半导体制造业用微纳米碳化硅粉体制备工艺研究

采用水流分级和高能纳米冲击磨对原始SiC粉料进行微纳米粉体加工。研究结果表明:水流分级得到纯度98.42%、中位粒径0.404μm的SiC粉体,比表面积由0.8879m2/g提高到8.0321m2/g;高能冲击磨得到纯度95.5%、中位粒径0.257μm的SiC粉体,比表面积由0.8879m2/g提高到8.2773m2/g,SiC的粒径及比表面积达到半导体制造业用微纳米碳化硅粉体的技术标准。纯度分析表明碳化硅粉体的水流分级未引入杂质,化学成分基本不变;SiC粉体冲击磨加工纯度下降,其他杂质含量偏高。粉体形貌分析表明原始SiC粉料形貌为非球形,粒度分布不均匀,水流分级和冲击磨加工碳化硅粉体形貌为非球形,粒度分布较加工前更均匀。     

微波加热焦碳与石英砂合成SiC粉体

以粒度为～2μm,5～20μm,100～200μm的焦炭颗粒,粒度为～1μm的石英砂粉体为原料,采用微波加热合成了碳化硅粉体.在1600℃下保温30min,反应能完全进行,合成产物中β-SiC的含量达到98%以上.得到的SiC粉体具有与焦炭颗粒近似的颗粒尺寸.研究表明,微波加热具有节能快速的优点,能显著地促进反应的进行.     

SiCp／Al基复合材料中增强颗粒统计特征的定量化研究

基于微观组织对SiC颗粒增强铝基复合材料中SiC颗粒的特征做统计性的定量分析,研究了SiC颗粒的形状、光滑度以及粒度等特征分布规律。结果表明：增强颗粒的形状因子在正方形（1：1）与长方形（1：2）之间,且表面光滑程度相似。粒径范围为1-12μm之间,大小分布规律可用GaussAmp函数表示,位置分布带有明显的团聚特征。根据所获得的颗粒统计特征规律建立了基于视场的胞元模型,其视场范围为295μm×190μm。颗粒的形状视作长方形,边长分别为5μm和7．5μm,颗粒的面积百分数为19．09％,颗粒呈带状分布,所划分的四个区域内颗粒的个数分别为29、126、105、25。     

水镁石粉湿法超细制备和表面改性一体化研究

由于粉体在进行超细粉碎后，比表面积增大，表面能升高，颗粒极易团聚，在进行表面改性后，所得粉体有很多大颗粒团聚体。运用行星式高能球磨机，在球磨过程中加入助磨剂，促进颗粒的分散，同时加入表面活性剂，将粉体进行表面改性，一改以前将粉体超细后再进行表面改性，避免了粉体的二次团聚。使用激光粒度分析仪、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、接触角测定仪等现代分析检测技术对粉体的粒径、形貌和表面性质进行了表征。结果表明，这种超细和改性一体化的处理方法能显著降低水镁石粉的粒度分布并使其形貌均匀，在研磨20min后粉体粒径就降到0．51μm以下，改性后的粉体活化指数高。     

有机添加剂-超强碱共沉淀法制备纳米氧化锆粉体的研究

用X射线荧光光谱、X射线衍射、透射电镜和粒度分析仪等手段对有机添加剂—超强碱共沉淀法制备的粉体性能进行了表征。结果表明，以氯氧化锆、氢氧化钠为原料，有机聚合物聚乙二醇(PEG4000)为添加剂，采用有机添加剂—超强碱共沉淀法，通过控制适当的工艺条件，可制备出粒径为10nm左右的高纯纳米多晶氧化锆粉体，得到了室温稳定的纳米四方多晶氧化锆粉体。超强碱共沉淀法所制备的粉体具有纯度高和氧离子等杂质少等特点。该粉体873K处理的粉体一次粒径为10nm左右，其粒度小，分散性好,粒度分布窄，二次颗粒平均粒径为0．46μm。     

超微粉碎机的物料粉碎分级实验与仿真分析

为了获得超微粉碎机最优的粉碎效果并保证出料颗粒细微且均匀，在一定的刀盘转速条件下使用超微粉碎机进行粉碎实验；为了优选喂料频率，分析不同喂料频率对刀盘粉碎效果的影响；对比试样的粒径分布，分析刀盘和分级轮对物料的粉碎与分级效果；采用Fluent软件将超微粉碎机内部流场可视化，分析不同分级轮转速条件下物料在出料口的质量流率分布以及分级区域的流场状态。结果表明：当刀盘转速为1 232 r/min时，喂料频率对颗粒粒径的分布影响较小，优选喂料频率为20 Hz;分级轮转速对粒径>40μm的颗粒的分级效果的影响更大，但对粒径>0.5～40μm的颗粒的分级影响较小；随着分级轮转速的增大，物料出口处的细颗粒含量增大，粒径减小；当刀盘转速为1 232 r/min、分级轮转速为900 r/min时，粉碎腔内部的速度等值线分布最均匀而且流体流动平稳，切向速度与压力分布的对称性最好，气流在轴向方向上整体表现为上升运动，有利于物料稳定地出料；较优分级轮转速为900 r/min。     

磁性蓄冷材料HoCu2的雾化成形研究

采用旋转盘离心雾化设备制备了磁性蓄冷材料HoCu2粉末，并对雾化粉末进行了分析。结果表明，粒径＜154μm雾化粉末的比例较高，接近30％，粉末形态主要以球形颗粒为主，仅有极少量的形状不规则颗粒；粒径在矽φ154～300μm粉末的比例最大，收得率在60％以上，与粒径＜φ154μm粉末相比，残缺颗粒的比例有所增加；大尺寸粉末（＞φ300μm）的比例很低，仅为9％左右，除了少量带有缺陷的球形颗粒外，绝大多数为薄片状颗粒．雾化粉末的Cu含量为43．59％（质量分数），氧含量为0．055％（质量分数），为单一HoCu2相结构，无其它杂相存在。     

三七超微粉体与细粉、不同目数范围粉体的粒度分布和显微形貌特征的比较

通过比较三七超微粉体、细粉(三七常规饮片)以及不同目数范围粉体(三七细粉经多次筛分得到的粉体)在粒度分布、显微形貌特征方面的差异,探讨了超微粉碎技术应用于中药三七加工的优势。应用激光粒度分析仪对三七超微粉体与细粉、不同目数范围粉体的粒度及其分布进行表征,观察其显微形貌特征。粒度分布测试和显微形貌观察的结果表明,超微粉粒度分布在0.30～24μm,大部分粉体达到了10μm以下,呈对称的单峰分布,引起团聚的作用力为各种表面力,说明超微粉体均匀度高质量易控。三七细粉及不同目数范围的粉体粒度分布范围在2～190μm,分布不对称,引起团聚的作用力为重力的等质量力,说明其均匀度差,质量难以控制。     

我国纳米碳酸钙的研究和生产情况简述

碳酸钙按平均粒径可分为5个粒度等级：微粒（〉5μm）、微粉（1～5μm）、微细（0．1～1μm）、超细（0．02～0．1μm）、超微细（≤0．02μm）。纳米碳酸钙材料是指颗粒尺寸大小在1-100nm的超细粉末碳酸钙。     

采用双重分散剂制备水溶性超微纺锤形碳酸钙

首次报道了将未经消化的工业生石灰转化为CaCl2 ,对于反应中产生的氨不进行分离 ,直接作为后续反应的 pH调节剂及分散剂的前驱物 ,通过PAM和NH4 Cl双重分散剂作用下 ,制备水溶性超微纺锤形CaCO3 粉体的工艺过程 ,并对其反应过程、烘干条件进行了探讨 ,表征了CaCO3 的外貌 ,测定了粒度及粒度分布 ,并分析了纯度。结果表明 ,纺锤体长径比为 3 :1,粒度分布为 0 .1～ 0 .5 μm ,平均粒径为0 .2 4μm,纯度高于 99.90 %。     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.     

Mechanism Study on the Wear of CrAlTiN Coated High-Speed Steel Twist Drills Under Dry Cutting Conditions

As demands about environment protection are growing up, dry cutting technology is getting more and more concerns from all over the world. Main works performed here are study on dry cutting performances and wear mechanisms of M2high-speed steel (HSS) twist drills with CrAlTiN multicomponent coatings, which was deposited using magnetron sputter ion plating system, in drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, and their comparisons to those in drilling the same steel but using monolayer CrN and commercial TiN coated drills. Drilling performances of drills are evaluated mainly through the measurements of width on outer corner flank land and the cutting forces. Results show that performances of CrAlTiN coated drills are better than those of monolayer CrN and TiN coated drills. In drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, the average tool life of the CrAlTiN coated drills are 17.2 and 11.8 times higher than those of the uncoated drills. Observing wear of the drill with scanning electronic microscope, results show that there is no crack or spallation of the CrAlTiN coatings in wear zones. Main mechanism of the wear here is adhesion.     

Study on Bond Ability of Arc-Spraying Coatings with Different Surface Pretreatment on Cast-Iron

Arc spraying coatings are widely used in various applications, but uncommon in cast iron substrate. Different surface pretreatment technology is tested on substrates of gray cast iron. Surface roughness and residual stress were measured by TR200 and X-ray diffraction analyzer. Influence of different surface pretreatment methods ( dry blasting and fusebond) on roughness and residual stress was analyzed. The arc-sprayed coatings of wire 3Cr13 (φ2mm) on gray cast iron substrate is studied. The microstructure and interface of bonding layer were observed by SEM. The bond strength was taken by tensile test. Results show that bond strength with grit blasting is higher than fuse-bond; it is feasible to make wire 3Cr13 coating with arc spraying on cast iron substrate roughened by grit blasting.     

Structural Characteristics of TiO2 Ceramic Coating by Micro-Plasma Oxidation

TiO2 ceramic coatings with thickness of 20 μm were formed on the surface of pure titanium by micro-plasma oxidation. Their micro-structures were investigated by by using X-ray diffraction and their surface images were detected by using scan electronic microscope. There were three kinds of TiO2 coatings, pure anatase type TiO2 phase, mixed phases consisted of rutile type TiO2 phase and anatase type TiO2 phase, pure rutile type TiO2 phase. The coating surface with the pure anatase type TiO2 phase is rough, while the coating surface with the pure rutile type TiO2phase is smooth. The upper coating surface with the mixed type TiO2 phases is anatase type TiO2 structure and the subsurface of the TiO2 coating is rutile type TiO2structure.     

Evaluation of fatigue life of steel using steel grain size

The insightful discussion of the relationship between the construction of metallographic and fatigue life and proposition of mathematical relationships describing this relationship was conducted in the paper. This paper presents a method for estimating the fatigue life, based on the construction of the microstructural material taking into account the grain size and the participation of ferrite and pearlite phase.