Fe掺杂钛基SnO2/Sb电催化电极的制备及表征

为了改进钛基SnO2/Sb电极的电催化性能,采用高温热氧化法制备了Fe掺杂钛基SnO2/Sb 电极.采用SEM、EDX以及XRD等方法对所制备电极的表面形貌、元素组成及结构进行分析,并以苯酚为目标有机物,研究了所制备电极对有机污染物的电催化降解能力.结果表明,适量Fe的掺杂有利于晶粒细化和导电性的提高;但过量Fe的掺杂可能导致SnO2晶格的混乱程度增大,甚至使晶格破坏,从而使电极性能降低;掺杂0.5?的SnO2/Sb电极对苯酚的降解效果优于未掺杂Fe的电极;电解3 h后,苯酚去除率和化学需氧量(COD)去除率分别达到100.0%和92.0%.     

基于SnO2/Fe3O4粒子电极的三维电极体系的电催化性能

通过水热法合成复合金属氧化物SnO_2/Fe_3O_4粒子电极,然后采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、磁滞回线等技术分别对粒子电极的晶体组分、形貌、元素组成和分子结构以及粒子电极的磁性特征进行表征。采用循环伏安法分析了三维电极系统的电化学性能,并进行了电催化氧化降解罗丹明B(RhB)的实验。结果表明,SnO_2/Fe_3O_4粒子电极负载稳定、导电性强、便于回收再利用,有利于电催化氧化降解反应。三维电极降解罗丹明B的析氧电流高于其他电极体系,电催化活性效果明显,90min内罗丹明B的降解率为100%、TOC去除率为83%,反应中产生的·OH是降解有机物的主要活性基。粒子电极在重复利用5次的情况下,对罗丹明B的降解率仍保持93%以上、TOC去除率保持在77%以上,具有稳定的电催化性能。     

Ce-SO42-/TiO2固体超强酸光催化剂降解茜素红染料催化活性的研究

对SO24-/TiO2固体超强酸光催化剂进行了铈掺杂改性。在铈掺杂情况下,采用沉淀浸渍法,对不同浓度硫酸浸渍液和不同温度焙烧前驱体对催化剂的影响进行了分析。在最佳浓度和最适焙烧温度下,制备了不同铈掺杂量的催化剂,成功的用于10mg/L茜素红溶液降色处理。使其在超过SO24-/TiO2固体超强酸光催化剂降色效果的条件下重复使用,确定了使用次数在铈掺杂为2‰最多。     

稀土铈/纳米TiO2复合抗菌剂的研究

制备出稀土铈掺杂锐钛型纳米TiO2复合抗菌功能材料,该抗菌材料与不掺杂的纳米TiO2相比,在可见光下对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌的混合菌具有较好的抑菌效果,随着Ce4+的摩尔浓度增加,制备的试样的抗菌能力越强.其原因(1)铈掺杂激活纳米TiO2在可见光下的催化活性,使其光催化杀菌能力增强,(2)Ce4+本身具有较好的杀抑菌能力.     

锌电积用钛基掺聚苯胺热解碳氮SnO2-Sb2O3/PbO2电极

为了得到成本低、电催化活性高和稳定性强的锌电积用钛基二氧化铅电极,本文以聚苯胺热解碳氮(CN)作为钛基锡锑氧化物中间层的掺杂剂,继而沉积制备得到Ti/CN-SnO₂-Sb₂O₃/α-PbO₂-ZrO₂/β-PbO₂-TiO₂(Ti/CN-PbO₂)电极.用SEM、EDS对掺杂碳氮的锡锑氧化物层和Ti/CN-PbO₂电极进行表面形貌观测和元素分析,采用循环伏安,阳极极化曲线和交流阻抗分析掺杂CN的锡锑氧化物层对Ti/CN-PbO₂活性层电化学性能的影响,在30 ℃,150 g/L硫酸,50 g/L Zn²⁺电解液中进行电极强化寿命实验.结果表明,在锡锑氧化物的烧结过程中掺杂一定量的聚苯胺后,能够减轻氧化物层的龟裂现象,同时使得Ti/CN-PbO₂电极表现出更好的电催化活性,Ti/CN-PbO₂电极的加速寿命为925 h,为未掺杂CN的Ti/SnO₂-Sb₂O₃/α-PbO₂-ZrO₂/β-PbO₂-TiO₂(Ti/PbO₂)电极的2.5倍.     

不锈钢基PbO2-WC-CeO2复合镀的机理及镀层性能

不锈钢基PbO2-WC-CeO2复合电极克服了传统钛基二氧化铅(DSA)电极基体易钝化、寿命短和成本高等缺点,以往对其电化学性能研究不多。采用复合电沉积方式在不锈钢基体上制备了PbO2-WC-CeO2复合电极,通过循环伏安曲线(CV)考察了复合电极的电沉积过程;通过X射线衍射(XRD)、能谱分析仪考察了复合电极的元素组成;通过扫描电镜(SEM)考察了复合电极的表面形貌变化;通过Tafel曲线、析氧曲线考察了电极掺杂前后的电化学性能变化。结果表明:WC和CeO2固体颗粒的加入使得PbO2电沉积过程发生了择优生长和晶粒细化,电极耐腐蚀性能提高,催化活性和节能性能变佳。     

TiO2掺杂PbO2电极及其在电解法制臭氧中的应用研究

为了提高电极对臭氧生成反应的电催化活性,采用纳米复合电镀技术制备了TiO2改性PbO2电极.分别采用X射线衍射和X射线荧光光谱分析了其晶体结构和组分含量。将该电极用于电解法制备臭氧,并考察了电流密度、电镀极间距、电镀液pH值以及TiO2颗粒粒径对电极性能的影响.实验结果表明,改性后的PbO2电极使臭氧生成反应的电流效率由11.9%提高到了12.9%.电镀电流密度和电镀极间距的提高有利于提高电极催化活性.TiO2的掺杂会降低PbO2电极的晶胞粒径,有利于提高电极的电催化活性.     

铈掺杂TiO2/Ti光电极制备及可见光下光电催化性能的研究

采用阳极氧化法制备铈掺杂TiO2／Ti光电极，用SEM、XRD、XRF、XPS和UV／VIS／NIR对光电极的性能进行表征，并对其可见光照射下的光电催化性能进行了测试．研究结果表明：在成膜电压为160V，电流密度为100mA／cm^2，Ce（NO3）3浓度为960mg／L条件下制备的铈掺杂TiO2／Ti光电极在降解罗丹明B的实验中表现出良好的光电催化活性．     

铈掺杂Ba0.1Sr0.9TiO3的改性研究

铈掺杂Ba0.1Sr0.9TiO3陶瓷有着较高的介电常数和较低的压敏电压,但其烧结温度高,烧结成功率低,非线性系数小。用ZnO和过量TiO2加以改性,研究表明:适量TiO2起到了烧结助剂的作用,可将样品的烧结温度降低到1325℃,提高了样品烧结率,钛与锶的最佳物质的量比为5∶3;ZnO作为受主掺杂剂将样品的非线性系数提高到10以上,降低了介电损耗,其最佳的掺杂量为0.7%(摩尔分数)。最后用扫描电镜分析了掺杂ZnO样品的微观形貌。     

CeO2掺杂对二氧化锡电极力学性能的影响

以氧化铈作掺杂添加剂,通过对玻璃熔窑用二氧化锡电极掺杂一定量的氧化铈,分析电极的力学性能和微观结构,结果表明,氧化铈对二氧化锡电极的抗折和增韧效果显著,一定程度上能促进SnO2晶相的形成和生长,使氧化锡晶体成三维生长,大大提高了电极的力学性能,同时对电极的导电性也有明显的效果.     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.     

Mechanism Study on the Wear of CrAlTiN Coated High-Speed Steel Twist Drills Under Dry Cutting Conditions

As demands about environment protection are growing up, dry cutting technology is getting more and more concerns from all over the world. Main works performed here are study on dry cutting performances and wear mechanisms of M2high-speed steel (HSS) twist drills with CrAlTiN multicomponent coatings, which was deposited using magnetron sputter ion plating system, in drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, and their comparisons to those in drilling the same steel but using monolayer CrN and commercial TiN coated drills. Drilling performances of drills are evaluated mainly through the measurements of width on outer corner flank land and the cutting forces. Results show that performances of CrAlTiN coated drills are better than those of monolayer CrN and TiN coated drills. In drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, the average tool life of the CrAlTiN coated drills are 17.2 and 11.8 times higher than those of the uncoated drills. Observing wear of the drill with scanning electronic microscope, results show that there is no crack or spallation of the CrAlTiN coatings in wear zones. Main mechanism of the wear here is adhesion.     

Study on Bond Ability of Arc-Spraying Coatings with Different Surface Pretreatment on Cast-Iron

Arc spraying coatings are widely used in various applications, but uncommon in cast iron substrate. Different surface pretreatment technology is tested on substrates of gray cast iron. Surface roughness and residual stress were measured by TR200 and X-ray diffraction analyzer. Influence of different surface pretreatment methods ( dry blasting and fusebond) on roughness and residual stress was analyzed. The arc-sprayed coatings of wire 3Cr13 (φ2mm) on gray cast iron substrate is studied. The microstructure and interface of bonding layer were observed by SEM. The bond strength was taken by tensile test. Results show that bond strength with grit blasting is higher than fuse-bond; it is feasible to make wire 3Cr13 coating with arc spraying on cast iron substrate roughened by grit blasting.     

Structural Characteristics of TiO2 Ceramic Coating by Micro-Plasma Oxidation

TiO2 ceramic coatings with thickness of 20 μm were formed on the surface of pure titanium by micro-plasma oxidation. Their micro-structures were investigated by by using X-ray diffraction and their surface images were detected by using scan electronic microscope. There were three kinds of TiO2 coatings, pure anatase type TiO2 phase, mixed phases consisted of rutile type TiO2 phase and anatase type TiO2 phase, pure rutile type TiO2 phase. The coating surface with the pure anatase type TiO2 phase is rough, while the coating surface with the pure rutile type TiO2phase is smooth. The upper coating surface with the mixed type TiO2 phases is anatase type TiO2 structure and the subsurface of the TiO2 coating is rutile type TiO2structure.     

Evaluation of fatigue life of steel using steel grain size

The insightful discussion of the relationship between the construction of metallographic and fatigue life and proposition of mathematical relationships describing this relationship was conducted in the paper. This paper presents a method for estimating the fatigue life, based on the construction of the microstructural material taking into account the grain size and the participation of ferrite and pearlite phase.