一种基于自适应灰色预测控制的复合控制方法

通过对稳定平台位置跟踪回路的时滞特性分析,提出了一种基于自适应灰色预测控制的复合控制方法(CAGPC),从而提高稳定平台伺服系统的响应和干扰的抑制。首先针对常规固定步长灰色预测和预测模型存在预测误差的弊端,提出了一种同时调节预测步长和综合误差权值的自适应调节模块,依据控制系统实际误差和预测误差,同时调节灰色预测步长和预测误差的权值,来提高预测模型的适应性与系统的控制精度;其次针对外界干扰引入前馈补偿控制器对扰动进行抑制来改善稳定平台伺服系统的干扰抑制;最后通过数值仿真和稳定平台实验验证表明,基于自适应灰色预测控制的复合控制方法提高了稳定平台伺服系统的响应和干扰抑制能力。     

基于复合核模的物流需求预测研究

物流需求预测在制定发展规模、资源整合、政策法规拟定中起着至关重要的作用。为提高预测性能,提出一种基于复合核模的预测模型。利用全局核函数与局部核函数分别训练参训样本,根据训练结果动态提取复合核模底层函数,将底层核函数进行非线性组合;利用该复合核模对训练样本进行在线解析,并对测试样本进行预测检验。利用我国运输物流流量物流统计数据进行案例分析,实验结果表明,基于复合核模的预测模型能从数据源头增强样本的解析性能与非线性学习能力,并能提高预测模型的预测精度,增强泛化性能。     

基于蝙蝠算法优化VMD参数的滚动轴承复合故障分离方法EI北大核心CSCD

针对强背景噪声干扰下的滚动轴承复合故障特征难以提取且变分模态分解(variational modal decomposition,VMD)中参数需要提前确定的问题,提出一种基于蝙蝠算法优化VMD参数的滚动轴承复合故障分离方法。首先,提出一种新的复合影响指数,将其与现有指标进行比较,结果表明,所提指标对故障信号的敏感性提高了29.6%。然后,将最小平均复合影响指数作为目标函数,利用蝙蝠算法自适应搜索VMD的最优参数进行变分模态分解。最后,对分解后的模态分量进行包络解调分析,通过包络谱判断轴承的故障类型。仿真及试验结果表明,该方法能够从噪声干扰下的复合故障信号中有效分离出单一故障信息,实现轴承故障类型的确定,从而验证了该方法的有效性。     

基于改进的希尔伯特振动分解的机械故障诊断方法研究

针对多分量机械故障振动信号的特征提取问题,介绍一种基于希尔伯特振动分解(HVD)的时频分析方法。该方法首先利用Hilbert变换得到原始振动信号的解析信号,然后通过对解析信号的瞬时频率低通滤波获得信号中幅值最大分量的瞬时频率,同时经同步检测获得相应的瞬时幅值和初相位,最后经过迭代运算自适应地检测出原信号各分量的时频信息。针对HVD方法的边界效应问题,提出一种基于相关系数准则的波形匹配边界延拓法对其进行改进。通过两组仿真信号分析验证了HVD方法对多分量非平稳信号的分解能力,同时表明改进的HVD方法能很好地抑制边界效应。给出转子系统油膜涡动故障诊断实例,验证了该方法的工程实用性。     

基于AWMMD的柴油机气缸故障特征提取方法研究

针对柴油机气缸故障诊断时的噪声干扰问题,提出一种自适应加权多尺度形态分解(adaptive weighted multi-scale morphological decomposing, AWMMD)方法,从各个缸盖表面振动信号中提取故障特征。基于三种组合算子构造一种新的组合差值形态滤波器,用于对振动信号进行多尺度分解;以Teager能量峭度作为评判指标,设计基于遗传算法的各尺度形态模式分量(morphological mode component, MMC)权值自适应分配算法,提出加权多尺度形态分解方法;将自适应权值与多尺度分解的形态模式分量进行绑定,得到优化的故障特征提取结果。仿真信号测试与柴油机故障模拟信号分析结果表明,该方法能有效抑制噪声干扰并提取故障特征。     

基于自适应波束形成和ICA的消噪系统

介绍了自适应宽带波束形成和快速独立分量分析的基本理论和算法,分析了固定波束形成的理论局限性及自适应宽带波束形成的优越性。提出了一种基于自适应波束形成和独立分量分析的消噪系统,算法显著地抑制了噪声、增强了语音,又具有稳定快速的性能。同时分析了自适应波束形成单元数或者输入信号数对算法性能的影响,对实际应用具有指导意义。     

基于自动搜峰瞬时频率估计的自适应多阶比分析技术研究

提出一种利用自动搜峰的瞬时频率估计技术来实现旋转机械自适应多阶比分析(Adaptive Multiple Order Tracking,AMOT)的新方法。首先,通过时频分析得到振动信号的时频分布,根据频率峰值坐标自动选取搜峰起始点,自适应搜索出不同阶比分量的时频峰值。其次,利用最小二乘法将不同频率分量进行拟合实现瞬时频率估计,然后根据参考分量计算出重采样的鉴相时标对原始信号进行重采样,最后通过FFT变换实现阶比分析。该方法通过瞬时频率估计能够自动识别出所有阶比分量,实现优中选优,避免了传统算法中人为直观选取一个分量进行遮掩滤波提取分量的方法,减少了人为选取分量及起始点造成的误差,具有自适应性。并且无需同步采集转速信号,大大简化了应用条件,同时减少了人为因素,提高了分析精度,为旋转机械故障诊断提供了新方法。仿真实验和应用实例验证了方法的有效性。     

EMD-SVM非线性组合模型对高炉铁水含硅量的预测

提出了一种基于经验模式分解(EMD)和支持向量机(SVM)的非线性组合模型的预测方法.该方法运用EMD将原始铁水含硅量的时间序列分解成若干个频率不同的平稳分量,分解后的分量突出了原序列的局部特征.通过Lempel-Ziv复杂度分析选用不同的核函数,并利用10-fold交叉检验方法取定相应的参数,从而对各个分量构建不同的支持向量机模型,并对各分量进行预测.仿真结果表明,EMD-SVM非线性组合模型预测命中率达到90%.     

基于广义解调平滑能量分离算法的瞬时频率估计

平滑能量分离算法能够跟踪调幅调频信号的瞬时频率,结合广义解调和复解析Gabor滤波器的优点能够克服平滑能量分离算法只适用于单分量窄带信号以及对噪声敏感的局限性。理论分析了负频干扰对传统广义解调多分量分离方法的影响,在此基础上提出了一种新的基于广义解调的平滑能量分离算法,该方法利用广义解调将非平稳信号转化为准平稳信号,再通过复解析Gabor滤波器对其进行滤波以达到单分量信号分离的效果,分离出来的准平稳信号无需进行逆广义解调,直接采用平滑能量分离算法求取瞬时频率,经过频率补偿得到原始信号的瞬时频率。仿真和试验结果表明该方法能够克服负频率干扰,且比传统方法具有更高的解调精度,进一步扩大了平滑能量分离算法的应用范围。     

基于转速自适应多阶FRFT滤波提取瞬变工况齿轮微弱故障特征

提出了一种基于转速信号自适应分段的多阶FRFT滤波方法,并应用于提取瞬变工况下变速器齿轮微弱故障特征。首先,根据设定的振动信号频率曲线曲率阈值将目标档位啮合频率时频曲线自适应分为若干段,使得每段内的信号频率近似线性变化;然后,在各分段内进行最小二乘拟合确定相应的FRFT最佳阶次,并在各段信号的最佳分数阶域进行滤波,实现基于转速自适应分段的多阶FRFT滤波。采用该方法分析实测变速器瞬变工况振动信号。结果表明,基于转速信号自适应分段确定多阶FRFT的最佳阶次,准确、快速、自适应性好;多阶FRFT滤波能够有效分离出瞬变工况下的啮合频率分量,隔离其他干扰;对分离出的啮合频率分量进行阶次包络解调分析,能有效提取出齿轮微弱故障特征。     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

Mechanism Study on the Wear of CrAlTiN Coated High-Speed Steel Twist Drills Under Dry Cutting Conditions

As demands about environment protection are growing up, dry cutting technology is getting more and more concerns from all over the world. Main works performed here are study on dry cutting performances and wear mechanisms of M2high-speed steel (HSS) twist drills with CrAlTiN multicomponent coatings, which was deposited using magnetron sputter ion plating system, in drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, and their comparisons to those in drilling the same steel but using monolayer CrN and commercial TiN coated drills. Drilling performances of drills are evaluated mainly through the measurements of width on outer corner flank land and the cutting forces. Results show that performances of CrAlTiN coated drills are better than those of monolayer CrN and TiN coated drills. In drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, the average tool life of the CrAlTiN coated drills are 17.2 and 11.8 times higher than those of the uncoated drills. Observing wear of the drill with scanning electronic microscope, results show that there is no crack or spallation of the CrAlTiN coatings in wear zones. Main mechanism of the wear here is adhesion.     

Structural Characteristics of TiO2 Ceramic Coating by Micro-Plasma Oxidation

TiO2 ceramic coatings with thickness of 20 μm were formed on the surface of pure titanium by micro-plasma oxidation. Their micro-structures were investigated by by using X-ray diffraction and their surface images were detected by using scan electronic microscope. There were three kinds of TiO2 coatings, pure anatase type TiO2 phase, mixed phases consisted of rutile type TiO2 phase and anatase type TiO2 phase, pure rutile type TiO2 phase. The coating surface with the pure anatase type TiO2 phase is rough, while the coating surface with the pure rutile type TiO2phase is smooth. The upper coating surface with the mixed type TiO2 phases is anatase type TiO2 structure and the subsurface of the TiO2 coating is rutile type TiO2structure.