规则和不规则分形的概念以及求分形维数的各种方法;(2)无序和分形,包括自然和物理现象中的分形,质量分形和表面分形、聚集体生长过程的模拟;(3)应用分形的例子,其中包括粉体生长过程和分形,离子束作用下薄膜相变中的分形现象,断裂面的定量观察。     

Estimation of Parameters of Universal Distribution of Moments of Failure of Products

A method is proposed for estimating the parameters of a mixture of exponential and Weibull distributions for which the accuracy of preliminary estimates obtained by graphical analysis is refined in accordance with the criterion of maximum likelihood. The efficiency of the proposed method is supported by the results of statistical modeling.     

Evaluation of optical properties of highly scattering media by moments of distributions of times of flight of photons

A novel method for the determination of the optical properties of tissue from time-domain measurements is presented. The data analysis is based on the evaluation of the first moment and the second centralized moment, i.e., the mean time of flight and the variance of the measured distribution of times of flight (DTOF) of photons injected by short (picosecond) laser pulses. Analytical expressions are derived for calculation of absorption and of reduced scattering coefficients from these moments by application of diffusion theory for infinite and semi-infinite homogeneous media. The proposed method was tested on experimental data obtained with phantoms, and results for absorption and reduced scattering coefficients obtained by the proposed method are compared with those obtained by fitting of the same data with analytical solutions of the diffusion equation. Furthermore, the accuracy of the moment analysis was investigated for a range of integration limits of the DTOF. The moment analysis may serve as a comparatively fast method for evaluating optical properties with sufficient accuracy and can be used, e.g., for on-line monitoring of optical properties of biological tissue.     

Assessment of intakes of mixtures of radionuclides

Australia has several uranium mines and a large number of mineral sand mines, with associated processing facilities. Exposures resulting from these mining and processing operations usually involve intakes of mixtures of radionuclides. This work describes the development of a suite of first order, linear compartment models, based on the ICRP Publication 66 respiratory tract model, and an analytical solution to the decay equations, for assessing the consequences of such intakes. The computer programs based on these models directly compute excretion, organ retention and organ and whole-body doses for intakes of either single radionuclides or any mixture of radionuclides belonging to the same radioactive decay chain. The intake can be via inhalation, ingestion or injection, and can be acute, chronic or of limited duration. The starting concentration and degree of secular (dis)equilibrium can be specified for each radionuclide. No assumptions need to be made about the relative magnitudes of the radioactive half-lives of the different nuclides.     

Estimation of potentialities of methods of summation of direct measurement errors

Conventional methods for summation of direct measurement errors are considered. Conditions under which these methods provide consistent results are stated. It is proposed to utilize for characteristic of the total error, its interval estimator or the half-sum of the value obtained by adding up its arithmetic and geometric random errors.Translated from Izmeritel'naya Tekhnika, No. 4, pp. 10–12, April, 1995.     

Analysis of the rate of propagation of the wave of change of boiling modes

An approximate analytical expression is derived for the velocity of the front of the wave of change of boiling modes on a rod and on a plate. The impact of the Thomson effect and of the heater orientation in the gravity field is included. Adequate agreement is demonstrated between the derived relations and experimental data.     

空压机轴承箱蜗壳温度探头油封改造

由于空压机进气侧轴承箱蜗壳温度探头密封效果不好,使空压机及其后续管道受到油污染。后将温度探头的O形圈密封改为骨架油封,杜绝了轴承箱漏油问题。文章简介空压机的结构和技术参数,详细介绍了骨架油封的制作和优点。     

Determination of parameters of microstructural inhomogeneity of deformation of metals by the method of modeling

The article suggests a method of evaluating the microstructural inhomogeneity of deformation of metals by modeling. The method includes the measurement of deformations of metal according to meshes of a dividing grid with small base and the calculation of the distribution parameters of microdeformations in model representation. It is shown that the modeling method makes it possible objectively to evaluate the microinhomogeneity of deformation of metals independently of the chosen mesh size of the dividing grid. New structural characteristics are introduced: the base and wave of variation expressing the degree of crumbling or amalgamation of metal grains by inhomogeneity of deformation.Translated from Problemy Prochnosti, No. 7, pp. 40–44, July, 1991.     

Characteristics of mechanical properties of materials in studies of conditions of attainment of marginal states

It is shown that conditions of attainment of marginal states in the material of structural components are formulated on the basis of analysis of force and deformation criteria of formation and development of destruction. The parameters of these criteria are data on types of structural materials, standard and special characteristics of their mechanical properties, structural forms of considered elements of the equipment, and their operating stress loading. In this case, the construction of a system of state equations for describing interrelation of current damage, external actions, and responses to them is based on the concept of calculating variations in properties of materials at all stages of the design life cycle.